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4 



FREEMASON'S MONITOR, 



ILLfTHTBATIOMB 1> KASONBT, 

THOMAS SMITH WEBB. 

WISH commn Aja> conovt xom vrow nti Butomr, duob av 
^nuPKiniBMoi Of aiiiBoLicAL xiBomT, ToansBBi mra 

AX AFFiaDLX, KUBKAOMra 

A SYNOPSIS OF MASONIC LAW, 

VOaUS, ODBB A2n> OHBONOLOOIOAL TABLBS, 

B7 ROB MORRIS, 

aBim Kum, 

ADTBOft or "MD« Of KAIORIO HAW," KTOt BTO., AHD 



CIITCINNATI: 
XOOBE, WILSTACH, KEYS ft CO., 

«S WIBT TOVBTH BTKXIT, 
18 6 9. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1869, 

BT JOHK SHEBEB, 

In the District Coort of the United States for the Southern 

District of Ohio. 



m-tmmtmmmmr' 






TO 



or 

GDfCOrNAXI, OHIO, 

A FBEEMASON OF LONG AND VALUED SSBYIOB, 

A canzEN OF sTXBLnra and aokkowlxdgxd hebtf, 

A FBIZND lOTH A EULND AND HXABT THAT NXYXK BLAOKSN 
m WXLL-WIBHINa AND -WXLL-DOINay 

or 

19 



10 BBBPXOTVULLT AKP TBATIBNALLT 

dudzoatiid. 



\ 






PREFACE. 



In undertaking to edit this republication of the Free- 
'^ mason's Monitor, it is but justice to myself to say that the 

work has been long in contemplation ; the notes, etc., for the 
4 most part, were long since prepared. As far back as 1852, 1 

vi had an edition of the Monitor, embracing the Symbolical 

Degrees, nearly ready for the press. In all my teachings as a 
Masonic Lecturer, I have urged that whatever merits the 
fifteen or twenty Handbooks in use among us possessed over 
tbis, or one another, it was merely for their pictorial embel- 
lishments ; the monitorial and really essential parts being but 
copies of this, with unimportant additions. I have never 
tihought their dissemination, to the exclusion of Webb*s Mon- 
itor, the tnxA policy of the Craft. 

To Mr. John Sherer I have now transferred the materials 
80 long collected and elaborated, and would cordially recom- 
mend this laudable dffort of his to the Fraternity at large. 
His labors in the science of Masonic Symbology are well 
known at home and abroad. His large and elegant Carpets, 
approved and indorsed by the highest intelligence of our 
Order, are suspended in every Lodge and Chapter, and it is 



TIU PBXFAd. 

reasonably anticipated that Tsn Fbeskason's Monitor will 
be accepted by the Craft at large as the best aooompaniment 
to them. 

The first edition of the Fbesma80N*8 Monitor was issued 
at Albany, N. Y., in 1797. In the preface the author de- 
clares that the work was chiefly intended for Freemasons, but 
is equally calculated to explain the nature and design of the 
institution to persons seeking Masonic information, from 
whatever motives. He admits that it is chiefly taken from 
the lUuMtratians of MoMwry of William Preston ; the principal 
changes being a reduction of the number of Sections, in the 
original misc, fovr and iMotlve respectively, but in this work 
three^ tvH> and three. He conceived that the Monitor em- 
braced Masonic information not otherwise accessible in a 
single volume, and that Masonic bodies would find it a useftd 
assistant and monitor. This hope has been amply fulfilled. 
The plan of the Monitor is so lucid, and the working of the 
Degrees, by due attention to the various sections, so practical, 
that its publication, aided, as it was, for twenty-two years by 
Webb's personal teachings, and by those of his disciples, 
Gleason, Cushman, Cross, Barney, Fowle, Vinton, etc., who 
more or less accurately followed their master's steps, produced 
an admirable uniformity in the American rituals* 

In this edition the phraseology of that of 1816 and subse- 
quent issues has been followed, correcting typographical 
errors and improving the punctuation. Mr. Webb altered 
and amended the Monitor in each successive edition from 
1797 to 1816; after that time the text Was unchanged. 
Hence the propriety of adopting the latter as a standard. 



PBIFAOX. IZ 

A few Soriptnre passages inoorreotly quoted naye been set 
right; a full copy of the Ancient Charges inserted, instead 
of the garbled one formerlj used ; and the headings of the 
pages improyed. With these few exceptions, the reader will 
see the Monitor as Webb himself perfected it and left it. 

The omission of the Degrees and Orders of The Ancient 
and Accepted Rite was a matter of course. Webb, so far as 
is known, was not in possession of those Degrees, and could 
only give an imperfect sketch of their history and rituals 
from other authors equally in the dark. They are grossly, 
eten ridiculously, incorrect; and the space occupied by them 
has been devoted here to a better purpose. The publication 
^ of exact and elegant rituals of this philosophical Bite by 
Pike, Lafon and Carson, renders it the less important that I 
Aould present one here. 

In relation to the insertion of Masonic emblems illustrating 

the unwritten work of Masonry, it is known that Webb did 

not approve of them. In none of his ten or fifteen editions 

are any illustrations used, although English and French 

authorfi bad adopted them before his day. Mr. Cross, whose 

"Masonic Chart" appeared about the time of Mr. Webb's 

death (1819,) and who is altogether indebted to the Monitoe 

ibr any thing valuable in his book, ventuted to follow foreign 

authors in the use of emblems, and hereby made a work 

which became popular beyond precedent Although the 

older Masons, Webb's pupils, opposed it as an innovation, the 

popular mind seized it as a valuable auxiliary in the study of 

esottoie Masonry; and it has maintained its place in the 

bookitofes for forty yeatB. Other ritualistsi Tannehill, 0. W. 



Z PRSFAOS. 

Moore, Coraelfus Moore, Gray, Macoy, Mackey, DavU, Doye, 
Stewart, etc., followed the plan thus made popular by Cross ; 
and now no Handbook of Masonry is weloome without 
emblems. One improvement, which Mr. Sherer olaims to 
have originated, has been adopted in this volume, viz': 
placing the emblems in juxtaposition with the corresponding 
letter-press. 

If, as is fondly hoped, the establishment of Masonic Schools 
of Instruction, teaching nothing but the ''Webb Work," 
should be crowned with general success, an important feature 
in them must be a uniform text-book. The Fkesmason's 
Monitor must of course possess the only claim to that 
position. 

In the Appendix, with Odes, Forms, etc., will be found a 
practical synopsis of Masonic Law. This, as will be seen, has 
been prepared with great labor, and is the first work of the 
sort ever published. I can but anticipate its favorable recep- 
tion, remembering the general and incessant call that has 
been made for a work of the kind. Its place in the Monitob 
gives it an extrinsic value on the score of convenience. 

In conclusion, but few will deny that the practical merits 
of The Fkesmason's Monitob are enhanced by judicious 
notes and comment; sixty-two years having passed since the 
first edition appeared, and great progress having been made 
by the Fraternity in matters of Masonic science. The fact 
that Mr. Webb himself so often changed and improved the 
work until a short time previous to his death, implies that, 
had he lived to a period subsequent to the great Morgan ex- 
ioitement, he would have thought it necessary, as I have done, 



PBITAOX. Zi 

to add Bomeihing more to the Honitob than illnBtratioiiB of 
working the Degrees. Haying adopted his views, so far as I 
possessed them, in the selection and arrangement of my notes 
eomment and synopsis, I feel a pleasing confidence that the 
present edition will be generally aoceptable to his disciples 
and admirers. 

Bob Mobbis. 
LouisviLLXy February, 1869. 



f 



v4:^" 



INDEX. 



AsTAHTAOXSy general, of Masonry, 17 

AdTandng, the manner o(» 101 

Acknowledging, the manner o^ 151 

Anointing, the manner of^....« .• 186 

Geremonj, opening and closing Lodge, 25 

CSharges, Ancient, ^ 81 

Charges at opening Lodge, ^ 29 

« at Initiation, 69 

« at Passing,....^ ^ i 81 

«< atBaising, 96 

«« to a Mark Master. 105 

" to a Past Master, 180 

«< to a Most Ezeellent Master, ^ 167 

« to a Bojal Arch Mason, 180 

« to a High Priest, 206 

M to a Select Master, 222 

« to a Knight Templar, 268 

Completing, the manner of, 211 

Creating, the manner of, 227 

Comer-stones, planting of, ...• - 186 

CoTenantof a Past Master, 121 

IMsdpline of Biasonry conlined to Third Degree, 19 

]>ead, the hnrial of; ^ 142 

Deaoon^ CoTenant of,- -.. 129 




ZIY INDSX. 

Entered Apprentice, Degree of, 80 

Exalting, the manner of, 161 

Fellow Craft, Degree of, 62 

Geometry and Masonry anciently sy nonymons terms, 17 

(Joremment of Blasonry, 19 

Halls, dedication o^ 140 

High Priesthood, Order o4 186 

Initiation, the manner of, 89 

Inducting, the manner of, .' Ill 

• 

Knighthood, Orders of, 228 

« history of, 241 

Knights of the Red Cross, Order of, 228 

Knights Templar, Order of, 289 

Knights of Malta, Order of, « 255 

library, tJniyersal Masonry,... .., 20 

Landmarks, Serenteen, 28 

Lodge, opening and closing, 25 

Masonry and Geometry, anciently synonymous terms, 17 

« Condition of; in United States, 1858, 18 

" GoTernment of, Explained, 19 

" Discipline of, Confined to Third Degree, 19 

" Secrets o^ Important, 21 

" Seventeen Landmarks of, 23 

« Symbolical, 89 

" Capitular, ^. 97 

" CrypUc, 209 

« Chivalric, 228 

; Master, Corenant of, 121 

Music, with Mark Masters' Ode, 108 

" « Installation Ode, - 184 

«« •' Most Excellent Masters' Ode, 154 

>* " «* Knights Templar Ode, : 262 



INDEX. XY 



« 



Master Mason, Degree oij 88 

Mark Master, Degree of, 101 

Most Exeellent Master, Degree of, 161 

Origin of Masonry, 17 

Officers should be well instructed, 28 

Obsequies, Masonic, 142 

Odes, Mark Masters', 108 

" Installation Lodge Officers', 184 

'( Most ExceUent Master, 164 ^* 

« Knights Templar, 262 * 

Prajers, closing Lodge, 29 

*< Initiation, 41 

" Raising, 86 

" Exaltation, 164 

" Anointing, .188 

Passing, the manner of, ..•• 62 

Processions at plnnting corner-stones, 181 

** at dedicating }h\\U 140 

at obsequies 144 

at dedic:i>in;? ('Ii:i|.iiis 187 

Post Master, Degree o", HI 



(1 



Raisinjr, the manner or, 88 

Royal Arch, l>egree of, 161 

Royal Master, Degree of, 213 

Secresy, importance of. 21 

Secresy, the Lodge work i.s 27 

Select Muster, Degree of, *.... 219 

Scripture Readings, Knlereii Aj'pn imee, 41 

« »* Master Masuu, 88 

« " Mark Master, 101, 106 

M " Past Master, 

CI ' « Most Excellent Master, 162 

« " Royal Arch, 162, 166, 178 

« " High Priest, 186 

« " Royal Master, 214 



^ 



xyi INDXZ. 

Seriptnnl Beading, Select Master, —•-....•...•••••.•• 219 

« « Knight of the Bed Gross, ....^ 227 

« " Knight TempUr, 248 

<* » Knight of Malta^ ^ 257 

Secretary, Goyenant of^ ••«« 129 

Treasorer, Goyenant 0% —••••• •«• 129 

United States, condition of Masonry in 1858, in the, .••••• •••••••« — - 18 

Warden, Senior, Goyenant of, • •*••••«•••. 127 

M Jnnior, Goyenant o^ - ....^ ^ 128 



FREEMASON'S MONITOR 



CHAPTER I. 

ORIOIN OP MASONRY AND ITS GENERAL ADVANTAGES.* 

From the commencement of the world, we may trace (he 
foundation of Masonry .f Ever since symmetry began, and 
harmony displayed her charms, our Order has had a being. 
During many ages, and in many different countries, it has 
flourished. In the dark periods of antiquity, when literature 
was in a low state, and the rude manners of our forefathers 
withheld from them that knowledge we now so amply share, 
Masonry diffused its influence. This science unveiled, arts 
arose, civilization took place, and the progress of knowledge 
and philosophy gradually dispelled the gloom of ignorance 
and barbarism. Government being settled, authority was 
given to laws, and the assemblies of the fraternity acquired 
the patronage of the great and the good, while the tenets of 
the profession were attended with unbounded utility. 

For ample proof of the antiquity of Masonry, that necessary founda- 
tion of its univertaUty and unchangeability^ see the writings of George 
Oliver, D. D., whose investigations under this head embrace the entire 
range of history, ancient and modern. A belief in the antiquity of Ma- 

* The larger type is the text^ as found in the Monitor; the paragraphs 
interspersed in smaller type are Mr. Morrises eommenU and notes. ^ 

t Masonry and Geometry are sometimes ns^d as synonymous terms. 
3 



18 OBIQIN AND ADYANTAOES OF MASONRY. 

sonrj is the first requisite of a good teacher. Upon this all the legends 
of the Order are based. The dignity of the Institution depends mainly 
upon its age, and to disguise its gray hairs is to expose it to a contempt- 
uous comparison with every society of modern date. 

Masonry is a science confined to no particular country, but 
diffused over the whole terrestrial globe. Wherever arts 
flourish, there it flourishes too. Add to this, that by secret 
and inviolable signs, carefully preserved among the fraternity 
throughout the world, Masonry becomes a universal language. 
Hence many advantages are gained : the distant Chinese, the 
wild Arab, and the American savage, will embrace a brother 
Briton, Franc or German ; and will know, that beside the 
common ties of humanity, there is still a stronger obligation 
to induce him to kind and friendly offices. The spirit of the 
fulminating priest will be tamed ; and a moral brother, though 
of a different persuasion, engage his esteem. Thuil, through 
the influence of Masonry, which is reconcileable to the best 
policy, all those disputes, which embitter life, and sour the 
tempers of men, are avoided! ; while the common good, the 
general design of the Crafl is zealously pursued. 

In the United States there are at this time (1858) 86 Qrand Lodges, 
vis : Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of 
Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, 
Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mis- 
sissippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, 
North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Car- 
olina, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Wisconsin. The aggregate 
number of Subordinate Lodges working under these is about 4500, hav- 
ing a membership in gross of 160,000 Master Masons. It is demonstra- 
ble that the United States has more Lodges and Masons than the whole 
of the world besides. 

*< Lo what a goodly heritage, 
The Lord to w hath given I " 

Each symbolic degree has at least one sign that is universal. The 
tokens and words, there is reason to believe, are universal. 









OOVEENMSNT OF THE fRATERNITT EXPLAINED. 19 

The every-daj experience of the MAsonic reader will justify this ex- 
hibit of the influence of Masonic principles upon the brotherhood. » 

From this view of the system, its utility must be sufficiently 

. obyious. The universal principles of the art unite men of 

the most opposite tenets, of the most distant countries, and 

of the most contradictory opinions, in one indissoluble bond 

of affection, so that in every nation a Mason finds a friend, 

and in every climate a home. 

This paragraph demands some modification. "The most opposite 
tenets,'' and '^ the most contradictory opinions," must be harmonized on 
the broad basis of The Ancient Charges of Masonry, else Freemasonry 
as such could not exist. The belief and trust in one God, and in a Di- 
vine ReTelation; and obedience to the Ten Commandments of Sinai, are 
easentiak, opposed to which nothing "opposite " nor "contradictory " can 
be tolerated. No man was more strenuous in maintaining this view of 
Masonic conformity in practice than Webb himself. 



CHAPTER II. 

THE GOVE&NMENT OF THE FRATERNITY EXPLAINED. 

The mode of government observed by the fraternity will 
best explain the importance, and give the truest idea of the 
nature and design, of the Masonic system. 

There are several classes of Masons, under different appel- 
lations. The privileges of these classes are distinct, and par- 
ticular means are adopted to preserve those privileges to the 
just and meritorious of each class. 

In general practice there is no Masonic discipline, as such, beyond the 
third degree. It is in the symbolic Lodge, which consists of only three de- 
grees, that every Mason is initiated, passed and raised, affiliated, or demit- 
ted, tried, punished, restored or acquitted, enlightened, relieved or interred. 
Masonic edifices are underlaid and dedicated only by the symbolic 
Lodge. The honor of the fraternity is maintained, its actual standing is 
presented before the world, its awards and punishments published, only 
by the Bymbolio Lodge. It would comport better with the real purposes 
of Masonry, if more attention were paid to this department and less to 
the 80 caUod high«r d^gsees. 



20 aOVERNMENT OF THE FRATERNITY EXPLAINED. 

Honor and probity are recommendations to the fint class ; 
fti which the practice of virtue is enforced, and the duties of 
morality inculcated, while the mind is prepared for regular 
and social converse in the principles of knowledge and phi- 
losophy. 

Diligence, assiduity and application are qualifications for the 
second class ; in which an accurate elucidation of science, 
both in theory and practice, is given. Here human reason is 
cultivated by a due exertion of the rational and intellectual 
powers and faculties ; nice and difficult theories are explained ; 
new discoveries produced, and those already known beau- 
tifully embellished. 

It is for this class that zealous men, during the past one hundred 
years, have provided such ample means of Masonic instruction. The 
publication of The Universal Masonic Library^ embracing 53 distinct 
works, in 30 volumes, upon the History, Philosophy and Jurisprudence 
of Freemasonry, has left nothing wanting that can enlighten and pci^ 
feet the aspiring Fellow-craft. 

The third class is composed of those whom truth and fidel- 
ity have distinguished; who, when assaulted by threats and 
violence, after solicitation and persuasion have failed, have 
evinced their firmness and integrity in preserving inviolate 
the mysteries of the Order. 

The government of the Lodge, the dispensing of its charities, and the 
selection of materials for its increase, are left by general usage in the 
United States, to the Masons of the third class, as before remarked. 

The fourth class consists of those who have perseveringly 
studied the scientific branches of the art, and exhibited proof 
of their skill and acquirements, and who have consequently 
obtained the honor of this degree, as a reward of merit. 

Hence the appellation " the more honorable deffree" of Afark Master, as 
seen in the Diplomas and Certificates of Royal Arch Masonry. This 
and the subsequent degrees are comparatively modern. 



THE IMPORTANCE OP SECRESY. 21 

The fifth class consists of those who, having acquired a 
proficiency of knowledge to become teachers, have been elected 
to preside over regularly constituted bodies of Masons. 

The tiotih class consists of those who, having discharged 
the duties of the chair with honor and reputation, are ac- 
knowledged and recorded as Mozt Excellent Masters, 

The seventh class consists of a select few whom years and 
expeiience have improved, and whom merit and abilities have 
entitled to preferment. With this class the ancient land- 
marks of the Order are preserved ; and from them we learn 
and practice the necessary and instructive lessons, which at 
once dignify the art, and qualify its professors to illustrate its 
excellence and utility. 

This is the established mode of the Masonic government, 
when the rules of the system are observed. By this judicious 
arrangement, true friendship is cultivated among different 
ranks and degrees of men, hospitality promoted, industry 
rewarded, and ingenuity encouraged. 

This is according to the American System. In other countries the de- 
gree of Royal Arch is communicated without the intermediate degrees 
of Mark Master and Most Excellent Master. All the degrees of the 
Chapter here namecl are intensely Americanized, * 



CHAPTER III. 

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SECRETS OF MASONRY DEMON- 
STRATED. 

If the secrets of Masonry are replete with such advantages 
to mankind, it may be asked, Why are they not divulged for 
the general good of society ? To which it may be answered ; 
"Were the privileges of Masonry to be indiscriminately bestowed, 
the design of the institution would be subverted; and, being 
familiar, like many other important matters, would soon lose 
their value, and sink into disregard. 



22 THB IMPORTANCE OF 8ECRE8Y. 

A better reason than this is that we as Masons have received them 
under a binding pledge to preserve them as secrets from the world and 
can not, short of the most horrible falsehood, violate our covenant. This 
is well understood by the community at large, who stamped the seal of 
perjury so deeply into the forehead of those who in the last generation 
pretended to expose our mysteries to the world, that but few of them 
ever recovered from the disgrace. 

It is a weakness in human nature, that men are generally 
more charmed with noyeltj, than the real worth or intrinsic 
value of things. Novelty influences all our actions and deter- 
minations. What is new, or difficult in the acquisition, how- 
ever trifling or insigniflcant, readily captivates the imagina- 
tion, and ensures a temporary admiration ; while what is famil- 
iar, or easily obtained, however noble and eminent for its 
utility, is sure to be disregarded by the giddy and unthinking. 

Did the particular secrets or peculiar forms prevalent among 
Masons constitute the essence of the art, it might be alleged 
that our amusements were trifling, and our ceremonies super- 
ficial. But this is not the case. Having their use, they are 
preserved ; and from the recollection of the lessons they incul- 
cate, the well-informed Mason derives instruction. Drawing 
them to a near inspection, he views them through a proper 
medium; adverts to the circumstances which gave them rise; 
dwells upon the tenets they convey ; and, finding them replete 
with useful information, adopts them as keys to the privileges 
of his art, and prizes them as sacred. Thus convinced of 
their propriety, he estimates the value from their utility. 

The " particular secrets or peculiar forms " taught by Webb up to the 
period of his death as the Rituals of Freemasonry are yet gloriously pre- 
served by many of the old Masons of New England and elsewhere. The 
writer has received them from various persons in Massachusetts, Rhode 
Island, Vermont, etc., and has found them in the main, uniform and 
consistent. The changes made -by Masonic lecturers subsequently to 
1819, have not been for the better. 

Many persons are deluded by their vague supposition that 



THE IMPO&TANGl OF B£0RI8T. 23 

our mysteries are merely nominal ; tliat the practices estab- 
lished among us are frivolous ; and that our ceremonies might 
be adopted, or waived, at pleasure. On this false foundation, 
we have found them hurrying through all the degrees, without 
adverting to the propriety of one step they pursue, or possess- 
ing a single qualification requisite for advancement. Passing 
through the usual formalities, they have accepted offices, and 
assumed the government of Lodges, equally unacquainted 
with the rules of the institution they pretended to support, or 
the nature of the trust reposed in them. The consequence is 
obvious ; wherever such practices have been allowed, anarchy 
and confusion have ensued, and the substance has been lost 
in the shadow. 

This grievous fault, as common at the present day as in 1797, is 
chargeable upon the Masters of Lodges and can not justly be imputed to 
the candidates themselves. If the blind lead the blind what other resnlt 
can be expected I 

Were the brethren who preside over Lodges properly 
instructed previous to their appointment, and regularly 
apprised of the importance of their respective offices, a gen- 
eral reformation would speedily take place. This would 
evince the propriety of our mode of government, and lead 
men to acknowledge, that our honors were deservedly con- 
ferred. The ancient consequence of the Order would be res- 
tored, and the reputation of the society preserved. 

A carefol study of the ancient laws of the Institution deyelops sev- 
enteen main principles, or landmarks which the intelligent officer of 
the. Lodge may well commit to memory. They are as follows: 1, The 
Masonic landmarks are unchangeable, and imperative. 2, Masonry is 
a system tevching, symbolically, piety, morality, science, charity, and 
self-discipline. 8, The law of Qod is the rule and limit of Masonry. 
4, The Civil law, so far as it accords with the Divine, is obligatory upon 
Masons. 6, The Masonic Lodge, and the Masonic institution, are one 
and indi risible. 6, Masonic qualifications regard the mental, moral, 
and physical nature of man. 7, Personal worth and merit are the basis 



24 GENERAL REMARKS. 

of official worth and merit. 8, The official duties of Masonry arc eso- 
teric. 9, The selection of Masonic material, and the general labors of the 
Masonic Craft are exoteric. 10, The honors of Masonry are the gratitude 
of the Craft, and the approval of God. 11, Masonic promotion, both offi- 
cial and private, is by grades. 12, The Grand Master may have a deputy. 
18, The head of the Lodge is the Master duly elected by the Craft. 14, 
The medium of communication between the head and the body of the 
Lodge, is the Wardens duly elected by the Craft. 15, Obedience to tho 
Master and Wardens is obligatory upon the members. 16, Secresy is an 
indispensable element of Masonry. 17, The Grand Lodge is supreme in 
its sphere of jurisdiction, and controls both the Subordinate Lodges and 
individual Masons, but always subject to the ancient landmarks. 

Such conduct alone can support our character. Unless 
prudent actions shall distinguish our title to the honors of 
Masonry, and regular deportment display the influence and 
utility of our rules, the world in general will not easily 
be led to reconcile our proceedings with the tenets of our 
profession. 



CHAPTER IV. 

GENERAL REMARKS. 

Masonry is an art equally useful and extensive. In every 
art there is a mystery, which requires a gradual progression 
of knowledge to arrive at any degree of perfection in it. 
Without much instruction, and more exercise, no man can be 
skillful in any art: in like manner, without an assiduous 
application to the various subjects treated of in the different 
lectures of Masonry, no person can be sufficiently acquainted 
with its true value. 

This sentiment is a severe rebuke upon those who declaim against all 
written publications as innoraiions, and denounce tJu study of Masonry 
as an unlawful thing. Without much instruction, and more exercise, no 
person will appreciate the wisdom, strength, and beauty of Freemasonry. 

It must not, however, be inferred from this remark, that 



OP^NINa AND CLOSING THE LODGE. 25 

persons who labor under the disadvantages of a confined edu- 
cation, or whose sphere of life requires a more intense appli- 
cation to business or study, are to be discouraged in their 
endeavors to gain a knowledge of Masonry. 

The peculiarly difficult manner in •ifhicli the essential secrets of 
Masonrj are necessarily commnnicated to the American brethren, ren- 
ders it a matter of time as well as labor, to acquire them. No such 
auxiliaries as go to the acquisition of other sciences are permitted here; 
frequent rehearsals impressing retentive memories, form the only road 
to this learning. It is not strange, therefore, that we have so few 
proficients. 

To qualify an individual to enjoy the benefits of the society 
at large, or to partake of its privileges, it is not absolutely 
necessary that he should be acquainted with all the intricate 
parts of the science. These are only intended for the diligent 
and assiduous Mason, who may have leisure and opportunity 
to indulge such pursuits. 

Though some are more able than others, some more eminent, 
some more useful, yet all, in their different spheres, may 
prove advantageous to the community. As the nature of 
every man's profession will not admit of that leisure which is 
necessary to qualify him to become an expert Mason, it is 
highly proper that the official duties of a Lodge should bo 
executed by persons whose education and situation in life 
enable them to become adepts ; as it must be allowed, that all 
who accept offices, and exercise authority, should be properly 
qualified to discharge the task assigned them, with honor to 
themselves, and credit to their sundry stations. 



CHAPTER V. 

THE CEREMONY OP OPENING AND CLOSING A LODGE. 

In all regular assemblies of men, who are convened for 
wise and useful purposes, the commencement and conclusion 



26 OPENING AND CLOSINQ THE LODQE. 

of business are accompanied with some form. In every 
country of the world the practice prevails, and is deemed 
essential. From tho most remote periods of antiquity it may 
be traced, and the refined improvements of modern times have 
not totally abolished it. 

Ceremonies, when simply considered, it» is true, are little 
more than visionary delusions ; but their effects are sometimes 
important. When they impress awe and reverence on the 
mind, and engage the attention by external attraction, to 
solemn rites, they are interesting objects. These purposes 
are effected by judicious ceremonies, when regularly conducted 
and properly arranged. On {his ground they have received 
the sanction of the wisest men in all ages, and consequently 
could not escape the notice of Masons. To begin well, is the 
most likely means to end well ; and it is judiciously remarked, 
that when order and method are neglected at the beginning, 
they will be seldom found to take place at the end. 

At every slated meeting, the Lodge should be thoroughly instruoted 
in the ceremony of opening, as this embraces the whole art of preserving 
the essential secresy. of the Craft', the duties and' stations of officers, the 
appeal to Deity for grace and strength, and the unchangeable means of 
Masonic recognition. 

The ceremony of opening and closing a Lodge with solem- 
nity and decorum, is, therefore, universally admitted among 
Masons ; and though the mode in some Lodges may vary, and 
in every degree must vary, still a uniformity in the general 
practice prevails in every Lodge ; and the variation is solely 
occasioned by a want of method, which a little application 
might easily remove. 

In the numerous Lodges I have visited, I have found the variation 
to consist chiefly in the different amount of ceremony and lecture 
rehearsed. In some the ceremony is deprived of all its vitality, in 
others it is made full and explicit, while the great mass of Lodges vary 
between these extremes. 



OPENINa AND CLOSINQ THB LODGE. 27 

To conduct this ceremony with propriety ought to be the 
peculiar study of every Mason, especially of those who have 
the honor to rule in our assemblies. To persons who are thus 
dignified, every eye is naturally directed for propriety of con- 
duct and behavior; and from them, other brethren, who are 
less informed, will naturally expect to derive an example 
worthy of imitation. 

It is comparatively easy to confer a degree, but few can open and 
close a Lodge with dignity and propriety. Years of study and experi- 
ence go to make one proficient in this desirable art. 

From a share in this ceremony no Mason can be exempted. 
It is a general concern, in which all must assist. This is the 
first request of the Master, and the prelude to all business. 
No sooner has it been signified, than every officer repairs to 
his station, and^ the brethren rank according to their degrees. 
The intent of the meeting becomes the sole object of attention, 
and the mind is insensibly drawn from those indiscriminate 
subjects of conversation which are apt to intrude on our less 
serious moments. 

This effect accomplished, our care is directed to the external 
avenues of the Lodge, and the proper officers, whose province 
it is to discharge that duty, execute their trust with fidelity, 
and by certain mystic forms, of no recent date, intimate that 
we may safely proceed. To detect impostors among ourselves, 
an adherence to order in the character of Masons ensues, and 
the Lodge is either opened or closed in solemn form. 

By the general usage in the United States this order is reversed. 

^ 

The Lodge is first congregated, then purged, then tyUd. This seems to 
me the more consistent method. 

At opening the Lodge, two purposes are wisely effected : the 
Master is reminded of the dignity of his character, and the 
brethren of the homage and veneration due from them in 
their sundry stations. These are not the only advantages 



38 OPENING AND CLOSING THE LODGE. 

resulting from a due observance of this ceremony; a rever- 
ential awe for the Deity is inculcated, and the eye fixed on 
that object, from whose radiant beams light only can be 
derived. Here we are taught to adore the God of heaven, 
and to supplicate his protection on our well-meant endeavors. 
The Master assumes his government in due form, and under 
him his Wardens ; who accept their trust, after the customary 
salutations. The brethren then, with one accord, unite in 
duty and respect, and the ceremony concludes. 

This is a beautiful sjDopsis of the form and purposes of the open- 
ing ceremony. 

At closing the Lodge, a similar form takes place. Here the 
less important duties of Masonry are not passed over unob- 
served. The necessary degree of subordination in the govern- 
ment of a Lodge is peculiarly marked, while the proper tribute 
of gratitude is offered up to the beneficent Author of life, and 
his blessing invoked and extended to the whole fraternity. 
Each brother faithfully locks up the treasure he has acquired, 
in his own secret repositary; and, pleased with his reward, 
retires to enjoy and disseminate, among the private circle of 
his brethren, the fruits of his labor and industry in the 
Lodge. 

The work of th% Lodge in each degree is a portion of the secrets of 
Masonry. 

These are faint outlines of a ceremony which universally 
prevails among Masons in every country, and distinguishes all 
their meetings. It is arranged as a general section in every 
degree, and takes the lead in all our illustrations. 

The best usage at stated meetings is to open the three Lodges in reg- 
ular order, commencing with the lowest. No abbreviating or slurring 
over the ceremonies should be allowed, but every response given and 
every ceremony performed with plodding exactness. The closing may 
be more brief. 



CHARGES AND REQTTLATIONS. 29 

At called meetings ibose Lodges only are opened in which the business 
of the meeting is to be performed. 

Charge used at Opening a Lodge. 

" Behold ! how good aud how pleasant it is for brethren to 
dwell together in unity! 

"It is like the precious ointment upon the head, that ran 
down upon the beard, even Aaron's beard, that went down to 
the skirts of his garments : 

"As the dew of Hermon, and as the dew that descended 
upon the mountains of Zion ; for there the Lord commanded 
the blessing, even life for evermore." 

An Invocation at Closing the Lodge, 

May the blessing of Heaven rest upon us, and all regular 
Masons ! may brotherly love prevail, and every moral and 
social virtue cement us ! Amen. So mote it he. 

No Lodge can be regularly opened or closed without religious sei^ 
vices of some sort. The general usage is for the Master to call upon 
brethren gifted in prayer to make supplication to the Divine Throne. 
In very many Lodges, opening and closing Odes are likewise sung. See 
Appendix. 



CHAPTER VI. 

CHARQES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE CONDUCT AND 

BEHAVIOR OP MASONS. 

A rehearsal of the Ancient Charges properly succeeds 
the opening, and precedes the closing, of a Lodge. This was 
the constant practice of our ancient brethren, and ought never 
to be neglected in our regular assemblies. A recapitulation 
of our duty can not be disagreeable to those who are 
ac<][uainted with it; and to those who know it not, should 
any such be, it must be highly proper to recommend it. 



30 CHARGES AND BSOULATIONS. 

The Synopsis of the Ancient Charge*, introduced here by Webb, is so 
abbreviated and imperfect that it is thought better to insert the whole, 
unabridged. All questions upon Masonic Law must be referred, as a 
last resort, to these Ancient Charges. A mere skeleton of a document, 
not in itself very lengthy, does not therefore answer the purpose Webb 
had in riew, nor would It serre as a standard, so necessary in this 
inquiring age, for the settlement of the numerous mooted questions that 
arise in the workings of every Lodge. 



THE 



ANCIENT CHARGES OF MASONRY. 



FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1723 UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE 



GRAND LODGE OF ENGLAND. 



CHAPTER I. 

CONCERNING GOD AND RELIGION. 

A Mason is obliged, bj bis tenure, to obey tbe moral law, 
and if be rigbtly understands tbe art, be will never become a 
stupid Atbeist nor an irreligious Libertine. 

But thougb in ancient times, Masons were cbarged in every 
country to be of tbe Religion of tbat country or nation, wbat- 
ever it was, yet it is now tbougbt more expedient only to 
oblige tbem to tbat Religion in wbicb all men agree, leaving 
tbeir particular opinions to tbemselves ; tbat is, to be good 
and true, or men of bonor and bonesty, by wbatever denom- 
inations or persuasions tbey may be distinguisbed : wbereby 
Masonry becomes tbe center of union, and tbe means of con- 
ciliating true friendsbip among persons tbat must bave 
remained at a perpetual distance. 



CHAPTER 11. 

07 THE CIYIL MAGISTRATE, SUPREME AND SUBORDINATE. 

A Mason is a peaceable subject to tbe civil powers, wberever 
be resides or works, and is never to be concerned in plots or 
conspiracies against tbe peace and welfare of tbe nation, nor 



32 LODGES. 

to behave himself undutifully to inferior Magistrates. For as 
Masonry hath always been injured by war, bloodshed and con- 
fusion, so ancient kings and princes have been much disposed 
to encourage the Craftsmen, because of their peaceableness and 
loyalty, whereby they practically answered the cavils of their 
adversaries, and promoted the honor of the fraternity who 
ever flourished in times of peace. So that if a Brother should 
be a rebel against the State, he is not to be countenanced in 
his rebellion, however he may be pitied as an unhappy man • 
and if convicted of no other crime, though the loyal Brother- 
hood must and ought to disown his rebellion and give no 
umbrage or ground of political jealousy to the government 
for the time being, they can not expel him from the Lod^^e 
and his relation to it remains indefeasible. 



CHAPTER III. 

OP LODGES. 

A Lodge is a place where Masons assemble and work • 
hence that Assembly, or duly-organized Society of Masons, is 
called a Lodge, and every Brother ought to belong to one 
and to be subject to its by-laws and the general regulations' 
It is either particular or general, and will be best understood 
by attending it, and by the Regulations of the General or 
Grand Lodge hereunto annexed.* In ancient times no Mas 
ter or Fellow could be absent from it, especially when warned to 
appear at It, without incurring a severe censure, until it appear- 
ed to the Master and Wardens, that pure necessity hindered him 

The persons admitted members of a Lodge must be c^ood 
and true men, free born, and of mature and discreet age, no 

* Alluding to the Constitution of the Grand Lod^c of Pn^i a ^• ^ 
is not given in this volume. ^ England which 



MASTERS, WARDENS) FELLOWS AND APPRENTICES. 33 

bondmen, no woman, no immoral or scandalous men, but of 
good report. 



CHAPTER IV. 

OF MASTERS, WARDENS, FELLOWS AND APPRENTIOES. 

All preferment among Masons is grounded upon real worth 
and personal merit only; that so the lord may be well served, 
the brethren not put to shame, nor the Boyal Graft despised. 
Therefore no Mason or Warden is chosen by seniority but for 
his merit It is impossible to describe these things in writing, 
and every Brother must attend in his place and learn them in 
a way peculiar to this fraternity. Only candidates may know 
that no Master should take an Apprentice unless he has suf- 
ficient employment for him, and unless he be a perfect youth, 
having no n^iaim or defect in his body that may render him 
incapable of learning the art, of serving his Master's Lord, and 
of being made a Brother, and then a Fellow-craft in due 
time, even after he has served such 1i term of years as the 
custom of the country directs, and that he should be descended 
of honest parents : That so, when otherwise qualified he may 
arrive to the honor of being the Warden, and then the Msts- 
ter of the Lodge, the Grand Warden and at length the Grand 
Master of all the Lodges, according to his merit. 

Ko Brother can be a Warden until he has passed the part of 
a Fellow-craft; nor a Master until he has acted as a Warden; 
nor Grand Warden until he has been Master of a Lodge ; nor 
Grand Master unless he has been a Fellow-craft before his 
election, who is also to be nobly born, or a gentleman of the 
best fashion, or some eminent scholar, or some curious archi- 
tect, or other artist, descended of honest parents, and who is 
of singular great merit in the opinion of the Lodges. 

And for the better and easier and more honorable discharge 
of his office, the Grand Master has a power to choose his own 
4 



34 MANAGEMENT OF THE GRAFT IN WORKING. 

Deputy Grand Master who must be then or must have be,en 
formerly, the Master of a particular Lodge, and has the priv- 
ilege of acting whatever the Grand Master, his 'principal, 
should act, unless the principal be present or interpose his 
authority by a letter. 

These rulers and governors, supreme and subordinate, of 
the Ancient Lodge^ are to be obeyed in their respective sta- 
tions by all the brethren, according to the old Charges and 
Regulations, with all humility, reverence, love, and alacrity. 



CHAPTER V. 

OF THE MANAGEMENT OF THE CRAFT IN WORKING. 

All Masons should work honestly on working days, that 
they may live creditably on holy days; and the time appointed 
by the law of the land, or confirmed by custom^ shall be 
observed. 

The most expert of the Fellow craftsmen, shall be chosen 
or appointed the Master or Overseer of the lord'^s work, who 
is to be called Master by those that work under him. 

The Craftsmen are to avoid all ill language, and to call each 
other no disobliging names, but Brother or Fellow ; and to 
behave themselves courteously within and without the Lodge. 

The Master, knowing himself to be able of cunning, shall 
undertake the lord's work as reasonably as possible, and truly 
dispend his goods as if they were his own, nor to give more 
wages to any Brother or Apprentice than he really may 
deserve. 

Both the Master and the Masons, receiving their wages 
justly, shall be faithful to the lord, and honestly finish their 
work whether task or journey; nor put the work to task, that 
hath been accustomed to journey. 

None shall discover envy at the prosperity of a Brother, nor 



BEHAVIOR. 35 

supplant him, or put him out of his work, if he he capable to 
finish the same; for no man can finish another's work so much 
to the lord's profit, unless he be thoroughly acquainted with 
the designs and drafts of him that began it. 

When a Fellow-craftsman is chosen Warden of the work, 
under the Master, he shall be true both to Master and Fellows, 
and shall carefully oversee the work in the Master's absence to 
the lord's profit : and his brethren shall obey him. 

All Masons employed shall meekly receive their wages with- 
out murmuring or mutiny, and not desert the Master till the 
work is finished. 

A younger Brother shall be instructed in working, to pre- 
vent spoiling the materials for want of judgment, and for in- 
creasing and continuing of brotherly love. All the tools 
used in working shall be approved by the Grand Lodge. 

No laborer shall be employed in the proper work of Masonry ; 
nor shall Freemasons work with those that are not free, with- 
out an urgent necessity ; nor shall they teach laborers, unac- 
cepted Masons, as they should teach Brother or Fellow. 



CHAPTER VI. 

OF BEHAVIOR, VIZ: IN THE LODGE WHILE CONSTITUTED. 

You are not to hold private committees or separate conver- 
sation without leave from the Master, nor to talk of any thing 
impertinent or unseemly, or interrupt the Master or Wardens, 
or any Brother speaking to the Master; nor behave yourself 
hilariously or jestingly while the Lodge is engaged in what is 
serious and solemn, nor use any unbecoming language upon 
any pretense whatever, but to pay due reverence to your Mas- 
ter, Wardens and Fellows, and put them to worship. 

If any complaint is brought, the Brother found guilty shall 
stand to the award and determination of the Lodge, who are 
the proper and competent judges of all saoh oontTOYcrsics 



36 BEHAVIOR. 

(unless you carry it by appeal to the Grand Lodge), and to 
whom they ought to be referred, unless a lord's work be hin- 
dered the mean while ; in which case a particular reference 
may be made. But you must never go to law about what 
concerneth Masonry, without absolute necessity, apparent to 
the Lodge. 

Afi^ the Lodge is over and the brethren not gone. 

You may enjoy yourselves with innocent mirth, treating 
one another according to ability, but avoiding all excess, or 
forcing any Brother to eat or drink beyond his inclination, 
or hindering him going when his occasions call him, or doing 
or saying any thing offensive, or that may forbid an easy and 
free conversation ; for that would blast our harmony and de- 
feat our laudable purposes. Therefore, no private piques or 
quarrels must be brought within the door of the Lodge, far 
less any quarrels about religion, or. nations, or State policy, 
we being only as Masons of the catholic religion above men- 
tioned. We are also of all nations, tongues, kindreds and 
languages, and are resolved against all politics as what never 
yet conduced to the welfare of the Lodge, and never will. 
This charge has been always strictly enjoined and observed ; 
but especially ever since the Reformation in Britain, or the 
dissent and secession of these nations from the communion of 
Rome. 

When Brethren meet witJiout Strangers, hut not in a Lodge 

formed. 

You are to salute one another in a courteous manner, as 
you will be instructed, calling each other Brother, freely giv- 
ing mutual instruction, as shall be thought expedient, with- 
out being overseen or overheard, and without encroaching 
upon each other, or derogating from that respect which is due 
to any Brother were he not a Mason. For though all Masons 
are as brethren upon the same level, yet Masonry takes no 



BEHAVIOR. 37 

honor from a man that he had before, — ^nay, rather it adds to 
his honor, especially if he has deserved well of the Brother- 
hood, who must give honor to whom it is due, and avoid ill- 
manners. 

la presence of Strangers^ not Masons. 

You shall be cautious in your words and carriage, that the 
most penetrating stranger shall not be able to discover or find 
out what is not proper to be intimated ; and sometimes you 
shall divert a discourse, and manage it prudently, for the 
honor of the worshipful fraternity. 

At Home and in your Neighborhood, 

You are to act as becomes a moral and wise man : particu- 
larly not to let your family, friends and neighbors know the 
concerns of the Lodge, etc., but wisely to consult your own 
honor, and that of the ancient Brotherhood, for reasons not 
to be mentioned here. You must also consult your health, 
by not continuing together too late, or too long from home 
after Lodge hours are past, and by avoiding of gluttony or 
drunkenness, that your families be not neglected or injured, 
nor you disabled from working. 

Toward a strange Brother, 

You are cautiously to examine him in such a method as 
prudence shall direct you, that you may not be imposed upon 
by an ignorant false pretender, whom you are to reject with 
contempt and derision, and beware of giving him any hints 
of knowledge. But if you discover him to be a true and gen- 
uine Brother, you are to respect him accordingly ; and if he 
is in want, you must relieve him if you can, or else direct him 
how ho may be relieved. You must employ him some days, 
or else recommend him to be employed. But you are not 
charged to do beyond your ability, only to prefer a poor 
Brother, that is a good man and true, before any other poor 
people in the same circumstances. 



88 BEHAVIOR. 

Finally, all these charges you are to ohserve, and also those 
that shall be communicated to you in another way ; cultiva- 
ting Brotherly Love, the foundation and cap-stone, the cement 
and glory of the ancient fraternity, avoiding all wrangling 
and quarreling, all slander -and backbiting, not permitting 
others to slander any honest Brother, but defending his char- 
acter, and doing him all good offices as far as is consistent 
with your honor and safety, and no further. And if any of 
them do you injury, you must apply to your own or his Lodge, 
and from thence you may appeal to the Grand Lodge at the 
quarterly Communication, and from thence to the annual 
Orand Lodge, as has been the ancient laudable conduct of our 
forefathers in every nation ; never taking a legal course, but 
when the case can not be otherwise decided, and patiently 
listening to the honest and friendly advice of Master and Fel- 
lows, when they would prevent your going to law with stran- 
gers, or would excite you to put a speedy period to all law- 
suits, that so you may mind the affair of Masonry with the 
more alacrity and success. But with respect to Brothers or 
Fellows at law, the Master and brethren should kindly offer 
their mediation, and if that submission is impracticable, they 
must however carry on their process or lawsuit without wrath 
and rancor, not in the common way, saying or doing nothing 
which may hinder Brotlurly Love and good offices to be re- 
newed and continued ; that all may see the benign influence 
of Masonry, as all true Masons have done from the beginning 
of the world, and tjoill do to the end of time. Anien, So 
mote it he. 



lo addition to this ancient and most valnable document, the reader 
is referred to Records of the tenth century ( Code, p. 18), the fourteenth 
century (Ibid. pp. 21 and 27), the fifteenth century (Ibid. p. 29); the 
seventeenth century (Ibid. p. 35, republished in this volume under head 
of "Charges to a Past Master"), and of the eighteenth century (Ibid. p. 
47). The Constitutions of the thirty-six American Grand Lodges form 



PRE-REQUISITES FOR A CANDIDATE. 39 

useful subjects of study. (For that of New York see Ibid. p. 64. ) The 
standard form of by-laws in very general use is worthy of notice in the 
same connection (Ibid. p. 91). Nothing will so readily form the ripe 
Mason as the study of these ancient and standard documents. 



CHAPTER VII. 

PRB-REQUI8ITES FOR A CANDIDATE. 

By a late regulation, adopted by most of the Grand Lodges 
in America, no candidate for the mysteries of Masonry can be 
initiated without having been proposed at a previoua meeting 
of the Lodge ; in order that no one may be introduced with- 
out due inquiry relative to his character and qualifications. 

This is so far from being a late regulation that it is a portion of the 
oldest Masonic statutes ever brought to America: viz., in 1778, at the 
establishment of the first Lodge in Boston, Massachusetts. It formed a 
part at that time, of the Constitutions of the Grand Lodge of England, 
as follows: "Rule V. No man can be made or adm.tted a member of 
a particular Lodge, without previous notice, one month before, given to 
the said Lodge in order to make due inquiry into the reputation and 
capacity of the candidate; unless by the Dispensation aforesaid." Jhis 
being a fundamental law of Masonry, it was not a regulation that could 
be "adopted by most of the Grand Lodges in America." See, also, tho 
Installation Service of the Master of a Lodge, Charge xiv. 

All applications for initiation should be made by petition 
in writing, signed by the applicant, giving an account of his 
age, quality, occupation, and place of residence, and that he is 
desirous of being admitted a member of the fraternity ; which 
petition should be kept on file by the Secretary. 

Form of a Petition to he presented hy a Cdndidaie for Initiation. 

"To the Worshipful Master, Wardens, and Brethren of 
Lodge, of Free and Accepted Masons : 



" The petition of the subscriber respectfully showeth, that 
haying long entertained a favorable opinion of your ancient 



40 PRE-REQUI8ITES FOR A CANDIDATE. 

institution, he is desirous of being admitted a member thereof, 
if found worthy. 

To this is properly added the words, " If admitted he pledges himself 
to a cheerful obedience to all the requirements of the Institution.^' 

" His place of residence is ; his age years ; his 

occupation . 

[Signed] "A. B." 

After this petition is read, the candidate must be proposed 
in form, by a member of the Lodge, and the proposition sec- 
onded by another member ; a committee is then appointed to 
make inquiry relative to his character and qualifications. 

The only exception to this rule is found in Virginia, where no exam- 
ining committees are appointed. 

The qualifications of candidates are of three classes : mentalf moral^ and 
physical. 

Mentally^ each must possess a sound intellect, and a good memory, so 
as quickly to appreciate, thoroughly to comprehend, and faithfully to 
retain the instructions to be communicated to him. 

Morally^ he must be of good report before all men, obedient to the 
laws of God, keeping his passions under subjection, industrious, econom- 
ical, and a good citizen. 

Physically^ he must have the parts and members of a man, without 
any serious maim or defect. All the Masonic means of recognition he 
must be able Mason ically to receive., and Masonically to commumcate. 

Declaration to be assented to by a Candidate^ in an adjoining c^artmentj 

previous to Initiation. 

" Do you seriously declare, upon your honor, before these 
gentlemen,^ that, unbiased by friends, and uninfluenced by 
mercenary motives, you freely and voluntarily offer yourself 
a candidate for the mysteries of Masonry?" I do. 

"Do you seriously declare, upon your honor, before these 
gentlemen, that you are prompted to solicit the privileges of 
Masonry by a favorable opinion conceived of the institution. 



* The Stewards of the Lodge are usually present. If not, then a Com- 
mittee of Preparation. 



PBS-BEQUI8ITES FOB A CANDIDATE. 41 

a desire of knowledge, and a sincere wish of being serviceable 
to your fellow-creatures ?'* I do. 

"Do you seriously declare, upon your honor, before these 
gentlemen, that you will cheerfully conform to all the ancient 
established usages and customs of the fraternity?" I do. 

A clear ballot must be had before the candidate is notified to appear 
in the "adjoining apartment." The only exception to this is in South 
Carolina, where it requires two black balls to reject. 

The usage in balloting is by balls, and in a manner so secret that no 
one is informed how another voted. If one black ball only is found in 
the box. a second ballot is immediately had to correct a possible mis- 
take ; the black ball appearing the second time, the candidate is declared 
rejected, nor can he apply to the Lodge again until after a period 
(usually twelve months) designated in the standard regulations of the 
Grand Lodge having jurisdiction. More than one black ball ensures a 
peremptory rejection. 

The same rule of balloting is applicable to petitions for affiliation and 
advancement. 

There is no Grand Lodge which at present authorizes an addition 
to these declarations. A few private Lodges append a pledge, to the effect 
that the applicant believes in a state of future rewards and punishments, 
that he conceives the Holy Scriptures to be of Divine import, etc. All 
this, however, is irregular and un-Masonic. 

After the above declarations are made, and reported to the 
Master, he makes it known to the Lodge, in manner following, 
yiz: 

" Bbethbek, — At the request of Mr. A. B., he has been 
proposed and accepted in regular form ; I therefore recom- 
mend him as a proper candidate for the mysteries of Masonry, 
and worthy to partake of the privileges of the fraternity; and, 
in consequence of a declaration of his intentions, yoluntarily 
made, I believe he will cheerfully conform to the rules of the 
Order." 

If there.are then no objections made, the candidate is intro- 
duced in due form. 
5 



ENTSSK& APPEENTIOE. 




CHAPTER Vni. 

ABMABKB ON THE 7IB8T LEOTUHE. 

We ehall now enter on a diaqnieUion of the different Beo- 
tiona of the lectnrefl appropriated to tlie BSveral degrees of 
Muonr;, giving a brief anmmary of the whole, and annexing 
to every remark the partionlara to which the section alludes. 
By these means the indnatrious Mason will be instructed in 
the regnlor arrangement of the sections in each lecture, and 
be enabled with more ease to acquire a knowledge of the art. 



44 ENTERED APPBENTIOE. 

The whole of these lectures, as taught bj Webb, are yet exteat, And 
would most appropriately accompany this Yolume by the mouth of Grand 
Lecturers and other Masonic instructors. 

The first lecture on Masonry is divided into three sections, 
and each section into different clauses. Virtue is painted in 
the most beautiful colors, and the duties of morality are 
enforced. In it we are taught such useful lessons as prepare 
the mind for a regular advancement in the principles of knowl- 
edge and philosophy. These are imprinted on the memory by 
lively and sensible images, to influence our conduct in the 
proper discharge of the duties of social life. 

These images relate to the chaste and beautiful drama of Masonry, 
wherein emblem, symbol, and ceremonial, are elegantly combined with 
the purest doctrine and the most Tenerable tradition, to Impress the can- 
didate's mind with the grace and sublimity of the Rite. 

In Webb's day, the emblems, instead of being presented in the Moni- 
tor as now, were painted upon canvas, and formed a part of the hang- 
ings of the Lodge. Oflener they were merely drawn with chalk, char- 
coal, and clay, upon the floor, for temporary use. The same designs 
were used then as now. 

THE FIRST SECTION. 

The first section in this lecture is suited to all capacities, 
and may and ought to be known by every person who ranks 
as a Mason. It consists of general heads, which, though 
short and simple, carry weight with them. They not only 
serve as marks of distinction, but communicate useful and 
interesting knowledge, when they are duly investigated. They 
qualify us to try and examine the rights of others to our privi- 
leges, while they prove ourselves; and, as they induce us to 
inquire more minutely into other particulars of greater im- 
portance, they serve as an introduction to subjects more amply 
explained in the following sections. 

The examination of a visiting Brother is made particularly minute 
and thorough upon this degree. 



FIS8T SECTION. 



45 



A Prayer used at the Initiaiion of a Candidate. 

Youclisafe thine aid, Almighty Father of the Universe, to 
this, our present convention ; and grant that this candidate 
for Masonry may dedicate and devote his life to thy service, 
and hecome a true and faithful Brother among'usi Endue 
him with a competency of thy divine wisdom, that by the 
secrets of our art, he may be better enabled to display the 
beauties of Brotherly Love, Belief and Truth, to the honor 
of thy holy name. Amen. So mote it be. 

m 

All the prayers introduced into this work may be considered as 
models or forms to be enlarged upon or abbreviated, or others subeti- 
tnted in their places, at the Master s will and pleasure. 

It is a duty incumbent on every Master of a Lodge, before 
the ceremony of initiation takes place, to inform the candidate 
of the purpose and design of the institution ; to explain the 
nature of his solemn engagements; and, in a manner peculiar 
to Masons alone, to require his cheerful acquiescence to the 
duties of morality and virtue, and all the sacred tenets of the 
Order. 

This important regulation has been of latter years generally neg- 
lected. The usage, however, is gaining ground again. 

Toward the close of the section is explained that peculiar 
ensign of Masonry, the lamh-skiny or 
white leaihei^ apron, which is an emblem 
of innocence, and the badge of a Ma- 
son; more ancient than the Golden 
Fleece or Boman Eagle; more honorable 
than the Star and Garter, or any other 
order that could be conferred upon the candidate at the time 
of his initiation, or at any time thereafter, by king, prince, 
potentate, or any other person, except he be a Mason ; and 
which every one ought to wear with equal pleasure to him- 
self, and honor to the fraternity. 




46 ENTEESD AVVBXHTICE. 

The Masonio tfplron of the symbolic degrees ehoold be cnt with ri^hi 
angles throughout. 

This seotioii cloees with an ezplanaiioii of the wcrleing tooU 
and implements of an Entered Apprentice, which are, the 
ThDenty-fow inch Gauge^ and the Common GaveL 

These should be a part of the furniture or equipments of the Lodge. 
The following is the correot form of the Gayel : 




The Tuoenhf'/our inch Gauge is an instrument made nse of 
by operative masons, to measure and lay out their work ; but 
we, as free and accepted Masons are taught to make use of it 
for the more noble and glorious purpose of diyiding our time. 
It being divided into twenty -four equal parts, is emblematical 
of the twenty-four hours of the day, which we are taught to 
divide into three equal parts, whereby we find eight hours for 
the service of G-od and a distressed worthy Brother ; eight 
hours for our usual avocations ; and eight for refreshment and 
sleep.* 



«« Xhe most effectual expedient employed by Alfred the Great, for the 
encouragement of learning, was his own example, and the conBtant assi- 
duity with which he employed himself in the pursuit of knowledge. 
He usually divided his time into three equal portions : one was employed 
in sleep, and the refection of his body; another in the dispatch of busi- 
ness; and a third in study and devotion." — Humeri Bittory qf England, 



SECOND SECTION. 47 

The Oomnwn Gavel is an instrument made use of bj 
operatiTe masons, to break off the corners of rough stones, 
the better to fit them for the builder's use ; but we, as free 
and accepted Masons, are taught to make use of it for the 
more noble and glorious purpose of divesting our minds and 
consciences of all the vices and superfluities of life, thereby 
fitting our bodies, as living stones, for that spiritual building, 
that house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens. 

THE SECOND SECTION. 

The second section rationally accounts for the origin of our 
bieroglyphical instruction, and convinces us of the advantages 
which will ever accompany a faithful observance of our duty ; 
it maintains, beyond the power of contradiction, the propri- 
ety of our rites, while it demonstrates to the most skeptical 
and hesitating mind, their excellence and utility; it illustrates, 
at the same time, certain particulars, of which our ignorance 
might lead us into error, and which, as Masons, we are indis- 
pensably bound to know. 

It is not enough to instruct the initiate in the forms through which 
he has passed; this were but child-like and trivial. The antiquity, ori- 
gin and meaning of those forms is that which alone oan recommend 
them to the intellectual mind. In this, and not in mere ezpertness or 
dramatic eifect, lies the forte of a skillful Master. 

To make a daily progress in the art is ouif constant duty, 
and expressly required by our general laws. What end oan 
be more noble, than the pursuit of virlue ? what motive more 
alluring, than the practice of justice? or what instruction 
more beneficial, than an -accurate elucidation of symbolical 
mysteries which tend to embellish and adorn the mind ? Ev- 
ery thing that strikes the eye, more immediately engages the 
attention, and imprints on the memory serious and solemn 



48 ENTESED APPRENTICE. 

truths; hence Masons, universally adopting this method of 
inculcating the tenets of their Order hy typical figures and 
allegorical emblems, prevent their mysteries from descending 
into the familiar reach of inattentive and unprepared novices, 
from whom they might not receive due veneration. 

Our records inform us, that the usages and customs of Ma- 
sons have ever corresponded with those of the Egyptian phi- 
losophers, to which they bear a near affinity. Unwilling to 
expose their mysteries to vulgar eyes, they concealed their 
particular tenets, and principles of polity, under hieroglyph- 
ical figures ; and expressed their notions of government by 
signs and symbols, which they communicated to their Magi 
alone, and who were bound by oath not to reveal them. The 
Pythagorean system seems to have been established on a sim- 
ilar plan, and many orders of a more recent date. Masonry, 
however, is not only the most ancient, but the most moral 
institution that ever subsisted; every character, figure and 
emblem, depicted in a Lodge, has a moral tendency, and incul- 
cates the practice of virtue. 

It must not be supposed that all the ancient emblems and symbols 
of Masonry are given in this or any other Manual. Many have fallen into 
disuse ; some are too closely allied to the essential secrets of Masonry 
t^ be published with impunity ; some are too elaborate for a mere Hand- 
book like this. 

THE BADGE OF A MASON. 

Every candidate, at his initiation, is presented with a lamb- 
skin or white leather apron. 

By the Old Regulations, No. VII., "Every Brother at his making is 
decently to clothe the Lodge, that is, all the Brethren present." By 
this was meant the presentation of white gloves and aprons. But the 
usage with us has become obsolete. 



TEiBD asonoN. 



c::^ *^^^**^S~' 



The Lamb lias in all ages 
been deemed an emblein of 
innocence ; he, therefore, who 
veara the lamb -skin as a 
badge of Masonrj, is thereby 
contJDiuilly reminded of that 
pnrity of life and eoDduct, 
which is essentially neces- 
sary to his gaining admission into the Celestial Lodge above, 
where tbe Supreme Architect of the TTniveise presides. 

THE THIRD SECTION. 

The third section explains the nature and principles of our 
constitution, and teaches us to dischai^e with propriety the 
duties of our respective stations. Here, too, we receive in- 
stmctiou relative to the form, tupporti, covering, furniture, 
amamtnlt, lighli and jeWfU of a Lodge, how it should be situ- 
ated, and to whom dedicated. A proper attention is also paid 
to our ancient and venerable patrons. 




EUTBBBD APPRBHT'CE. 




From east to West, Freemaeoarj esteods, and between the 
nortb &nd south, in every clime and nation, ate Maaoos to be 

Modern laTegtigstiaDs prove this usgrtiott to be well founded. 
ETeiy oiviliied land bas its I«dgee ; every Dalion posscMing the spark 
of liberty and religion, its treiUe-board of Ma«oaic secrets. 




Onr institution is said to be Hupported by WUdom, Strength 
and Beauty ; because it is necessary that there should be wit' 
dom to contrive, tfrtngth to support, and heauty to adorn all 
great and important undertakings. Its dimensions are nu- 
limited, and its covering no less than tbe canopy of heaven. 
To this^object the Mason's mind is continually directed, and 
thither he hopes at last to arrive, by the aid of the tbeologioal 




52 ENTZBZD APPBSHTICE. 

ladder, which Jacoh in his Tision saw aaceoding irom eard to 
heavea ; the three principal rojatd* of which are denomiDaled 
Faitk, Hope and Charily , and which admonish us to have 
faith in God, hope in immortality, and charity to all mankind. 
Every well governed Lodge wfttmithed 
I with the Holy Bible, the Square, and the 
Compau; the Bibh points out the path 
that leads to happiness and is dedicated to 
God; the Square teaches us to regulate onr 
induct by the principles of morality and 
TiTtae, and is dedicated to the Ma$Ur ; the Compcu* teaches 
US to limit oar desires in every station, and is dedicated to the 
Craft 

The Bihle is dedicated to the service of God, hecause it is 
the inestimable gift of God to man ; the Square to the Mas- 
ter, because, being the proper Masonic emblem of his office, it 
is constantly to remind him of the duty he owes to the Lodge 
over which he is appointed to preside ; and the Compass to 
the Craft, because by a dae attention to its use, they are 
taught to regulate their desires, and keep their passions within 
due bounds. 



The ornamental parts of a Lodge, displayed in this section, 
are, the Motaic pavement, the Indented tatel, and the Blazing 
tiar. The Mosaic pavetiitnl is a representation of the ground 
floor of king Solomon's temple ; the Indented tettel, that 
beautiful tesselated border, or skirting, which surrounded it; 
and the Blazing itar, in the center, Is commemorative of the 



THIRD SECTION. 



53 



star wbicli appeared, to guide the wise men of the east to the 
place of our Savior's nativity. The Mosaic pavement u em- 
blematic of human life, checkered with good and evil ; the 
Beautiful &orc2er which urrounds it, those blessings a d com- 
forts which surround us, and which we hope to obtain by a 
faithful reliance on Divine Providence, which is hieroglyphi- 
cally represented by the Blazing star in the center. 









The Movable and Immovable jewels also claim our atten- 
tion in this section. 

By the general usage the square, level and plumb are styled the 
immovable ieyreU, and this is in accordance with Webb's private instruc- 
tions. 






54 



ENTERED APPRENTICE. 




The Rough ashlar is a stone as taken 
from the qaarry in its mde and natural 
state. 




X 

^ 



The Perfect ashlar is a stone made ready 
by the hands of the workman to he adjusted 
by the tools of the Fellow-craft. 

The Trestle-board is [for the master workman to draw his 
designs upon. 



c 




r— i 



By the Rough ashlar^ we are reminded of our rude and 
imperfect state by nature ; by the Perfect ashlar, that state of 
perfection at which we hope to arrive, by a virtuous education, 
our own endeavors, and the blessing of God ; and by the 
TresiU-hoard, we are reminded, that as the operative workman 
erects his temporal building agreeably to the rules and designs 
laid down by the master on his trestle-board, so should we, 
both operative and speculative, endeavor to erect our spiritual 
building agreeably to the rules and designs laid down by the 
Supreme Architect of the Universe, in the book of life, which 
is our spiritual trestle-board. 




W 



Tf>^~ir>>. 




E 



By i recurrence to the chapter upon the dedication of 



THUD SECTION. 65 

Lodges, it T7ill be peroeiTed, that although our ancient breth- 
ren dedicated their Lodges to king Solomon, yet Masons pro- 
feseing Chrbtianity dedicate theirs to St. John the Baptist, 
and St. John the Evangelist, who were eminent patrons of 
Masonry; and since their time there is represented in every 
regular and well governed Lodge, a cer- 
tain Point vnthin a Circle; the Point rep- 
resenting an individual brother, the CireU 
representing the boundary line of his dutjr 
to God and man, beyond which he is never 
to suffer his passions, prejudices or interests 
to betray him on any occasion. This Circle 1 
ia embordered by two perpendicular par- 
allel lines, representing St. John the Bap- 
tist and St. John the Evangelist j who were 
perfect parallels, in Christianity as well as 
Masonry; and upon the vertex rests the book of Holy Sorip- 
tnrea, which point out the whole duty of man. In going 
round this circle, we necessarily touch npon these two lines, 
as well as npon the Holy Scriptures; and while a Mason 
keeps himself thus circumscribed, it is impossible that be 
should materially err. 

This section, though the last in rank, is not the least 
eousiderable in importance. It strengthens those which 
precede, and enforces, in the most engaging manner, a due 
regard to character and behavior, in public as well as in pri- 
vate life ; in the Lodge, aa well as in the general commerce of 
BOaety. 

It forcibly inculcates the most instructive lessons. Broth- 
erfy love. Belief, and Tntth, are themes on which we here 
expatiate. 



56 ENTXRXD APPRENTICE. 

OF BaOTHEBLT LOVE. 

By the eierciM of brotherly 
love, we are taught to regar 1 
the whole human apecies as 
one family, the high and low, 
the rich and poor; who, as 
created by one Almighty Pa- 
rent, and inhabitants of the 
Bame planet, are to aid, sup- 
port and protect each other. On this principle. Masonry 
unites men of every country, sect, and opinion, and concili- 
ates true friendship among those who might otherwise have 
remained at a perpetual distance. 

OF BELIEF. 

To relieve the distressed, 
is a duty incumbent on all 
men; but particularly on 
Masons, who arc linked to- 
gether by an indissoluble 
chain of sincere affection. 
To soothe the unhappy, to 
sjmpathiEe with their mis- 
fortnneB, to compassionate 
their miseries, and to re- 
store peace to their troabled minds, is the grand aim we have 
in view. On this basis we form onr fHendsbips, and establish 
our connections. 

OP TRUTH. 

Truth is a divine attri- 
bute, and the foundation 
of every virtue. To be 
good and true, is the first 
lesson we are tauglR in 
Ma.tonry. On this theme 



TBIBD 8E0TI0H. 57 

we contemplate, and bj its dictates endeavor to regulate our 
eonduct. Hence, while influenced by this principle, hypocrisy 
and deceit are unknown among ub, sincerity and plain deal- 
ing distinguish ua, and the heart and tongue join in pro- 
moting each other's welfare, and rejoicing in each other's 
prosperity. 

To Ibis illastration succeeds an explanation of the four 
cardinal virtues — temperance, fortitude, prudence and justice. 

Thii order of Brrangmg the cardioal Tirtu«s while it ia the oldest 
in Masonic uae, ia also the moat conTcoient. They are found, howafer, 
ID the Apocryphal B<iaka of the audom of Solvman, Ch. 8, Y. T, ia the 
Older of Tempersnce, Prudence, Juatice and Fortitude. 



OP TEMPERANCE, 

Temperance is that dnc restraint upon our 38*0011003 and 
passions, which rooders the body taine and governable, and 
frees the mind from the allurements of vice. This virtue 
should be the constant prnctiec of every Mason, as ho is thereby 
taught to avoid excess, or contracting any licentions or vici- 
ous habit, the indulgence of which might lead him to disclose 



58 BNT£B£D AfPRENTIOE. 

some of those yaluable secrets^, whicli be has promised to con- 
ceal and never reveal, and which would consequently subject 
him to the contempt and detestation of all good MaAons. 

9K ^5 ^^ *^ ^^ w^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^* 

It will be seen that there is no injunction that would authorize the 
votaries of Masonry to make it a total abttmenee Temperance Society^ aa 
some haye attempted to do. 

OP FORTITUDE. 

Fortitude is that noble and steady purpose of the mind, 
whereby we are enabled to undergo any pain, peril or danger, 
when prudentially deemed expedient. This virtue is equally 
distant from rashness and cowardice; and, like the former, 
should be deeply impressed upon the mind of every Mason, 
as a safeguard or security against any illegal attack that may 
be made, by force or otherwise, to extort from Inm any of 
those secrets with which he has been so solemnly entrusted : 
and which was emblematically represented upon his first ad- 
mission into the Lodge. 

OF PRUDENCE. 

Prudence teaches us to regulate our lives and actions agree- 
ably to the dictates of reason, and is that habit by which we 
wisely judge, and prudentially determine, on all things rela- 
tive to our present, as well as to our future happiness. This 
virtue should be the peculiar characteristic of every Mason, 
not only for the government of his conduct while in the 
Lodge, but also when abroad in the world : it should be par- 
ticularly attended to in all strange and mixed companies, 
never to let fall the least sign, token or word, whereby the 
secrets of Masonry might be unlawfully obtained. 

********* 4c 

OP JUSTICE. 

Justice is that standard, or boundary, of right, which enables 



OHARGE. 59 

US to render to every man his jnst due, without distinction. 
This virtue is not only consistent with Divine and human 
laws, but is the very cement and support of civil society; and, 
as justice in a great measure constitutes the real good man, 
so should it be the invariable practice of every Mason never 
to deviate from the minutest principles thereof. 

*^^^ ^J^ ^^^ ^A^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^A^ ^^^ 

^^^ ^^^ ^1^ ^1^ ^l^ ^^^ ^W^ ^1^ ^^^ 

The illustration of these virtues is accompanied with some 
general observations peculiar to Masons. 






The illustration of Masonic Sermee^ viz. : freedom, fervency and zeal 
was a part of Webb's system of lectures. 

*^^p ^^f ^^0 ^^p ^^ ^0 ^ftf ^^ 4^ 

^^g^ ^w^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^T^ ^^^^ 

Such is the arrangement of the different sections in the first 
lecture, which, with the forms adopted at the opening and 
closing of a Lodge, comprehends the whole of the first degree 
of Masonry. This plan has the advantage of res^ularity to 
recommend it, the support of precedent and authority, and 
the sanction and respect which flow from antiquity. The 
whole is a regular system of morality, conceived in a strain 
of interesting allegory, which must unfold its beauties to the 
candid and industrious inquirer. 

For closing Odes in this Degree see the Appendix. 

Charge at Initiation into the Firat Degree, 

Brother, — As you are now introduced into the first prin- 
ciples of Masonry, I congratulate you on being accepted into 
this ancient and honorable Order ; ancient, as having subsisted 



60 ENTERED APPRENTICE. 

from time immemorial ; and honorable, as tending, in every 
particular, so to render all men who will he conformable to 
its precepts. No institution was ever raised on a better prin- 
ciple, or more solid foundation ; nor were ever more excellent 
rules and useful maxims laid down, than are inculcated in the 
several Masonic lectures. The greatest and best of men in 
all ages have been encouragers and promoters of the art, and 
have never deemed it derogatory from their dignity to level 
themselves with the fraternity, extend their privileges, and 
patronize their assemblies. 

There are three great duties, which, as a Mason, you are 
charged to inculcate — to God^ your neighbor, and yourself. 
To God, in never mentioning his name, but with that rever- 
ential awe which is due from a creature to his Creator ; to im- 
plore his aid in all your laudable undertakings, and to esteem 
him as the chief good : to your neighbor, in acting upon the 
square, and doing unto him as you wish he should do unto 
you : and to yourself, in avoiding all irregularity and intem- 
perance, which may impair your faculties, or debase the dig- 
nity of your profession. A zealous attachment to these duties 
will insure public and private esteem. 

In the State, you are to be a quiet and peaceful subject, true 
to your government, and just to your country ; you are not 
to countenance disloyalty or rebellion, but patiently submit 
to legal authority, and conform with cheerfulness to the gov- 
ernment of the country in which you live. 

In your outward demeanor be particularly careful to avoid 
censure or reproach. Let not interest, favor, or prejudice, 
bias your integrity, or influence you to be guilty of a dishon- 
orable action. Although your freqifent appearance at our 
regular meetings is earnestly solicited, yet it is not meant that 
Masonry should interfere with your necessary vocations ; for 
these are on no account to be neglected : neither are you to 
suffer your zeal for the institution to lead you into argument 



CHAEGE. 61 

witli those who, through ignorance, may ridicule it. At your 
leisare hours, that you may improve in Masonic knowledge, 
you are to converse with well informed brethren, who will 
be always as ready to give, as you will be ready to receiye 
instruction. 

Finally ; keep sacred and inviolable the mysteries of the 
Order, as these are to distinguish you from the rest of the 
community, and mark your consequence among Maions. If, 
in the circle of your acquaintance, you find a person desirous 
of being initiated into Masonry, be particularly attentive not 
to recommend him, unless you are convinced he will conform 
to our rules; that the honor, glory, and reputation of the 
institution may be firmly established, and the world at large 
convinced of its good effects. 

As the materials for the increase of the Lodge are examined and 
passed npon in the Master* s Lodge only, this injunction can only be pros- 
pectiTely necessary here. The rules of examining materials!, however, 
are entirely exoteric, and may be understood as readily by an Entered 
Apprentice as a Master Mason. See the Ancient ChargeSj Chapters iii. 
and IT. 

In the first edition, or that of 1797, this Charge at Initiation contains 
various injunctions subsequently omitted. A few of these are deemed 
worthy of introduction here. "Above all, practice benevolence and 
charity, for by these virtues Masons have been distinguished in every 
age and country. The inconceivable pleasure of contributing toward 
the relief of our fellow-creatures, is truly experienced by persons of a 
humane disposition, who are naturally excited by sympathy to extend 
their aid in allcTiation of the miseries of others. This encourages the 
generous Mason to distribute his bounty with cheerfulness. Supposing 
himself in the situation of an unhappy sufferer, he listens to his com- 
plaints with attention, bewails his misfortunes, and speedily relieves his 
distress.'^ 

*'The next object of your attention is our excellent Constitutions. 
These contain the history of Masonry, from the earliest periods, and the 
laws and charges by whiwh the brethren have been long governed." 



BEHABS8 ON THE SECOND DEOREE. 



-Ife^J 




CHAPTER IX. 

BEUARKB ON THE SECOND SEOBSE. 

Masonry is a progressive science, and is divided into dif- 
ferent classeB or degrees, for the more regular advancement In 
tlie knowledge of its mysteries. According to the progress 
we make, we limit or extend our inquiries ; and in proportion 
to oar capacity, we attain to a less or greater degree of per- 
fection. 

No person on anj consideration or nnd«r any emergenc; ahonld be 
allowed to adraDce from the Checkered Pavement to the Middle Chamber 
until he is proficient in the ceremonj and lecture of the degree he haa 
taken. A fair proficiency consista in memorizing the Gnt two Sections 
of the Lecture, but a thorough proficiency in committing Iha three Soc- 
tioni to memory, learning to open and clote the Lodge and confer the 



B7HABKS ON THE SECOND DEGREE. 63 

dej^ree of Entered Apprentice. Were this required, our Lodges would 
soon abound in well-informed Craftsmen fit for the Master's use 

fiy general usage an interyal of one month or more, is required be- 
tween the first and second degrees. 

Masonry includes within its circle almost every branch of 
polite learning. Under the veil of its mysteries is compre- 
hended a regular system of science. Many of its illjetrations, 
to the confined genius, may appear unimportant ; butthe man 
of more enlarged faculties will perceive them to be, in the 
highest degree, useful and interesting. To please the accom- 
plished scholar, and ingenious artist, Masonry is wisely plan- 
ned; and, in the investigation of its latent doctrines, the 
philosopher and mathematician may experience equal delight 
and satisfaction. 

To exhaust the various subjects of which it treats, would 
transcend the powers of the brightest genius ; still, however, 
nearer approaches to perfection may be made, and the man 
of wisdom will not check the progress of his abilities, though 
the task he attempts may at first seem insurmountable. Per- 
severance and application remove each difiiculty as it occurs; 
every step he advances, new pleasures open to his view, and 
instruction of the noblest kind attends his researches. In the 
diligent pursuit of knowledge, the intellectual faculties are 
employed in promoting the glory of God, and the good of 
man. 

The first degree is well calculated to enforce the duties of 
morality^ and imprint on the memory the noblest principles 
which can adorn the human mind. It is, therefore, the best 
introduction to the second degree, which not only extends the 
same plan, but comprehends a more diffusive system of knowl- 
edge, 

A conrenient formula for this is thus given : in the First Degree we 
are taught Morality, in the Second Science, in the Third Religion. The 



64 REMARKS ON THE SECOND DEOREE. 

instruction to the Entered Apprentice is directed to the heart; to the 
Fellow-craft to the intellect; to the Master Mason to the »ouL 

Here practice and theory join, in qualifying the industrious 
Mason to share the pleasures which an advancement in the art 
mu^t necessarily afford. Listening with attention to the wise 
opinion of experience ' Craftsmen on important subjects, he 
gradually familiarizes his mind to useful instruction, and is 
soon enabled to investigate truths of the utmost concern in 
the general transactions of life. 

From this system proceeds a rational amusement; while the 
mental powers ace fully employed, the judgment is properly 
exercised. A spirit of emulation prevails ; and all are induced 
to vie who shall most excel in promoting the valuable rules of 
the institution. 

Appropriate Odes for opening the Lodge of Fellow-crafts are giyen 
in the Appendix. 

THE FIRST SECTION. 

The first section of the second degree accurately elucidates 
the mode of introduction into that particular class; and in- 
structs the diligent Craftsman how to proceed in the proper 
arrangement of the ceremonies used on the occasion. It 
qualifies him to judge of their importance, and convinces him 
of the necessity of strictly adhering to every established usage 
of the Order. Here he is entrusted with particular tests, to 
enable him to prove his title to the privileges of this degree, 
while satisfactory reasons are given for their origin. Many 
duties, which cement in the firmest union well informed breth- 
ren, are illustrated in this section; and an opportunity is 
given to make such advances in Masonry, as will always dis- 
tinguish the abilities of those who have arrived at preferment. 
The knowledge of this .section is absolutely necessary for all 
Craf^men ; and as it recapitulates the ceremony of initiation, 



SECOND SBOnON. 



and contains many other important partionlara, no < 
member of a Lodge ehonld be anacqnainted with it. 



r 



The PLCMB, SQUARE, and level, those noble and useful 
implements of a Fetlow-craft; are here introdnced and mor- 
alized, and serve as a constant admonition to the practjee of 
virtue and morality. 

The Plumb is an instrument made use of by operative ma- 
BODH, to raise perpendiculars, the Square, to square their work, 
and the i>tiel, to lay horizontals; but we, as Free and Accepted 
Masons, are taught to malce use of them for more noble and 
glorious pnrposes: the P/umJ admonishes us to walk uprightly 
in our sereral stations before God and man, squaring our 
actions by the Square of virtue, and remembering that we are 
traveling upon the Level of time, to " that undiscovered 
country, irom whose bourne no traveler returns." 

Sae Uie Appendix for Ode, >■ Tkt Emblem* </ the Ora/l," in which * 
practical appUcatioB of th$M emblems is made. 

THE SECOND SECTION. 
The second section of this degree has recourse to the ori- 
gin of the institution, and views Masonry under two denomi- 
nations, operative and wprculative. These are separately 
considered, and the principles on which both are fonnded, 
particularly explained. Their affinity is pointed out by alle- 
gorical figures, and typical representations. The period stip- 
ulated for rewarding merit is fixed, and the inimitable moral 
7 



66 FKLLOW CRAFT. 

to which that circumstance alludes is explained. The crea- 
tion of the world is descrihed, and many particulars recited, 
all of which have been carefully preserved among Masons, 
and transmitted from one age to another, by oral tradition. 

Circumstances of great importance to the fraternity are here 
particularized, and many traditional tenets and customs con- 
firmed by sacred and profane record. The celestial and ter- 
restrial globes are considered ; and here the accomplished 
gentleman may display his talents to advantage in the eluci- 
dation of the Orders of Architecture^ the Senses of human 
nature, and the liberal Arts and ScienceSy which are severally 
classed in a regular arrangement. In short, this section con- 
tains a store of valuable knowledge, founded on reason and 
»:icred record, both entertaining and instructive. 

It is not desirable, in this portion of the Masonic Lecture, that anj 
set forms of words should be employed. The Brother whose duty it is 
to moralize upon the Winding Stairway, is expected to draw upon his 
intellectual resources to their fullest extent. Large accessions to this 
part of Masonry may be derived from *^ The Historical Landmarks of 
Masonry" (U. M. L. Vol. XL and XIL). 

Masonry is considered under two denominations; Opera- 
1 ve and Spectdafive. 

OPERATIVE MASONRY. 

By Operative Masonry we allude to a proper application of 
the useful rules of architecture, whence a structure will derive 
figure, strength and beauty, and whence will result a due pro- 
portion, and a just correspondence in all its parts. It fur- 
nishes us with dwellings, and convenient shelter from the 
vicissitudes and inclemencies of seasons ] and while it displays 
the effects of human wisdom, as well in the choice, as in the 
arrangement, of the sundry materials of which an edifice is 
composed, it demonstrates that a fund of science and indus- 



SECOND SECTION. 67 

try is implanted in man for the best, most salutary and benef- 
icent purposes. 

SPECULATIVE MASONRT. 

Bj speculative Masonry^ we learn to subdue the passions, 
act upon the square, keep a tongue of good report, maintain 
secresy, and practice charity. It is so far interwoven with 
religion, as to lay us under obligations to pay that rational 
homage to the Deity, which at once constitutes our duty and 
our happiness. It leads the contemplative to view with rever- 
ence and admiration the glorious works of the creation, and 
inspires him with the most exalted ideas of the perfections of 
his Divine Creator. 

In six days God created the heavens and the earth, and 
rested upon the seventh day ; the seventh, therefore, our 
ancient brethren consecrated as a day of n^st from their labors, 
thereby enjoying frequent opportunities to contemplate the 
glorious works of the creation, and to adore their great 
Creator. 

The doctrine of the spheres is included in the science of 
astronomy, and particularly considered in this section. 

m^ ^^ ^^ ^1^ ^^ m^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^0 ^^ 

T* ^^ ^* ^^ ^P ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^p ^p 

OF THE GLOBES. 

The globes are two artificial spherical bodies on the convex 
surface of which are represented the countries, seAs, and vari- 
ous parts of the earth, the face of the heavens, the planetary 
revolutions, and other particulars. 

The sphere, with the parts of the earth delineated on its 
surface, is called the terrestrial globe ; and that with the con- 
Btellations, and other heavenly bodies, the celestial globe. 

THE USE OF THE GLOBES. 

Their principal use, beside serving as maps to distinguish 
the outward parts of the earth, and the situation of the fixed 



FELLOW CRAFT. 



Stars, is to illustrate and explain the plieDomeiia arieiog from 
the ananal revolution, and the dturoal rotatioD, of the earth 
round its onn axiit. They are the Doblest instrumeats for 



improving the mind, and giving it the moat distinct ideft of 
any problem or proposition, as well as enabling it to solve the 
same. Contemplating these bodies, we are inspired withadae 
reverence for the Deity and his works, and are induced to 
encourage the studies of astronomy, geography, navigation, 
and the arts dependent on them, by which society has been 
BO uuch benefited. 

The orders of architecture come under consideration in thia 
section; a brief description of them may therefore not be 
improper. 



70 FELLOW CRAFT. 



OF ORDBE IN J 

By order in architecture, is meant a BjaWm of all the roem- 
bers, proportions and ornament* of columns and pilasters ; 
or, it is a regular arrangement of the projecting parte of a 
building, which, united with those of a column, form a beauti- 
ful, perfect and complete whole. 

OP ITS ANTIQCITT. 

From the first formation of society, order io architecture 
may be traced. When the rigor of seasons obliged men to 
contrive shelter from the inclemency of the weather, we learn 
that they first planted trees on end, and then laid others 
across, to support a covering. The bands which connected 
those tree at the top and bottom, are said to have given rioo 
to the idea of the base and capital of pillars ; and from this 
simple hint originally proceeded the more improved art of 
architecture. 

The five orders are thus classed: the Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, 
Corinthian, and Composite. 



SECOND SECTION. 71 

THE TUSCAN. 

It is the most simple and solid of the five orders. It was 
invented in Tuscany, whence it derived its name. Its col- 
umn is seven diameters high ; and its capital, base and entab- 
lature have but few moldings. The simplicity of the con- 
struction of this column renders it eligible where ornament 
would be superfluous. 

THE DORIC, 

Which is plain and natural, is the most ancient, and was 
invented by the Greeks. Its column is eight diameters high, 
and has seldom any ornaments on base or capital, except 
moldings ; though the frieze is distinguished by trigljphs and 
metopes, and triglyphs compose the ornaments of the frieze. 
The solid composition of this order gives it a preference in 
structures where strength and a noble simplicity are chiefly 
required. 

The Doric is the best proportioned of all the orders. The 
several parts of which it is composed are founded on the 
natural position of solid bodies. In its first invention it was 
more simple than in its present state. In after times, when it 
began to be adorned, it gained the name of Doric ; for when 
it was constructed in its primitive and simple form, the name 
of Tuscan was conferred on it. Hence the Tuscan precedes 
the Doric in rank, on account of its resemblance to that pillar 
in its original state. 

THE IONIC 

Bears a kind of mean proportion between the more solid 
and delicate orders. Its column is nine diameters high ; its 
capital is adorned with volutes, and its cornice has dentals. 
There is both delicacy and ingenuity displayed in this pillar ; 
the invention of which is attributed to the lonians, a i the 
famous temple of Diana at Ephesns was of this order. It is 
said to have been formed after the model of an agroo.iMc 



72 FELLOW CRAFT. 

young woman, of an elegant shape, dressed in her hair ; as a 
contrast to the Doric order, which was formed after that of a 
strong, rohust man. 

THE CORINTHIAN, 

The richest of the five orders, is deemed a masterpiece of 
art. Its column is ten diameters high, and its capital is 
adorned with two rows of leaves, and eight volutes, which 
sustains the abacus. The frieze is ornamented with curious 
devices, the cornice with dentals and modillions. This order 
is used in stately and superb structures. 

OF THE INVENTION OF THIS ORDER. 

It was invented at Corinth, by Gallimachus, who is said to 
have taken the hint of the capital of this pillar from the fol- 
lowing remarkable circumstances. Accidentally passing by 
the tomb of a young lady, he perceived a basket of toys, cov- 
ered with a tile, placed over an acanthus root, having been 
left there by her nurse. As the branches grew up, they en- 
compassed the basket, till, arriving at the tile, they met with 
an obstruction, and bent downward. Gallimachus, struck 
with the object, set about imitating the figure ; the vase of the 
capital he made to represent the basket ; the abacus the tile ; 
and the volutes the bending leaves. 

THE COMPOSITE 

Is compounded of the other orders, and was contrived by 
the Bomans. Its capital has the two rows of leaves of the 
Corinthian, and the volutes of the Ionic. Its column has 
the quarter-round as the Tuscan and Doric order, is ten 
diameters high, and its cornice has dentals, or simple modil- 
lions. This pillar is generally found in buildings where 
strength, elegance and beauty are displayed. 

OF THE INVENTION OF ORDER IN ARCHITECTURE. 

The ancient and original orders of architecture, revered by 
Masons, are no more than three, the Doric, Ionic, and Coa* 



SECOND SECTION. 73 

INTHIAN, which were inyented hy the Greeks. To these the 
Romans have added two : the Tuscan, which they made plainer 
than the Doric ; and the Composite, which was more orna- 
mental, if not more heantiful, than the Corinthian. The first 
three orders alone, however, shew invention and particular 
character, and essentially differ from each other : the two others 
having nothing but what is borrowed, and differ only acci- 
dentally : the Tuscan is the Doric in its earliest state; and the 
Composite is the Corinthian enriched with the Ionic. To the 
Greeks, therefore, and not to the Bomans, we are indebted for 
what is great, judicious and distinct in architecture. 

OF THE FIVE SENSES OF HUMAN NATURE. 

An analysis of the human faculties is next given in this 
section, in which the five external senses particularly claim 
attention : these are, hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling and 
tasting. 

HEABINQ 

Is that sense by which we distinguish sounds, and are 
capable of enjoying all the agreeable charms of music. By 
it we are enabled to enjoy the pleasures of society, and reci- 
procally to communicate to each other our thoughts and 
intentions, our purposes and desires ; while thus our reason is 
capable of exerting its utmost power and energy. 

The wise and beneficent Author of Nature intended, by 
the formation of this sense, that we should be social creatures, 
and receive the greatest and most important part of our knowl- 
edge by the information of others. For these purposes we 
are endowed with hearing, that, by a proper exertion of our 
natural powers, our happiness may be complete. 

SEEING 

Is that sense by which we distinguish objects, and in an 
instant of time, without change of place or situation, view 



74 FELLOW CEAFT. 

armies in battle array, figures of the most stately structures, 
and all the agreeable variety displayed in the landscape of 
nature. By this sense we find our way in the pathless ocean, 
traverse the globe of earth, determine its figure and dimen- 
sions, and delineate any region or quarter of it.. By it we 
measure the planetary orbs, and make new discoveries in the 
sphere of the fixed stars. Nay, more : by it we perceive the 
tempers and dispositions, the passions and affections, of our 
fellow creatures, when they wish most to conceal them ; so that 
though the tongue may be taught to lie and dissemble, the 
countenance would display hypocrisy to the discerning eye. 
In fine, the rays of light which administer to this sense, are 
the most astonishing parts of the animated creation, and 
render the eye a peculiar object of admiration. 

Of all the faculties, sight is the noblest. The structure of 
the eye, and its appurtenances, evinces the admirable contri- 
vance of nature for performing all its various external and 
internal motions; while the variety disj)layed in the eyes of 
different animals, suited to their several ways of life, clearly 
demonstrates this organ to be the masterpiece of nature's work. 

PEELING 

Is that sense by which we distinguish the different qualities 
of bodies ; such as heat and cold, hardness and softness, rough- 
ness and smoothness, figure, solidity, motion, and extension. 

These three senses, hearing, seeing, and feeling, are 
deemed peculiarly essential among Masons. 

:1c H: ^ :^ 'Jii ^p, 

SMELLING 

Is that sense by which we distinguish odors, the various 
kinds of which convey different impressions to the mind. 
Animal and vegetable bodies, and indeed most other bodies, 
while exposed to the air, continually send forth effluvia of vast 
subtil ty, as well in the state of life and growth, as in the 
state of fermentation and putrefaction.^ These effluvia, being 



SECOND SECTION. 75 

drawn into the nostrils along with the air, are the means hy 
which all bodies are smelled. Hence it is eyideot, that there 
is a manifest appearance of design in the great Creator's hav- 
ing planted the organ of smell in the inside of that canal, 
through which the air continually passes in respiration. 

TASTING 

Enables us to make a proper distinction in the choice of 
our food. The organ of this sense guards the entrance of the 
alimentary canal, as that of smelling guards the entrance of 
the canal for respiration. From the situation of both these 
organs, it is plain that they were intended by nature to dis- 
tinguish wholesome food from that which is nauseous. Every 
thing that enters into the stomach must undergo the scrutiny 
of tasting; and by it we are capable of discerning the changes 
which the same body undergoes in the di£ferent compositions 
of art, cookery, chemistry, pharmacy, etc. 

Smelling and tasting are inseparably connected, and it is 
by the unnatural kind of life men commonly lead in society, 
that these senses are rendered less fit to perform their natural 
offices. 

On the mind all our knowledge must depend ; what, there- 
fore, can be a more proper subject for the investigation of 
Masons? By anatomical dissection and observation, we be- 
come acquainted with the body; but it is by the anatomy of 
the mind alone we discover its powers and principles. 

To sum up the whole of this transcendent measure of God's 
bounty to man, we shall add, that memory, imagination, taste, 
reasoning, moral perception, and all the active powers of the 
soul, present a vast and boundless field for philosophical dis- 
quisition, which far exceed human inquiry, and are peculiar 
mysteries, known only to nature, and to nature's God, to whom 
we and all are indebted for creation, preservation, and every 
blessing we enjoy. 



76 PBLLOW CRAPT. 

OF THE SEVEN LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES. 

The seven liberal Arts and Sciences are next illustrated 
in this section : it may not, therefore, be improper to insert 
here a short explanation of them. 

The /uU explanation, with their Masonic applications, are conyejed 
in the lectures of the enlightened Master, whose mind is stored with 
knowledge, and whose experience has shown him the readiest method of 
directing it. 

GRAMHAR. 

Grammar teaches the proper arrangement of words, accord- 
ing to the idiom or dialect of any particular people ; and that 
excellency of pronunciation, which enables us to speak or 
write a language with accuracy, agreeably to reason and cor- 
rect usage. 

RHETORIC. 

Rhetoric teaches us to speak copiously and fluently on any 
subject, not merely with propriety alone, but with all the 
advantages of force and elegance; wisely contriving to capti- 
vate the hearer by strength of argument and beauty of ex- 
pression, whether it be to entreat and exhort, to admonish or 
applaud. 

LOGIC. 

Logic teaches us to guide our reason discretionally in the 
general knowledge of things, and directs our inquiries after 
truth. It consists of a regular train of argument, whence we 
infer, deduce, and conclude, according to certain premises laid 
down, admitted, or granted; and in it are employed the facul- 
ties of conceiving, judging, reasoning, and disposing ; all of 
which are naturally led on from one gradation to another, till 
ihe point in question is finally determined. 

ARITHMETIC. 

Arithmetic teaches the powers and properties of numbers 
which is variously effected, by letters, tables, figures and 
instruments. By this art, reasons and demonstrations are 



SECOND SECTION. 77 

given, for. finding out any certain number, whose. relation or 
affinity to another is already known or discovered. 

GEOMETRY. 

Greometry treats of the powers and properties of magnitudes 
in general, where length, breadth, and thickness, are con- 
sidered, from a point to a line, from a line to a superficies, and 
ft-om a superficies to a solid. 

A point is a dimensionlcss figure ; or an indivisible part of 
space. 

A line is a point continued, and a figure of one capacity, 
namely, length. 

A superficies is a figure of two dimensions, namely, length 
and breadth. 

A solid is a figure of three dimensions, namely, length, 
breadth, and thickness. 

OF THE ADVANTAGES OF GEOMETRY. 

By this science, the architect is enabled to construct his 
plans, and execute his designs ; the general to arrange his 
soldiers; the engineer to mark out ground for encamp- 
ments; the geographer to give us the dimensions of the 
world, and all things therein contained, to delineate the 
extent of seas, and specify the divisions of empires, kingdoms 
and provinces. By it, also, the astronomer is enabled to 
make his observations, and to fix the duration of times and 
seasons, years and cycles. In fine, geometry is the foundation 
of architecture, and the root of the mathematics. 

MUSIC. 

Music teaches the art of forming concords, so as to com- 
pose delightful harmony, by a mathematical and proportional 
arrangement of acute, grave and mixed sounds. This art, by 
a series of experiments, is reduced to a demonstrative science, 
with respect to tones, and the intervals of sound. It inquires 



78 FELLOW CBAFT. 

into the nature of concords and discords, and enables ub to 
find out tho proportion between them bj numbers. 

ASTRONOMY. 

Astronomy is that divino art, by which we are taught to 
read the wisdom, strength and beauty of the Almighty Cre- 
ator, in thoBe sacred pages, the celestial hemiephcre. Assisted 
by astronomy, we can observe the motions, measure the dis- 
tances, comprehend the magnitudes, and calculate the periods 
and eclipses, of the heavenly bodies. By it we learn the use 
of the globes, the system of the world, and the preliminary 
law of nature. While we are employed in the study of this 
science, nc must perceive unparalleled instances of wisdom 
and goodness, and, through the whole creation, trace tho 
glorioiiH Author by his works. 



SECONP SSCTION. 



or THE HOBAL ADVANTAGES OF OEOMETBT. 

From thU tlicme we proceed to illustrate the moral advan- 
Isgei of Geometry ; a sabject on which the following obaerra- 
tioni may not bo nnicceptoble : * 



80 FELLOW CRAFT. 

Geometry, the first and noblest of sciences, is the basis on 
which the superstructure of Masonry is erected. By geome- 
try, we may curiously trace nature, through her various wind- 
ings, to her most concealed recesses. By it, we discover the 
power, the wisdom, and the goodness of the Grand Artificer 
of the Universe, and view with delight the proportions which 
connect this vast machine. By it we discover how the planets 
move in their different orbits, and demonstrate their various 
revolutions. By it we account for the return of seasons, and 
the variety of scenes which each season displays to the dis- 
cerning eye. Numberless worlds are around us, all framed 
by the same Divine artist, which roll through the vast ex- 
panse, and are all conducted by the same unerring law of 
nature. 

A survey of nature, and the observations of her beautiful 
proportions, first determined man to imitate the Divine plan, 
and study symmetry and order. This gave rise to societies, 
and birth to every useful art. The architect began to design, 
and the plans which he laid down, being improved by expe- 
rience and time, have produced works which are the admira- 
tion of every age. 

The lapse of time, the ruthless hand of ignorance, and the 
devastations of war, have laid waste and destroyed many val- 
uable monuments of antiquity, on which the utmost exertions 
of human genius have been employed. Even the Temple of 
Solomon, so spacious and magnificent, and constructed by so 
many celebrated artists, escaped not the unsparing ravages of 
barbarous force. Freemasonry, notwithstanding, has still 
survived. The attentive ear receives the sound from the instruc- 
tive tongue, and the mysteries of Masonry are safely lodged in 
the repository of faithful breasts. Tools and implements of 
architecture are selected by the fraternity, to imprint on the 
memory wise and serious truths ; and thus, through a sac- 



SECOND SECTION. 81 

cefision of ages, are transmitted unimpaired tlie excellent 
tenets of onr institntion. 

*^^« ^^m ^^P ^^0 ^^P 

^^* ^^* ^^^ ^^1 ^^1 

Thus end tlie two sections of the second lecture, which, 
with the ceremony used at opening and closing the Lodge, 
comprehend the whole of the second degree of Masonry. 
This lecture contains a regular system of science, demonstra- 
ted on the clearest principles, and established on the firmest 
foundation. 

For closing Odes suitable to this Degree, see the Appendix. 
CHARGE AT INITIATION INTO THE SECOND DEGREE. 

Brother : — ^Being advanced to the second degree of Ma- 
sonry, we congratulate you on your preferment. The inter- 
nal, and not the external qualifications of a man, are what 
Masonry regards. As you increase in knowledge, you will 
improve in social intercourse. 

It is unnecessary to recapitulate the duties which as a 
Mason you are bound to discharge ; or enlarge on the neces- 
sity of a strict adherence to them, as your own experience 
must have established their value. 

Our laws and regulations you are strenuously to support ; 
and be always ready to assist in seeing them duly executed. 
You are not to palliate, or aggravate, the offenses of your 
brethren ; but, in the decision of every trespass against our 
rules, you are to judge with candor, admonish with friendship, 
and reprehend with justice. 

The decision of all cases of discipline is left hj general usage to 
MaaUri Lodges alone. 

The study of the liberaj arts, that valuable branch of edu- 
cation which tends so effectually to polish and adorn the mind, 
is earnestly recommended to your consideration; especially 
8 



82 FELLOW GRAFT. 

the science of geometry, whicli is established as the basis of 
our art. Geometry, or Masonry, originally synonymous terms, 
being of a divine and moral nature, is enriched with the most 
useful knowledge ; while it proves the wondeiful properties 
of nature, it demonstrates the more important truths of 

morality. 

Your past behavior and regular deportment have merited 
the honor which we have now conferred; and in your new 
character it is expected that you will conform to the princi- 
ples of the Order, by steadily persevering in the practice of 
every commendable virtue. 

Such is the nature of your engagements as a Fellow-craft, 
and to these duties you are bound by the most sacred ties. 

In the first edition, that of 1797, the following injanctions were added: 
" All regular signs and summonses, given and receiyed, you are dulj to 
honor and punctually to ohey, inasmuch as they consist with our pro- 
fessed principles. You are to supply the wants and relieve the necessi- 
ties of your brethren to the utmost of your power and ability, and on 
no account are you to wrong them or to see them wronged, but apprise 
them of approaching danger, and view their interests as inseparable 
from your own." 

" In our private assemblies, as a Craftsman, you may offer your senti- 
ments and opinions on such subjects as are regularly introduced in the 
Lecture. By this privilege you may improve your intellectual powers, 
qualify yourself to become a useful member of society, and like a skill- 
ftil Brother strive to excel in every thing that is good and great." 



THE THIRD DEOREE. 83 

CHAPTER X. 

REMARKS ON THE THIRD DEGREE. 

From this class the rulers of regular bodies of Masons, in 
the first three degrees, are selected ; as it is only from those 
"who are capable of giving instruction, that we can properly 
expect to receive it. The lecture of this degree, considered 
separately from the duties and ceremonies appertaining to the 
degree of Presiding or Past Master, is divided into three 
sections. 

For appropriate odes to the opening of the Lodge of Master Masons, 
see Appendix. 

No person should be allowed to advance from the Middle Chamber 
to the Holy of Holies until he is proficient in the last degree. A faxr 
proficiencj consists in committing the first section of the lecture, but a 
ikonrngh proficiency in committing the whole to memory, learning to 
open and close the Lodge, and to confer the degree of Fellow-craft. 

By general usage an interral of one month or more is required 
between the second and third degrees. 

THE FIB8T SECTION. 

The ceremony of initiation into the third degree is particu- 
larly specified in this branch of the lecture, and here many 
other useful instructions are given. 

Such is the importance of this section, that we may safely 
declare, that the person who is unacquainted with it, is illy 
qualified to act as a ruler or governor of the work. 

3*he following passage of Scripture is introduced during the 
ceremonies : 

BCCLUIASTIS, zil : 1—7. 

"Bemember now thy Creator in the days of thy youth, 
while the evil days come not, nor the years draw nigh, when 
ihou shalt say, I have no pleasure in them ; while the sun, or 
the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the 
clouds return after the rain : in the day when the keepers of 
8 



84 UA8TEB UASOK. 

the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow them- 
selves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those 
that look out of the windows be darkened, and the doors shall 
be shut in the streets, when the sound of the grinding is low, 
and he ehall rise up at the voice of the bird, and all the 
daughters of music Bhall be brought low; also when th6y 
shall be afraid of that which is high, and fears shall be in the 
way, and the almond tree shall flourish, and the grasshopper 
shall be a burden, and desire shall fail : because man goeth to 
his long home, and the mourners go about the streets : or ever 
the silver cord be loosed, or the golden bowl be broken, or the 
pitcher be broken at the fountain, or the wheel broken at the 
cistern. Then shall the dust return to the earth as it was : 
and the spirit shall return unto God who gave it." 




DSOTHIKLT LOTB. 




SECOND SECTION. 85 

The vxyrking took of a Master Mason, which are illustrated 
in this section, are all the implements of Masonry indiscrim- 
inately, hut more especially the trowel. 

The TROWEL is an instrument made 
use of by operative masons, to spread 
the cement which unites a building 
into one common mass \ but we, as Free and Accepted Masons, 
are taught to make use of it for the more noble and glorious 
purpose of spreading the cement of 3roiherly love and affec- 
tion ; that cement which unites us into one sacred band, or 
society of friends and brothers, among whom no contention 
should ever exist, but that noble contention, or rather emula- 
tion, of who best can work, or best agree. 

THE SECOND SECTION. 

This section recites the historical traditions of the Order, 
and presents to view a finished picture, of the utmost conse- 
quence to the fraternity. It exemplifies an instance of virtue, 
fortitude, and integrity, seldom equaled, and never excelled, 
in the history of man. 

PRAYEB AT BAI8IN0 A BROTHER TO THE SUBLIME DEGREE OF 

A MASTEB MASON. 

Thou, O God ! k newest our down-sitting and our up-rising, 
and understandest our thoughts afar off. Shield and defend 
us from the evil intentions of our enemies, and support us 
under the trials and afflictions we are destined to endure, 
while traveling through this vale of tears. Man that is born 
of a woman, is of few days and full of trouble. He cometh 
forth as a flower, and is cut down \ he fleeth also as a shadow, 
and continueth not. Seeing his days are determined, the 
number of his months are with thee, thou hast appointed his 
bounds that he can not pass ; turn from him that he may rest, 
till he shall accomplish his day. For there is hope of a tree, 



86 MASTER HA80N. 

if it be cat down, that it nill sproat again, and that the tender 
branch thereof will not cease. But man dieth and wasteth 
away; jea, man giveth np the ghost, and where is be? As 
the waters fail iVom the sea, and the flood decayeth and drieth 
np, BO man lieth down, and riseth not up till the heavens 
shall be no more. Yet, Lord I have compassion on the 
children of thy creation, adminiBter them comfort in time of 
trouble, and save them with an everlasting salvation. Anun. 
So mote it be. 
Tbi* prayer i« an adapUtion from the XIY. Chapter of Job. 




The Temple, onfioished, is aa emblem of all mortal felHitj, and of 
every human acqniailion. PerTectian is reserved for the Immortal Tem- 
ple abora. 



MASTEB HABON. 



THE THIED SECTION. 



The third section illustrates certain hieroglyph ical emblems, 
and iDcnlcates many useful lessons, to extend knowledge, and 
promote virtue. 

In this branch of the lecture, many particulars relative to 
King Solomon's Temple are considered. 

The construction of this grand edifice was attended with 
two remarkable circumstances. From Joseplius we learn, that 
although seven years were occupied in building it, yet during 
the whole term it rained not in the day time, that the workmen 
might not be obstructed in their labor: and from the sacred 
history it appears that there was neither the sound of the ham- 
mer, nor ax, nor any tool of iron, heard in the house, while 
it was building. 



This famous fabric was supported by fourteen hundred and 
fifty-three columns, and two thousand nine hundred and six 
pilasters; all hewn from the finest Parian marble. Ther« 
were employed in its building, three Grand Masters; three 
thonaand and three hundred masters, or overseers of the 
work ; eighty thousand Fellow-crafte ; and eevonty thousand 



THIKD BECTION. 89 

Entered Apprentices, or bciirers of burdens. All these were 
classed uDd arranged in such a manner by the wisdom of 
Solomon, tbat neither cnrj, discord, uor confusion were suf- 
fered to interrapt that nniversal peace and tranquillity, wliich 
pervaded the world at thla important period.* 



7{ 5{1 



THE POT OF IKCENSE 

Is an emblem of a pure heart, which is 
always an acccptuble sacrifice to the Deity; 
and. as this glows with fervent heat, bo should 
our hearts continually glow with gratitude to 
the great and beneficent Author of our estst- 
ence for the manifold blessings and comforts 
we enjoy. 

TBE BEE-HIVE 

Is an emblem' of industry, and recommends the practice 
of that virtue to all created beings, from the highest seraph 
in heaven, to the lowest reptile in the dust. It leaches us, 

thut :ls wc came into the world ralionjl and intelliu'cnt beings, 




90 MASTXB XA80N. 

60 we slionld ever be industrious ones; 
•^••\ • . never sitting down contented while our fel- 
^''^low-creatnres around ns are in want, when 
it is in our power to relieve them, without 
inconvenience to ourselves. 

When we take a survey of nature, wo 
view man, in his infancy, more helpless and indigent than 
the brutal creation ; he lies languishing for days, months and 
jears, totally incapable of providing sustenance for himpelf, 
of guarding against the attack of the wild beasts of the field, 
or sheltering himself from the inclemencies of the weather. 

It might have pleased the great Creator of heaven and 
earth to have made man independent of all other beings ; but, 
as dependence is one of the strongest bonds of society, man- 
kind were made dependent on each other for protection and 
security, as they thereby enjoy better opportunities of fulfill- 
ing the duties of reciprocal love and friendship. Thus was 
man formed for social and active life, the noblest part of the 
work of God; and he that will so demean himself as not to be 
endeavoring to add to the common stock of knowledge and 
understanding, may be deemed a drcne in the hive of nature, 
a useless member of society, and unworthy of our protection 
as Masons. 

THE BOOK OF CONSTITUTIONS, GUARDED BY THE TYLER's 

SWORD, 

Reminds us that we should be ever 
watchful and guarded, in our thoughts, 
words and actions, particularly when 
before the enemies of Masonry ; ever 

bearing in remembrance those truly Masonic virtues, siletice 

and circuiMptction. 




THIRD SECTION. 



91 



THE SWORD, POINTING TO a' NAKED HEART, 

Demonstrates that justice will sooner 
or later overtake ns ; and althougli our 
thoughts, words, an^J actions, may be 
hidden from the eyes of man, yet that 

ALL-SEEINQ EYE, 





Whom the Sun, Moon, and Stars obey, and under whose 
watchful care even Comets perform their stuj endous revolu- 
tions, pervades the inmost recesses of the human heart and 
will reward us according to our merits. 

THE ANCHOR AND ARK 

Are emblems of a well- 
grounded hopcj and a well- 
spent life. They are em- .^,=_=„^.«:„„_- 
blematical of that divine ark -— =^ -i-^^. *^ 
which safely wafts us over 
this tempestuous sea of troubles, and that anchor which shall 





VABTXR HASON; 



<>Q: 



safely moor hb in a peacernl harbor, where the iriclced cease 
from tronbling, and the vearj shall find rest 

THB rORTT-SEVENTH PROBLEM OF EnCLID.* 

This was an inrention of onr ancient friend 
md Brother, the prcat Pythagoras, who, in his 

j j travels through Asia, Africa, and Europe, was 

I iaitiatcd into several orders of priesthood, and 

I I raiEcd to the sublime degree of a Master Mason. 

This wise philosopher enriched his mind abundantly in a gen- 
- oral knowledge of things, and more especially in Geometry or 
Masonry ; on this subject he drew out many problems and 
theorems, and among the most distinguished, he erected Ibis, 
which in the joy of bis heart be called EureKo, in the Grecian 
language signifying, //laBf/ciindiV; ind upon Ihe discovery 
of which, he is said to have sacrificed a hecatomb. 
The hisUiriciil truth of lliis Etatement is not clearlj eslAblUhed. 

It teaches Masons to be general lovers of the arts and 
Bciences. 

THE HOCR-ai.ASa 

Is an emblem of human life. Be- 
hold ! how swiftly the sands run, and 
how rapidly our lives are drawing to 
a close. We can not without a&lon- 
ishraont behold the little particles 
which are contained in this machine, 
how they pass away almost iniper- 

• [TnEOHEii.]_rn any Hghl-nnglcil trinngU, llic square whiih is <l(^. 
geribi-d upon ihe side subtpniling llic riglil-nngle, is cijiinl lo llie Eqiiarca 
described upon the tides whitL contain the righl-angle— iucttd, fie. 1- 
iVop. 47. ' 



THIRD SBCTIQN. &3 

eeptibly, and yet, to our surprise, in the short space of an 
hoar they are all exhausted. Thus wastes man I to-day, he 
puts forth the tender leaves of hope ; to-morrow, blossoms, 
and bears his blushing honors thick upon him ; the next day 
comes a frost, which nips the shoot, and when he thinks his 
greatness is still aspiring, he falls, like autumn leaves, to en- 
rich our mother earth. 



r^>v^ 



THE SCYTHE 

Is an emblem of time, which cuts 
the brittle thread of life, and launches 
ns into eternity. Behold I what havoc ^*^ 
the scythe of time makes among the ^^%%ta^ 

human race ; if by chance he should escape the numerous evils 
incident to childhood and youth, and with health and vigor 
arrive to the years of manhood, yet withal we must soon be cut 
down by the all-devouring scythe of time, and be gathered 
into the land where our fathers have gone before us. 

■ 

THE THREE STEPS, 

Usually delineated upon the Mas- 
ter's Carpet, are emblematical of the 
three principal stages of human 
life, viz.: youth, manhood, and age. 
In youth, as Entered Apprentices, we ought industriously to 
occupy our minds in the attainment of useful knowledge ; in 
manhood, as Fellow-crafts, we should apply our knowledge to 
the discharge of our respective duties to God, our neighbors, 
and ourselves ; that so in age, as Master Masons, we may en- 
joy the happy reflections consequent on a well-spent life, and 
die in the hope of a glorious immortality. 

For appropriate Odes to close Masters' Lodge, see Appendix. 




OHABQX. 95 



CHABQB AT INITIATION INTO THE THIRD DEOaEE. 

Brother : — ^Your zeal for the institution of Masonry, the 
progress you have made in the mystery, and your conformity 
to oar regulations, have pointed you out as a proper object of 
our favor and esteem. 

You are now bound by duty, honor and gratitude, to be 
faithful to your trust; to support the dignity of your charac- 
ter on every occasion; and to enforce, by precept and exam- 
ple, obedience to the tenets of the Order. 

In the character of a Master Mason, you are authorized to 
correct the errors and irregularities of your uninformed breth- 
ren, and to guard them against a breach of fidelity. To pre- 
serve the reputation of the fraternity unsullied, must be your 
constant care; and for this purpose it is your province to re- 
commend to your inferiors, obedience and submission ; to 
your equals, courtesy and affability, to your superiors, kind- 
ness and condescension. Universal benevolence you are al- 
ways to inculcate ; and, by the regularity of your own behavior, 
afford the best example for the conduct of others less informed. 
The ancient landmarks of the Order, entrusted to your care, 
you are carefully to preserve ; and never suffer them to be 
infringed, or countenance a deviation from the established 
usages and customs of the fraternity. 

Your virtue, honor and reputation are concerned in sup- 
porting with dignity the character you now bear. Let no 
motive, therefore, make you swerve from your duty, violate 
your TOWS, or betray your trust ; but be true and faithful, and 
imitate the example of that celebrated artist whom you this 
eTening represent Thus you will render yourself deserving 
of the honor which we have conferred, and merit the confi- 
denoe that we have reposed. 



THE 



CAPITULAE DEGEEES: 



coNsisnNQ or 



THE MARK MASTER, 



THE MOST EXCELLENT MASTER, 



AND 



THE ROYAL ARCH. 



COMPOSINO 



THE SECOND ORDER IN MASONRY. 



The Capitular Degrees are conferred in a Body styled a 
Chapter, The ballot is taken in the last or Royal Arch Degree ; 
the same rules of balloting are observed as in a Lodge. All 
discipline exercised by the Lodge, such as suspension and 
expulsion, is indorsed by the Chapter without question ; in 
addition to which it has a discipline of its own for offenses 
against its own regulations. 

Not less than nine can open, work, or close a Chapter, and 
this is independent of the Tyler. 

The whole system of Capitular Masonry as practiced ini 
United States was organized in the latter part of the IStli 
century. 



THE DEGREE 



OF 



MARK MASTER. 



Aaji JSltjfcj. 



<» 




CHAPTER XT. 

REMARKS ON THE FOURTH, OR MARK MASTER'S DEGREE. 

This degree of Masonry was not less useful in its original 
institution, nor are its effects less beneficial to mankind, than 
those which precede it. 

By the influence of this degree, each operative mason, at 
the erection of the Temple of Solomon, was known and dis- 
tinguished by the Senior Grand Warden. 

By its effect8 the disorder and confusion that might other- 
wise have attended so immense an undertaking was completely 
prevented ; and not only the craftsmen themselves, who were 
eighty thousand in number, but every part of their workman- 
ship, was discriminated with the greatest nicety, and the 
utmost facility. If defects were found, by the help of this 
degree the overseers were enabled without difficulty to ascer- 
tain who was the faulty workman : so that deficiencies might 
be remedied, without injuring the credit, or diminishing the 
reward, of the industrious and faithful of the craft. 

CHARGE TO BE READ AT OPENING THE LODGE. 

^* Wherefore, brethren, lay aside all malice, and guile, and 
hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings: 

**If so be ye have tasted that the Lord is gracious: To 
whom coming as unto a living stone, disallowed indeed of 
moo, bat chosen pf Glod, and precious, ye also, as lively stoneSii 



102 HA&K MA8TEB. 

aro built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up 
spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God. 

"Wherefore, also, it is contained in the Scriptures, Behold, 
I lay in Zion, for a foundation, a tried stone, a precious cor- 
ner-stone, a sure foundation ; he that believeth shall not make 
haste to pass it over. Unto you, therefore, which believe, it 
is an honor ; and even to them which be disobedient, the stone 
which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of 
the corner. 

"Brethren, this is the will of God, that with well-doing ye 
put to silence the ignorance of foolish men. As free, and not 
using your liberty for a cloak of maliciousness, but as the ser- 
vants of God. Honor all men, love the brotherhood, fear 
God." 

The regular officers of a Mark Master's Lodge are, 1. Right Wor- 
shipful Master; 2, Worshipful Senior Warden; 3, Worshipful Junior 
Warden; 4, Master Overseer; 5, Senior Overseer; 6, Junior Overseer ; 
7, Senior Deacon ; 8, Junior Deacon. 

Although the antiquity of this degree can not be demonstrated, and 
its origin is obscure, yet for beauty of ceremonial, impressiveness of 
principles, and the readiness with which the degree is made available in 
practice between Brother and Brother, there is no other which excels it. 

REMARKS ON THE FOURTH LECTURE. 

THE FIRST SECTION. 

The first section explains the manner of convocating and 
opening a Mark blaster's Lodge. It teaches the stations and 
duties of the respective officers, and recapitulates the mystic 
ceremony of introducing a candidate. 

In this section is exemplified the regularity and good order 
that were observed by the craftsmen on Mount Libanus, and 
in the plains and quarries of Zeredatha, and it ends with a 
beautiful display of the manner in which one of the principal 
events originated, which characterizes this degree. 



SECOND SECTION. 103 








■■BBP* UIMHOP BHIIMM* 



THE SECOND SECTION. 

In t^ie second section the Mark Master is particularly 
instructed in the origin and history of this degree, and the 
indispensable obligations he is under to stretch forth his 
assisting hand to the relief of an indigent and worthy brother, 
to a certain and specified extent. 

The progress made in architecture, particularly in the reign 
of Solomon, is remarked ; the numbers of artists employed in 
the building the Temple of Jerusalem, and the privileges 
they enjoyed, are specified; the mode of rewarding merit, and 
of punishing the guilty, are pointed out ; and the marks of 
distinction which were conferred on our ancient brethren, as 
the rewards of excellence, are named. 

In the course of the lecture, the following texts of Scrip- 
ture are introduced and explained, viz.: 

To him that overcometh will I give to eat of the hidden 
manna, and will give him a white stone, and in the stone a 
new name written, which no man knoweth saving hiAi that 
receive th it. — Rev. John ii : 17. 

And we will cut wood out of Lebanon, as much as thou 
shalt need ; and we will bring it to thee in floats by sea to 
Joppa, and thou shalt carry it up to Jerusalem. — 2 Chron. ii : 16. 

The stone which the builders refused, is become the head 
stone of the corner. — Fsalm cxviii : 22. 

Bid ye never read in the Scriptures, The stone which the 
builders rejected, is become the head of the corner ? — Mattk. 
xxi: 42. 



104 MARK MASTER. 

And have ye not read this Scripture, The stone which the 
builders rejected, is become the head of the corner? — Murk 
xii: 10. 

What is this, then, that is written. The stone which the 
builders rejected, is become the head of the corner? — Luk^ 
XX : 17. 

This is the stone which was set at nought of you builders, 
which is become the head of the corner. — Acts iv: 11. 

He that hath an ear to hear, let him hear. — Rev, iii: 13. 

Then he brought me back the way of the gate of the out- 
ward sanctuary, which looketh toward the cast, and it was 
shut. Then said the Lord unto me, This gate shall be shut, 
it shall not be opened, and no man shall enter in by it; be- 
cause the Lord, the God of Israel, hath entered in by it, there- 
fore it shall be shut. It is for the prince ; the prince he shall 
sit in it to eat bread before the Lord : he shall enter by the 
way of the porch of that gate, and shall go out by the way of 
the same. And the Lord said unto me. Son of man, mark 
tcelfj and behold with thine eyes, and hear with thine ears, 
all that I say unto thee concerning all the ordinances of the 
House of the Lord, and all the laws thereof; and mark well 
the entering in of the house, with every going forth of the 
sanctuary. — Ezekiel xliv : 1-3, 5. 

The working tools of a Mark Master are the Chisel and 
Mallei, 

The Chisel morally demonstrates the advantages 
of Discipline and Education. The mind, like 
the diamond in its original state, is rude and 
unpolished ; but, as the efifect of the chisel on 
the external coat soon presents to view the latent 
beauties of the diamond, so education discovers the latent 
virtues of the mind, and draws them forth to range the large 
field of matter and space, to display the summit of human 
knowledge, our duty to Qod and to man. 





OHABQX. 108 

The Mallet morally teaches to correct irregu- 
larities, aod to reduce man to a proper level; bo 
tbat, by quiet deportment, lie may, in the school 
of discipline, learn to be content. What the 
mallet is to the workman, enlightened reason is to the pas- 
sioDs: it curbs ambition, itdepresses envy, it moderates anger, 
and it encourages good dispositions ; whence arises, among 
good Masons, that comely order, 

'* Which nothing earthly gives, or can destroy^ 
The soul's calm sunshine, and the heart-felt joy." 

CHARGE TO BE DELIYERED WHEN A CANDIDATE IS ADVANCED 

TO THE FOURTH DEGREE. 

Brother: — I congratulate you on having been thought 
worthy of being promoted to this honorable degree of Masonry. 
Permit me to unpress it on your mind, that your assiduity 
should ever be commensurate with your duties, which become 
more and more extensive as you advance in Masonry. 

The situation to which you are now promoted will draw 
upoD you not only the scrutinizing eyes of the world at large, 
but those aho of your brethren, on whom this degree of Ma- 
sonry has not been conferred ; all will be justified in expect- 
bg your coad«el and behavior to be such aa may with safety 
be imitated. 

In the honorable character of Mark Master, it is more par- 
ticularly your duty to endeavor to let your conduct in the 
Lodge and among your brethren, be such as may stand the 
test of the Grand Overseer's square, that you may not, like the 
unfinished and imperfect work of the negligent and unfaithful 
of former times, be rejected and thrown aside, as unfit for that 
spiritual building, that house not made with hands, eternal in 
the heavens. 

While Bach is your conduct, should misfortunes assail yoo, 
10 



106 HAKE HASTIR. 

shonld firiends forsake you, should envy traduce yonr good 
name, and malice persecute you ; jet may you have confidence, 
that among Mark Masters, you will find friends who will 
administer relief to your diEtresBes, and comfort your afflio- 
tioDS ; ever bearing in mind, as a consolation nuder all the 
frowns of fortune, and as an en courage me nt to hope for better 
prospects, that the stone which the builden njected, possessing 
merits to them unknown, became tJie ehtef stone of the com«r. 

/^ , , , ^ 



PreTions to closing the Lodge, the following Parable is 
recited : 

"For the kingdom of Heaven is like unto a man that ia aa 
householder, which went out early in the morning to hire 



MABK MABTSB. 107 

laborers into his vineyard. And when he had agreed with 
the laborers for a penny a day, he sent them into his vineyard. 
And he went out about the third hour, and saw others stand- 
ing idle in the market-place, and said unto them. Go ye also 
into the vineyard, and whatsoever is right I will give you. 
And they went their way. Again he went out about the sixth 
and ninth hour and did likewise. And about the eleventh 
hour, he went out, and found others standing idle, and saith 
unto them, Why stand ye here all the day idle ? They say 
unto him, Because no man hath hired us. He saith unto 
them, Qo ye also into the vineyard, and whatsoever is right, 
that shall ye receive. So when even was come, the lord of the 
vineyard saith unto his steward, Call the laborers, and give 
them their hire, beginning from the last unto the first. And 
when they came that were hired about the eleventh hour, they 
received every man a penny. But wh^n the first came, they 
supposed that they should have received more, and they like- 
wise received every man a penny. And when they had 
received it, they murmured against the good man of the house, 
saying, These last have wrought but one hour, and thou hast 
made them equal unto us, which have borne the burden and 
heat of the day. But he answered one of them, and said, 
Friend, I do thee no wrong: didst not thou agree with me for 
a penny? Take that thine is, and go thy way; I will give 
unto this last even as unto thee. Is it not lawful for me to do 
what I will with mine own? Is thine eye evil because I am 
good ? So the last shall be first, and the first last : for many 
be called, but few chosen." — Matth, zx: 1-16. 

The ceremony of closing a Lodge in this degree, when 
properly conducted, is peculiarly interesting. It assists in 
strengthening the social affections ; it teaches us the duty we 
owe to our brethren in particular, and the whole family of 
mankind in general, by ascribing praise to the meritorious, 
and dispensing rewards to the diligent and industrious. 



loa 



MASK UASnM. 



MARE MASTERS' ODE. 



▲DAXTSD AXD AMMJJKQm ST BRO. 1A& il. XATLOB. 



Plii^OFORTE 



or 



lElODEON. 




P 




N-j-^J?H 



I 

l.Mtfk Masters ah apfMu, BeAire tbeCliMO*« 

9. You who haT« paasM the square, Foryolur re - vard {irepare. 




In oon - cert more ; 
Join heart and hand ; 



^ 



Let him jeor work In 
Bach with hto nark in 



speot, For the Chief 
Tiew, Marsh with tha 



■+■ 




t 



£ 




At • efai • teet. If there be 
Just and trae, Wa • gee to 



no de-feafe» He will appro^A. 
you are due. At your command. 



I ^ M . .■^— . — 



d: 



m 



-^ 



t:=t 



3 



± 



X 



X 



^ 



3 H1nun« the widow's son. 
Sent unto Solomon 

Our great key-stone ; 
On it appears the name 
Which raises high the fiune 
Of all to whom the same 

Is truly Icnown. 



4 Now to the westwaid mow. 
Where, full of strength and lore^ 

Hiram doth stand ; 
But if Impostors are 
Mixed with the worthy then, 
Caur'on them to beware 

sj\ the right hand. 



5 Now to the praise of those 
Who triumpHM o*er the foca 

Of MHSon*B art ; 
To the praiseworthy three. 
Who founded this degr-e. 
May all their virtues be 
DMp In onrhMitiu 



THE DEGREE 



or 



PAST MASTER. 



MM 





^1^%$^. 



CHAPTER XII. 

OBSXBYATIONB ON THE DEGREE OF PRESENT OR PA^^T 

KASTER. 

TMs degree should be carefully studied, and well unden^tood, 
by every Master of a Lodge. It treats of the government of 
our society, and the disposition of our rulers ; and illustrates 
their requisite qualifications. It includes the ceremony of 
opening and closing Lodges in the several preceding dcgvcos; 
and also the forms of installation and consecration, in the 
Grand Lodge, as well as private Lodges. It comprehends tlie 
ceremonies at laying the foundatiop stones of public build- 
ings, and also at dedications and at funerals, by a yarie.y of 
particulars explanatory of those ceremonies. 

In Masonio strictness this degree shonld be given to none, save those 
▼ho are regularly elected to govern a Symbolical Lodge. The devi ition 
from this rule, in favor of Royal Arch Masonry, has not been tc the 
credit of the degree, nor to the advantage of the Craft. 

No person shonld be allowed to take the degree of Past Master, at 
least until he has made himself thoroughly proficient in the ^hreo 
degrees of Symbolical Masonry, is able to open and close the Lo i^es, 
confer the degrees with dramatic effectiveness, and give the lecture i of 
each from memory. 

The regular officers of a Past Masters' Lodge, correspond exactly with 
a Lodge of Blaster Masons. The titles are Biffht WorsMp/ul Muster; 
Senior and Warthip/ulJunior Warden* 



i 



112 PAST MASTER. 

REMARKS ON THE FIFTH LECTURE. 

THE FIRST SECTION. 

OF THE MANNER OF CONSTITUTING A LODGE OF MASTER 

MASONS. 

Any number of Master Masons, not under seven, desirous 
of forming a new Lodge, must apply, by petition, to the 
Grand Lodge of the State in which they reside.* . 

This petition, being signed by at least seven regular Ma- 
sons, and recommended by a Lodge, or Lodges, adjacent to 
the place where the new Lodge is to be holden, is delivered 
to the Grand Secretary, who lays it before the Grand Lodge. 

If the petition meets the approbation of the Grand Lodge, 
they generally order a Dispensation to be issued,! which is 
signed by the Grand, or Deputy Grand Master, and authori- 
zes the petitioners to assemble as a legal Lodge, for a certain 
specified term of time. 

The usage is, that all Dispensations terminate on the first daj of th« 
subsequent Grand Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge. 

In some jurisdictions, the Grand and Deputy Grand Mas- 
ters, respectively, are invested with authority to grant dispen- 
sations, at pleasure, during the recess of the Grand Lodge ; im 
others, they are never issued without the special direction o^ 
the Grand Lodge. 

Lodges working under dispensations are considered merely 
as agents of the Grand Lodge ; their presiding officers are not 
entitled to the rank of Past Masters ; their officers are not 
privileged with a vote or voice in the Grand Lodge ; they can 
not change their officers without the special approbation and 
appointment of the Grand Lodge ; and in case of the cessation 
of such Lodges, their funds, jewels, and other property accu- 

♦ For Form / Petition see Appendix, 
t for Form q/ DispwHUion see AppeAdlz, 



FIRST SECTION. 113 

mulated by initiations into the several degrees, become the 
property of the Grand Lodge, and must be delivered over to 
the Grand Treasurer. 

When Lodges, that are at first instituted by dispensation, 
have passed a proper term of probation, they make applica- 
tion to the Grand Lodge for a charter of constitution.* If 
this be obtiMned, they are then confirmed in the possession of 
their property, and possess all the rights and privileges of 
regularly constituted Lodges, as long as they conform to the 
constitutions of Masonry. 

Tbe forfeiture of a Charter, however, works a total forfeiture of all 
property, real or personal, which was in its possession at the period of 
its demise. 

Af^r a charter is granted by the Grand Lodge, the Grand 
Master appoints a day and hour for constituting and conse- 
crating the new Lodge, and for installing its Master, Wardens, 
and other officers. 

If the Grand Master, in person, attends the ceremony, the 
Lodge is said to be constituted in ample form ; if the Deputy 
Grand Master only, it is said to be constituted in d\ie form ; 
but if the power of performing the ceremony is vested in a 
Subordinate Lodge, it is said to be constituted in form. 

When charters of constitution are granted for places where 
the distance is so great as to render it inconvenient for the 
Grand officers to attend, the Grand Master, or his Deputy, 
issues a written instrument under his hand and private seal, to 
some worthy Present or Past Master, with full power to con- 
gregate, constitute and install the petitioners. 

For form Ditperuation to install officers, see Appendix. 

CEREMONY OF CONSTITUTION AND CONSECRATION. 

On the day and hour appointed, the Grand Master and his 

* For Form qf Charier^ or Warranty see Appendix. 
11 



114 PA8T MASTER. 

officers meet in a convenient room, near to that in which the 
Lodge to he constitnted is assembled, and open the Grand 
Lodge in the three degrees of Masonry. 

The officers of the new Lodge are to be examined by the 
Deputy Grand Master, after which they return to their Lodge. 

The new Lodge then sends a messenger to the Grand Mas- 
ter with the following message, viz. : 

" Most Worshipful : — The officers and brethren of. 

Lodge, who are now assembled at have instructed me 

to inform you, that the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge [or 
Grand Master] was pleased to grant them a letter of Dispensa- 
tion, bearing date the ... day of , in the year , author- 
izing them to form and open a Lodge of Free and Accepted 

Masons, in the town of. ; that since that period they 

have regularly assembled, and conducted the business of Ma- 
sonry according to the best of their abilities ; that their pro- 
ceedings having received the approbation of the M. W. Grand 
Lodge, they have obtained a charter of constitution, and are 
desirous that their Lodge should be consecrated, and their offi- 
cers installed, agreeably to the ancient usages and customs of 
the Craft ; for which purpose they are now met, and await the 
pleasure of the Most Worshipful Grand Master." 

He then returns to his Lodge, who prepare for the reception 
of the Grand Lodge. When notice is given that they are 
prepared, the Grand Lodge walk in procession to their hall. 
When the Grand Master enters, the grand honors are given 
by the new Lodge ; the officers of which resign their seats to 
the Grand Officers, and take their several stations on the left. 

These are the prioate Grand Honors which can not be described here. 

The necessary cautions are then given, and all, excepting 
Masters and Past Masters of Lodges, are requested to retire 
until the Master of the new Lodge is placed in the Chair of 



FIRST sxcnoN. 115 

Solomon. He is tlien bound to the faithful performance of 
his trust, and invested with the characteristics of the Chair. 

The usa^ has been to throw around this a ceremony of marked 
dramatic effect. At the Triennial Co&Tention of the General Grand 
Royal Arch Chapter^ 1866, it was recommended that this be omitted; but 
the advice has not been generally acceptable, and the usage is mostly 
continued as before. 

Upon dne notice, the Grand Marshal reconducts the brethren 
into the hall, and all take their places, except the members of 
the new Lodge, who form a procession on one side of the hall, 
to salute their Master. As they advance, the Grand Master 
addresses them, " jRre/Arcn, behold your Matter!" As they 
pass, they make the proper salutation ; and when they have 
all passed, he joins them, and takes his appropriate station. 

A grand procession is then formed, in the following order, 

viz.: 

Tyler, with a drawn sword. 

Two Stewards, with White Rods. 

Entered Apprentices. 

Fellow Crafts. 

Master Masons. 

Stewards. 

Junior Deacons. 

Senior Deacons. 

Secretaries. 

Treasurers. 

Past Wardens. 

Junior Wardens. 

Senior Wardens. 

Past Masters. 

Royal Arch Masons. 

Knights Templar. 

Masters of Lodges. 

The New Lodge. 

Tyler, with a Drawn Sword. 
Stewards, with White Rodf. 



116 PAST MASTER. 

Entered Apprentices. 

Fellow Crafts. 

Master Masons. 

Dftacons. ' 

Secretary and Treasurer. 

Two Brethren, carrying the Lodge.* 

Junior and Senior Wardens. 

The Holy Writings carried by the Oldest 

Member, not in Office. 

The Master. 

Music. 

The Grand Lodge. 

Grand Tyler, with a Drawn Sword. 

Grand Stewards, with White Rods. 

A Brother, carryiaga Golden Vessel of Corn.f 

Two Brethren, carrying Silver Vessels, one of 

Wine, the other of Oil. 

Grand Secretaries. 

Grand Treasurers. 

A Burning Taper, borne by a Past Master. 

A Past Master, bearing the Holy Writings. 

Square and Compass, supported by two Stewards, with Rods. 

Two Burning Tapers, borne by the two Past Masters. 

Clergy and Orator. 

The Tuscan and Composite Orders. 

The Doric, Ionic and Corinthian Orders. 

Past Grand Wardens. 

Past Deputy Grand Masters. 

Past Grand Masters. 

The Globes. 

Junior and Senior Grand Wardens. 

Right Worshipful Deputy Grand Master. 

The Master of the Oldest Lodge, carrying the 

Book of Constitutions. 

The M. W. Grand Masteb. 

The Grand Deacons, on a line seven feet apart, on the right 

and left of the Grand Master, with Black Rods. 

<■ Flooring. t Wheat. 



FIRST SECTION. 117 

Grand Sword Bearer, with a Drawn Sword. 
Two Stewards, with White Rods. 

The whole procession moves on to the church or house 
where the services are to be performed. When the front of 
the procession arrives at the door, they halt, open to the right 
and left, and face inward, while the Grand Master, and others 
in succession, pass through and enter the house. 

A platform is erected in front of the pulpit, and provided 
with scats for the accommodation of the Grand Officers. 

The bible, square and compass, and book of constitutions, 
are placed upon a table, in front of the Grand Master ; the 
lodge is placed in the center, upon the platform, covered with 
white satin or linen, and encompassed by the three tapers, and 
the vessels of corn, wine and oil. 

A piece of music is performed, and the public services 
commence with prayer. An oration, or sermon, upon the 
design and principles of the institution, is then delivered by 
the Grand Chaplain, or some one appointed for that purpose, 
which is succeeded by a piece of music. 

The Grand Marshal then directs the officers and members 
of the new Lodge to form in front of the Grand Master. The 
Deputy Grand Master addresses the Grand Master, as follows: 

" Most Worshipful : — A number of brethren, duly in- 
structed in the mysteries of Masonry, having assembled 
together, at stated periods, for some time past, by virtue of a 
dispensation granted them for that purpose, do now desire to 
be constituted into a regular Lodge, agreeably to the ancient 
usages and customs of the fraternity." 

Their Secretary then delivers the dispensation and records 
to the Master elect, who presents them to the Grand Master. 

The Grand Master examines the records, and if they are 
found correct, proclaims, 

<' The records appear to be properly entered, and are approv- 



118 PAST MABTEB. 

ed. Upon due deliberatioii, tbe Grand Lodge have granted 
the brethren of this new Lodge a Charter, confirming them 
in the rights and privileges of a regular constUiUed Lodge ; 
which the Qrand Secretary will now read/' 

After the Charter is read, the Grand Master then says : 

" We shall now proceed, according to ancient usage, to con- 
stitute these brethren into a regular Lodge." 

Whereupon the several officers of the new Lodge deliver 
up their jewels and badges to their Master, who presents them 
with his own, to the Deputy Gkand Master, and he to the 
Ghrand Master. 

The Deputy Grand Master now presents the Master elect 
of the new Lodge to the Grand Master, saying : 

" Most Worshipful: — ^I present you Brother ***** 
whom the members of the Lodge now to be constituted have 
chosen for their Master." 

The Grand Master asks them if they remain satisfied with 
their choice. (They how in token o/cusent,') 

The Master then presents, severally, his Wardens, and other 
officers, naming them and their respective offices. The Grand 
Master asks the brethren if they remain satisfied with each 
and all of them. (Theg boto cu he/ore.) 

The officers and members of the new Lodge then form in 
the broad aisle, in front of the Grand Master ; and the busi- 
ness of consecration commences with solemn music. 

OIREMONT OP OONSECaATION. 

The Grand Master, attended by the Grand officers and the 
Grand Chaplain, form themselves in order, round the Lodge, 
which is then uncovered. All devoutly kneeling, the first 
clause of the consecration prayer is rehearsed, as follows, viz. : 

" Great Architect of the Universe I Maker and Ruler of all 
Worlds I deign, f^om thy celestial Temple, from realms of 



FIB8T SECTION. 119 

light and glory, to bless us in all the purposes of our present 
assembly ! 

*' We humbly invoke Thee to give us, at this and at all times, 
wisdom in all our doings, strength of mind in all our difficul- 
ties, and the beatUy of harmony in all our communications ! 

^'Permit us, thou Author of Light and Life, great source 
of Love and Happiness, to erect this Lodge, and now solemnly 
to consecrate it to the honor of Thy glory I 

" Glory be to God on high." 

[^Resptmse by the Brethren."] — " As it was in the beginning, 
is now, and ever shall be ! Amen." 

During the response, the Deputy Grand Master, and Grand 
Wardens, take the vessels of corn, wine, and oil, and sprinkle 
the elements of consecration upon the Lodge. 

[^The Grand Chaplain then continues,'] 

"Grant, O Lord our God, that those who are now about to 
be invested with the government of this Lodge, may be endued 
with wisdom to instruct their brethren in all their duties. 
May brotherly love, relief and truth, always prevail among the 
members of this Lodge ; and may this bond of union continue 
to strengthen the Lodges throughout the world I 

"Bless all our brethren, wherever dispersed: and grant 
speedy relief to all who are either oppressed or distressed. 

" We affectionately commend to Thee all the members of 
Thy whole family. May they increase in the knowledge of 
Thee, and in the love of each other. 

"Finally: May we finish all our work here below with 
thine approbation ; and then have our transition from this 
earthly abode to Thy Heavenly Temple above, there to enjoy 
light, glory and bliss, ineffable and eternal I 

« Glory be to God on high!" 

[^Response by the Brethren.] — " As it was in the beginning, 
8 now, and ever shall be ! Amen ! so mote it bo ! Amen !" 



120 . PAST MASTER. 

Then succeeds solemD music, while the Lodge is covered. 
The Grand Chaplain then dedicates the Lodge, in the fol- 
lowing terms : * 

*^To the memory of HOLY SAINT JOHN, we dedicate 
this Lodge. May every Brother revere his character and 
imitate his virtues. 

" Glory he to God on high !" 

[^Response.] — " As it was in the heginning, is now, and ever 
shall he, world without end. Amen ! so mote it he ! Amen I" 

A piece of music is then performed, while the Brethren 
of the new Lodge advance in procession to salute the Grand 
Lodge, with their hands crossed upon their hreasts, and howing 
as they pass. They then take their places, and stand as they 
were. 

The Grand Master then rises, and constitutes the new Lodge 
in the form following : 

" In the name of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge, I now 
constitute and form you, my good brethren, into a Lodge of 
Free and Accepted Masons. From henceforth I empower you 
to act as a regular Lodge, constituted in conformity to the 
rites of our Order, and the charges of our ancient and honor- 
able fj aternity ; and may the Supreme Architect of the Universe 
prosper, direct and counsel you in all your doings." 

[^Refponae hy all the brethren.'^ — *' So mote it be I" 

The ceremony of installation then succeeds. 

The Jiutallaiion Covenant must be taken by everj officer, whether 
elected or appointed. This is of course taken in the Lodge, open in 
either degree; but the installation itself may be, and often is, performed 
in public. 

No person can be legally installed Master of a Lodge until he has 
received the degree (or order) of Past Master. In Virginia, by modern 
usage, even a Warden elect must have this degree before he can be 
installed. 



8EC0NQ SECTION. 121 




THE SECOND SECTION. 

CEREMONY OF INSTALLATION. 

The Grand Master* asks his Deputy, 
"Whether he has examined the Master 
nominated in the Warrant, and finds him 
well skilled in the nohle science and the 
royal art." The Deputy, answering in the 
affirmative, t by the Grand Master's order, takes the candidate 
from among his fellows, and presents him at the pedestal, say- 
ing, "Most Worshipful Grand Master, I present my worthy 
Brother, A B, to be installed Master of this new Lodge. I 
find him to be of good morals, and of great skill, true and 
trusty ; and as he is a lover of the whole fraternity, whereso- 
ever dispersed over the face of the earth, I doubt not that he 
will discharge his duty with fidelity." 

The Grand Master then addresses him : 

"Bkother: — Previous to your investiture, it is necessary 
that you should signify your assent^ to those ancient charges 
and regulations which point out the duty of a Master of a 
Lodge." 

The Grand Master then reads, or orders to be read, a sum- 
mary of the ancient charges to the Master elect, as follows, 
viz. : 

1. You agree to be a good man and tiue, and strictly to 
obey the moral law. 

2. You agree to be a peaceable subject, and cheerfully to 
conform to the laws of the country in which you reside. 

*In this, and other similar instances, where the Grand Master is 
speciBed in acting, may be understood any Matter who performs the 
oereniony. 

t A private examination is understood to precede the installation of 
•very officer. 



122 PAST MA6TXR. 

3. You promise not to be concerned in plots and conspi- 
racies against government, but patiently to submit to the 
decisions of the supreme legislature. 

4. You agree to pay a proper respect to the civil magistrate, 
to work diligently, live creditably, and act honorably by all 
men. 

5. You agree to hold in veneration the original rulers and 
patrons of the Order of Masonry, and their regular success- 
ors, supreme and subordinate, according to their stations; and 
to submit to the awards and resolutions of your brethren 
when convened, in every case consistent with the constitutions 
of the Order. 

6. You agree to avoid private piques and quarrels, and to 
guard against intemperance and excess. 

7. You agree to be cautious in carriage and behavior, cour- 
teous to your brethren, and faithful to your Lodge. 

8. You promise to respect genuine brethren, and to dis- 
countenance impostors, and all dissenters from the original 
plan of Masonry. 

9. You agree to promote the general good of society, to 
cultivate the social virtues, and to propagate the knowledge of 
the art. 

10. You promise to pay homage to the G-rand Master for 
the time being, and to his officers when duly installed ; and 
strictly to conform to every edict of the Grand Lodge, or Qen- 
eial Assembly of Masons, that is not subversive of the prin- 
ciples and ground-work of Masonry. 

11. You admit that it is not in the power of any man, or 
body of men, to make innovations in the body of Masonry. 

12. You promise a regular attendance on the committees 
and communications of the G-rand Lodge, on receiving proper 
notice, and to pay attention to all the duties of Masonry, on 
convenient occasions. 

13. You admit that no new Lodge shall be formed without 



SSOOND SECTION. 123 

permission of the Grand Lodge ; and that no countenance be 
given to any irregular Lodge or to any person clandestinely 
initiated therein, being contrary to the Ancient charges of the 
Order. 

14. Yon admit that no person can be regnlarly made a 
Mason in, or admitted a member of, any regular Lodge, with- 
out previous notice, and due inquiry into his character. 

15. You agree that no visitors shall be received into your 
Lodge without due examination, and producing proper vouch- 
ers of their having been initiated in a regular Lodge.* 

• As the oarious reader maj wish to know the ancient charges that 
were used on this occasion, we shall here insert them verbatim, as thej 
are contained in a MS. in possession of the Lodge of Antiquity, in 
London, written in the reign of James the Second. 

u * • • ^nd fttrthermore, at diverse assemblies, have been put 
and ordained diverse crafties by the beet advice of magistrates and 
fellowes. 

"Every man that is a Mason take good heed to these charges, wee 
pray, that if any man find himselfe guilty of any of these charges, 
that he may amend himselfe, or principally for dread of God you that 
be charged to take good heed that you keepe all these charges well, for 
it is a great evill for a man to forsweare himselfe upon a book. 

" The first charge is, That yee shall be true men to God and the Holy 
Church, and to use no error or heresie by your understanding and by 
wise men's teaching. 

" Also, secondly, yee shall be true one to another; that is to say, 
every mason of the craft that is mason allowed, yee shall doe to him as 
yee would be done unto yourselfe. 

"Thirdly. And yee shall keepe truely all the counsell that ought to 
be kept in the way of masonhood, and all the counsell of the lodge or 
of the chamber. Allso that yee shall bee no thiefe, nor thieves to your 
knowledge free : that yee shall be true to the king, lord or master that 
yee serve, and truely to see and work for his advantage. 

" Fourthly. Yee shall call all masons your fellowes, or your brethren, 
and no other names. 

"Fifthly. Yee shall not take your fellowe's wife in villainy, nor 
deflower his daughter or servant, nor put him to no disworship. 



124 PAST MASTER. 

These are the regulations of Free and Accepted Masons. 

The Grand Master then addresses the Master elect in the 
following manner : " Do you submit to these charges, and 
promise to support these regulations, as Masters have done in 

"Sixthly. Yee shall truely pay for your meat or drinke, wheresoever 
yee goe to table or boarde. Allso, yee shall doe no yillainy there 
whereby the craft or science may be slandered. 

" These shall be the charges general to every true mason, both mas- 
ter and fellowes. 

" Now will I rehearse other charges single for masons allowed or 
accepted. 

" First. That no mason take on him no lorde's worke, nor any other 
man's, unless he know himselfe well able to perform the worke, so that 
the crafl have no slander. 

" Secondly. Allso that no master take worko but that he take reason- 
able pay for itt; so that the lord may be truely served and the master 
to live honestly, and to pay his fellowes truly. And that no master or 
fellow supplant others of their worke; that is to say, that if he hath 
taken a worke, or else stand master of any worke, that he shall not put 
him out, unless he be unable of cunning to make an end of his worke. 
And no master or fellow shall take an apprentice for less than seven 
years. And that the apprentice be free born, and of limbs whole as a 
man ought to be, and no bastard. And that no master or fellow take 
no allowance to be made mason without the assent of his fellowes, at 
the least six or seven. 

"Thirdly. That he that be made be able in all degrees; that is, free- 
bom, of a good kindred, true, and no bondsman, and that he have his 
right limbs as a man ought to have. 

"Fourthly. That a master take no apprentice without he have occu- 
pation to occupy two or three fellowes at the least. 

"Fifthly. Thrlt no master or fellow put away any lorde's worke to 
task that ought to be journey worke. 

" Sixthly. That every master give pay to his fellowes and servants as 
they may desurve, soe that he be not defamed with false workeing. 
And that none slander another behind his backe, to make him loose his 
good name. 

"Seventhly. That no fellow in the house or abroad answer another 
ungodly or reproveable without a cause. 



SECOND SECTION. 125 

all ages before you ? " The new Master having signified his cor- 
dial submission as before, the Grand Master thus addresses him : 
" Brother A B, in consequence of your cheerful conformity 
to the charges and regulations of the Order, you are now to 
be installed Master of this new Lodge, in full confidence of 
your care, skill and capacity to govern the same." 

** Eighthly. That every mnstermason doe reverence his elder; and 
that a mason be no common plaier at the cards, dice or hazeard, nor at 
any other unlawfull plaies, through which the science and craft may be 
dishonored or slandered. 

" Ninthly. That no fellow goe into the town by night, except he have a 
fellow with him, whe may bear him record that he was in an hunest place. 

'*Tenthly. That every master and fellow shall come to the asscmbiie, 
if it be within fifty miles of him, if he have any warning. And if he 
hare trespassed against the craft, to abide the award of masters and 
fellowes. 

*^ Eleventhly. That every master mason and fellow that hath tres- 
passed against the craft shall stand to the correction of other masters 
and fellowes to make him accord ; and if they cannot accord, to go to 
the common law. 

"Twelfthly. That no master or fellow make not a mould stone, square 
nor rule to no lower, nor let no lower worke within their lodge nor 
without, to mould stone. 

*^Thirteenthly. That every mason receive and cherish strange fel- 
lowes when they come over the countrie, and set them on worke if they 
will worke, as the manner is; that fa to say, if the mason have any 
mould stone in his place, he shall give him a mould stone, and sett him 
on worke : and if he have none, the mason shall refresh him with 
money unto the next lodge. 

'* Fonrteenthly. That every mason shall troely serve his master for 
his pay. 

" Fifteenthly. That every master shall truely make an end of his 
worke, taske or journey, whethersou it be. 

'* These be all the charges and covenants that ought to be read at the 
instalment of roaster or making of a freemason or freemasons. The 
Almighty God of Jacob, who ever have you and me in his keeping, 
bless OS now and ever. Amen." 



12« 



PAST MASTEA. 




The new Master is then regularly inyestcd 
with the insignia of his office, and the furni- 
ture and implements of his Lodge. 

The various implements of the profession 
are emhlematical of our conduct in life, and upon this occa- 
sion carefully enumerated. 

'^ The Holy Writings, that great light in Ma- 
sonry, will guide you to all truth ; it will direct 
your paths to the temple of happines, and point 
out to you the whole duty of man. 

*' The Square teaches to regulate our actions 
hy rule and line, and to harmonize our conduct 
hy the principles of morality and virtue. 

" The Compass teaches to limit our desires in every 

J/\ station, that, rising to eminence by merit, we may 
/ \ live respected, and die regretted. 





'i' ni'i ' i ' i'i ' iM' i M ' H |i |i | i|i| i| M'mMi rri « The Rule directs that 




we should punctually observe our duty ; press forward in the 
path of virtue, and, neither inclining to the right nor to the 
left, in all our actions have eternity in view. 



" The Line teaches the criterion of moral recti- 
tude, to avoid dissimulation in conversation and 
action, and to direct our steps to the path which 
leads to immortality. 



<* The Book of QmstUudons you are to search 
at all times. Cause it to be read in your Lodge, 
that none may pretend ignorance of the excel- 
lent precepts it enjoins. 



A 




SECOND SECTION. 127 




^^ Lastly, you receive in charge tlte By- 
Laws of your Lodge, which you are to see 
earefully and punctually executed." 



The jewels of the officers of the new Lodge being then re- 
turned to the Master, he delivers them, respectively, to the 
several officers of the Grand Lodge, according to their rank. 

The subordinate officers of the new Lodge are then in- 
vested with their jewels, by the Grand Officers of correspond- 
ing rank ; and are by them, severally in turn, conducted to 
the Grand Master, who delivers each of them a short charge, 
as follows, vis. : 

THE SENIOR WARDEN. 

" Brother C D, you are appointed Senior Warden of this 
new Lodge, and are now invested with the ensign of your 
office. 

The introduction of the word " appointed " here — which in practice 
18 usually rendered '* elected " — may he traced to two drcnmstances. 
1. In the first organization of the Lodge, the officers are usually 
i^fpomted hy the Grand Lodge; and 2d. In former times, the Wardena 
were appomted by the Master. 

"The Level demonstrates that we are de- 
scended from the same stock, partake of the 
same nature, and share the same hope ; and 
though distinctions among men are necessary 
to preserve subordination, yet no eminence of ( 
station should make us forget that we are brethren ; for he 
who is placed on the lowest spoke of fortune's wheel, may be 
entitled to our regard ; because a time will come, and the 
-wisest knows not how soon, when all distinctions, but that of 
goodness, shall cease ; and death, the grand leveler of human 
^eainess, reduce us to the same state. 





128 PAST MASTER. 

" Your regular attendance on our stated meetings is essen- 
tially necessary; in the absence of the Master you are to 
govern this Lodge : in his presence you are to assist him in 
the government of it. I firmly rely on your knowledge of 
Masonry, and attachment to the Lodge, for the faithful dis- 
charge of the duties of this important trust — Look well to 
the We$t!'' 

THE JUNIOR WARDEN. 

"Brother E F, you are appointed Junior Warden of 
this new Lodge ; and are now invested with the badge 
of your office. 

"The Plumb admonishes us to walk uprightly in our 
several stations, to hold the scale of justice in equal 
poise, to observe the just medium between intemper- 
ance and pleasure, and to make our passions and 
prejudices coincide with the line of our duty. 

" To you, with such assistance as may be necessary, is 
entrusted the examination of visitors, and the reception of 
candidates. 

This is not now the general usage in the American Lodges; for the 
former, a special committee is usually appointed; for the latter the 
stewards are designated, or, in their absence, a special committee. 

" To you is also committed the superintendence of the Craft 
during the hours of refreshment. 

This sentence expresses the prime duty, care and responsibility of the 
Junior Warden, "to take charge of the brethren while at refreshment^* 
^. e. between the meetings of the Lodge. 

" It is therefore indispensably necessary, that you should not 
only be temperate and discreet, in the indulgence of your 
own inclinations, but carefully observe that none of the Craft 
be suffered to convert the purposes of refreshment into intem- 
perance and excess. 

" Your regular and punctual attendance is particularly re- 
quested ; and I have no doubt that you will faithfully execute 



BTCOVD SECTION. 



129 



the duty which you owe to your present appointment. — Look 
well to the South r 




THE TREASURER. 

"Brother G H, you are appointed Treasurer 
of this new Lodge. It is your duty to receive 
all 'moneys from the hands of the Secretary, 
keep just and regular accounts of the same, 
and pay them out at the Worshipful Master's 
will and pleasure, with the consent of the 
Lodge. I trust, your regard for the fraternity will prompt 
you to the faithful discharge of the duties of your office." 

THE SECRETARY. 

"Brother IK, you are appointed Secre- 
tary of this new Lodge. It is your duty 
to ohserve the Worshipful Master's will 
and pleasure, to record the proceedings of 
the Lodge, to receive all moneys, and pay 
them into the hands of the Treasurer. 

"Your good inclination to Masonry and this Lodge, I hope, 
will induce you to discharge your office with fidelity, and by 
80 doing, you will merit the esteem and applause of your 
brethren.'^ 

THE SENIOR AND JUNIOR DEACONS. 

"Brothers L M and N O, 
you are appointed Deacons of 
this new Lodge. It is your 
province to attend on the Mas- 
ter and Wardens, and to act as 
their proxies in the active du- 
ties of the Lodge ; such as the reception of candidates into 
tlM di£brent degrees of Masonry ; the introduction and aocom- 
II 







180 PAST MASTER. 

modation of visitors, and in the immediate practice of our 
rites. These columns, as hadges of your office, I entrust to 
your care, not doubting your vigilance and attention." 

The badffe or jewel of the Deacons* offices is, hy common usage, 
changed, as may be seen in the cut. But in many Lodges other em- 
blems are worn, such as the Winged Mercury, the Triangles, the Stone- 
Cutters' Hammer, etc. There is little uniformity in this respect. 

THE STEWARDS. 

" Brothers PQ and RS, 
you are appointed Stew- 
ards of thi new Lodge. 
The duties of your office 
are, to assist in the collection of dues and subscriptions, to 
keep an account of the Lodge expenses, to see that the tables 
are properly furnished at refreshment, and that every brother 
is suitably provided for ; and generally to assist the Deacons 
and other officers in performing their respective duties. Your 
regular and early attendance will afford the best proof of your 
zeal and attachment to the Lodge." 

THE TYLER 

Is then appointed, and receives the in- 
strument of his office, with a short charge 
on the occasion. 
The Grand Master then addresses the officers and members 
of the new Lodge as follows : 

CHARGE UPON THE INSTALLATION OP THE OFFICERS OP A 

LODGE. 

"Worshipful Master: — The Grand Lodge having com- 
mitted to your care the superintendence and government of 
the brethren who are to compose this new Lodge, you can not 
be insenaible of the obligations which devolve en you, as their 




SECOND SECTION. 131 

bead ; nor of your responsibility for tbe faitbful discbarge of 
tbe important duties annexed to your appointment. 

'^ The honor, reputation and usefulness of your Lodge will 
materially depend on tbe skill and assiduity with which you 
manage its concerns ; while the happiness of its membere will 
be generally promoted, in proportion to the zeal and ability 
wkh which you propagate the genuine principles of our insti- 
tution. 

" For a pattern of imitation, consider the great luminary of 
nature, which, rising in the East^ regularly diffuses light and 
luster to all within its circle. In like manner it is your prov- 
ince to spread and communicate light and instruction to tbe 
brethren of your Lodge. Forcibly impress upon them the 
dignity and high importance of Masonry; and seriously ad- 
monisb them never to disgrace it. Charge them to practice 
out of the Lodge, those duties which they have been taught in 
it; and by amiable, discreet and virtuous conduct, to convince 
mankind of the goodness of the institution ; so that when any 
one is said to be a member of it, the world may know that he 
is one to whom the burdened heart may pour out its sorrows ; 
to whom distress may prefer its suit ; whose hand is guided 
by justice, and his heart expanded by benevolence. In short, 
by a diligent observance of the By-Laws of your Lodge, the 
Constitutions of Masonry, and, above all, the Holy Sciiptures, 
which are given as a rule and guide to your faith, you will be 
enabled to acquit yourself with honor and reputation, and lay 
up a crown of rejoicing^ which shall continue when time shall 
be no more." 

" Brother Senior and Junior Wardens : — You are too 
well acquainted with the principles of Masonry to warrant 
any distrust that you will be found wanting in the discharge 
of your respective duties. Suffice it to mention, that what 
you have seen praiseworthy in others, you should carefully 



132 PAST MASTER. 

imitate ; and what in them may have appeared defective, you 
should in yourselves amend. You should be examples of 
good order and regularity ; for it is only by a due regard to 
the laws in your own conduct, that you can expect obedience 
to them from others. You are assiduously to assist the Mas- 
ter in the discharge of his trust ; diffusing light and imparting 
knowledge to all whom he shall place under your care. In 
the absence of the Master you will succeed to higher duties ; 
your acquirements must, therefore, be such, as that the Craft 
may never suffer for want of proper instruction. From the 
spirit which you have hitherto evinced, I entertain no doubt 
that your future conduct will be such as to merit the ap- 
plause of your brethren, and the testimony of a good con- 
science." 

" Brethren op Lodge : — Such is the nature of our 

constitution, that as some must of necessity rule and teach, so 
others must of course learn to submit and obey. Humility in 
both is an essential duty. The officers who are appointed to 
govern your Lodge, are sufficiently conversant with the rules 
of propriety, and the laws of the institution, to avoid exceed- 
ing the powers with which they are intrusted ; and you are 
of too generous dispositions to envy their preferment. I 
therefore trust that you will have but one aim, to please each 
other, and unite in the grand design of being happy, and 
communicating happiness. 

" Finally, my brethren, as this association has been formed 
and perfected in so much unanimity and concord, in which we 
greatly rejoice, so may it long continue. May you long enjoy 
every satisfaction and delight, which disinterested friendship 
can afford. May kindness and brotherly affection distinguish 
your conduct as men and as Masons. Within your peaceful 
walls, may your children's children celebrate with joy and 
gratitude the traniaotionB of this auapioious solemnity. And 



SECOND sxonoN. 133 

may the tenets of our profession be transmitted throngli your 
Lodge, pure and unimpaired, from generation to generation." 

The Grand Marshal then proclaims the new Lodge, in the 
following manner, yiz. : 

" In the name of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the 

State of , I proclaim this new Lodge, by the name 

of Lodge, duly constituted." 

This proclamation is made thrice, and each time followed 
with a flourish of drums or trumpets. 

The Grand Chaplain then makes the concluding prayer, 
which ends the public ceremonies. 

« 

The grand procession is then formed in the same order as 
before, and returns to the hall. 

The Grand Master, Deputy Grand Master, and Grand 
Wardens, being seated, all but Master Masons are caused to 
retire, and the procession continues round the hall, which 
upon passing the several Grand officers, pays them due hom- 
age, by the usual congratulations and honors, in the different 
degrees, commencing with the lowest. During the proces- 
sion (which passes three times round the Lodge) the following 
song is sung, which concludes the ceremony of installation : 



1S4 



PAST MAST£K. . 



INSTALLATION ODE. 



Aulp— Itauam Htmit. 



Adapted and airanged by Bko. Jab. B. Tatlok. 



PIANOFORTE 

or 

lELODEON. 




fa z=j y 






-# — #- 



tz=± 



3^ 



■9^ 



1. Hailf Ma - son • ly dl • Tine I do - ry of 



t 




d: 



^^^ 



£ 



I I 

ges ihine ! Long ina7*st thou reign : Wheree'er thy 



lodges stand, 



&^ 



-^^ 



■i»^- 



X 



t 



-# — — #- 



:p=t:=t: 




\ 



May they hare great command, And always grace the land, Tboa art di • Tine I 



3: 



t 



-4- 



-#— #- 



■»-# 



1 — -^ — I 



■±=t 



m 



3 Great fabrics still arise. 
And grace the azure oktes ; 

Oreat are thy schemes ; 
Thy noble orders are 
Matchle.H!), l>eyoiid compare ; 
No art with thee can share. 

Thou art divine ! 

3 Hiram, tiie nrcliitect. 
Did Jill th»; Cr.ift direot 

How they should build. 
Solomon. IsraePs kln^. 
Did mighty blc^sin^s Irlng. 
Which RAve u* c-iuse to sing. 

Hail, royal art ! 



THIBD 8E0TION. 135 

The Lodge is then closed with the usual solemnities in the 
different degrees, hy the Grand Master and his officers. 

This is the usual ceremony observed by regular Masons at 
the constitution of a new. Lodge, which the Grand Master 
may abridge or extend at pleasure ; but the material points 
are on no account to be omitted. The same ceremony and 
charges attend every succeeding installation of new officers. 

Officers re-elected to office without an iniennission of time, need not 
be re-installed. 

THE THIRD SECTION. 

CEREMONY OBSERVED AT LAYING THE FOUNDATION STONE 

OP PUBLIC STRUCTURES. 

This ceremony is conducted by the Grand Master and his 
officers, assisted by the members of the Grand Lodge, and 
such officers and members of private Lodges, as can con- 
veniently attend. The chief magistrate, and other civil offi- 
cers of the place where the building is to be erected, also 
generally attend on the occasion. 

At the time appointed, the Grand Lodge is convened in 
some suitable place, approved by the Grand blaster. A band 
of martial music is provided, and the brethren appear in the 
insignia of the Order, and with white gloves and Aprons. 
The Lodge is opened by the Grand Master, and the rules for 
regulating the procession to and from the place where the 
ceremony is to be performed, are read by the Grand Secretary. 
The necessary cautions are then given from the Chair, and 
{Be Lodge is adjourned : after which the procession sets out 
in the following order : 

PROCESSION AT LAYING CORNER-STONES. 

Two Tylers, with drawn swords. 
Tyler of the oldest Lodge, with sword. 
' Two Stewards of the oldest Lodge. 
Entered Apprentices. 



136 PAST MASTER. 

Fellow Crafts. 
Master Masons. 
Stewards. 
^ Junior Deacons. 

g Senior Deacons. 

Secretaries, 



Treasurers. 

Past Wardens. 

Junior Wardens. 

Senior Wardens. 

Past Masters. 

Royal Arch Masons. 

Knights Templar. 

Masters. 

Music. 

Grand Tyler, with a Drawn Sword. 

Grand Stewards, with White Rods. 

A Brother, with a Golden Vessel containing Corn. 

Two Brethren, with Silver Vessels, one containing 

Wine, and the other Oil. 

Principal Architect, with Square, Level and Plumb. 

Grand Secretary and Treasurer. 

Bible, Square and Compass, carried by a Master of a Lodge, 

supported by two Stewards. 

Grand Chaplain. 

The Five Orders. 

Past Grand Wardens. 

Past Deputy Grand Masters. 

Past Grand Masters. 

Chief Magistrate of the place. 

Two Large Lights, borne by two Masters of Lodges. 

Grand Wardens. 

One Large Light, borne by a Master of a Lodge. 

Deputy Grand Master. 

Master of the Oldest Lodge, bearing the Book of Constitutions, on 

a Velvet Cushion. 
Grand Deacons, with Black Rods, on a line seven feet apart 

Grand Master. 

Grand Sword Bearer, with a Drawn Sword. 

Two Stowardi, with White Bods. 



THIBD 8E0TI0N 137 

A triamphal arch is osaally erected at tlie place where the 
ceremony is to be performed. 

The procession passes through the arch, and the brethren 
repairing to their stands, the Grand Master and his officers 
take their places on a temporary platform, covered with oftr- 
pet. An ode on Masonry is sung. The Grand Master com* 
mands silence, and the necessary preparations are made for 
laying the stone, on which is engraved the year of Masonry, 
the name and titles of the Grand Master, etc., etc. ^^. ^. •. 

The stone is raised up, by means of an engine erected for 
that purpose, and the Grand Chaplain or orator repeats a 
short prayer. The Grand Treasurer then, by the Grand Mas- 
ter's command, places under the stone various sorts of coin 
and medals of the present age. Solemn music is introduced, 
and the stone let down into its place. The principal Archi- 
tect then presents the working tools to the Grand Master, who 
applies the plumby sqitare and level to the stone, in their 
proper positions, and pronounces it to be '* well formed, 

TRUE AND TRU8TT." 

The golden and silver vessels are next brought to the table, 
and delivered, the former to the Deputy Grand Master, and 
the latter to the Grand Wardens, who successively present 
them to the Grand Master ; and he, according to ancient cer- 
emony, pours the corn, the wine and the oil which they con- 
tain, on the stone, saying, 

!IJ|^" May the all -bounteous Author of Nature bless the inhab- 
itants of this place with all the necessaries, conveniences and 
comforts of life ; assist in the erection and completion of this 
building ; protect the workmen against every accident, and 
long preserve this structure from decay ; and grant to us all, 
in needed supply, the corn of nourUhmerU^ the wins of re- 
frethmeiUy and the OIL of joy,^^ 

'•*' Amen I so mote it be 1 Amen I '* 
13 



138 PAfiT MASHER. 

Ho then strikes the stone tbrice mth the mallet, and the 
fuhlic honors of Masonry are given. 

The Grand Master then delivers over to the Architect the 
various implements of architecture, entrusting him with the 
superintendence and direction of the work ; after which he 
re-EEcends the platform, and an oration suitable to the occa- 
sion is delivered. A voluntary collection is made for the 
workmen, and the sum collected is placed upon the stone by 
the Grand Treasurer. A song in honor of Masonry con- 
cludes the ceremony, after which the procession returns to the 
place whence it set out, and the Lodge is closed. 

THE FOURTH SECTION. 

CSBXMONT OBSERVED AT THE DEDICATION OF MASONS' HALLS. 

See PresiorCs Illutirations (U. M. L. Vol. 3 ), for a detailed account of 
the dedication of a Masonic Hall, in England. 

On tlie day appointed for the celebration of the ceremony 
of dedication, the Grand Master and his officers, accompanied 
by the members of the Grand Lodge, meet in a convenient 
room near to the place where the ceremony is to be performed, 
and the Grand Lodge is opened in ample form in the first 
three degrees of Masonry. 

(.'oTumciicing •witli the lowesL 

The 3Iaster of the Lodge to which the hall to be dedicated 
belongs, being present, rises, and addresses the Grand Master, 
as follows ; 

"Most Worshipful: — The brethren of Lodge, 

being animated with a desire of promoting the honor and 
interest of the Craft, have, at great pains and expense, erected 
a 31aM)nic hall, for their convenience and accommodation. 
They are now desirous that the same should be examined by 
the M. W. Grand Lodge ; and if it should meet their appro- 



FOURTH SECTION. 139 

bation, that it should be solemnly dedicated to Masonic pur- 
poses, agreeably to ancient form." 

The Grand Master then directs the Grand Secretary to 
read the order of procession, which is delivered over to the 
Grand Marshal ] and a general charge respecting propriety 
of behavior, is given by the Deputy Grand Master. 

A gratid procession is then formed in the order laid down 
in the first section. The whole moves forward to the hall 
which is to be dedicated, and upon the arrival of the front of 
the procession at the door, they halt, open to the right and 
left, and face inward ; while the Grand Master, and others in 
succession, pass through and enter. The music continues 
while the procession marches three times round the hall. 

The Lodge is then placed in the center ; and the Grand 
Master having taken the chair, under a canopy of state, the 
Grand officers, and the Masters and Wardens of the Lodges, 
repair to the places previously prepared for their reception : 
the three lights, and the gold and silver pitchers, with corn, 
wine and oil, are placed round the Lodge, at the head of 
which stands the pedestal, with the Bible open, and the Square 
and Compass laid thereon, with the Constitution-roll, on a 
crimson velvet cushion.* Matters being thus disposed, an 
anthem is sung, and an exordium on Masonry given : after 
which the Architect addresses the Grand Master, as follows : 

"Most Worshipful: — Having been entrusted with the 
superintendence and management of the workmen employed 
in the construction of this edifice ; and having, according to 
the best of my ability, accomplished the task assigned me ; I 
now return my thanks for the honor of this appointment, and 
beg leave to surrender up the implements which were com- 
mitted to my care when the foundation of this fabric was 
laid; humbly hoping, that the exertions which have been 

* For an appropriate Anthem see Appendix. 



140 PAST MASTER. 

made on tbis occasion, will be crowned with your approba- 
tion, and that of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge." 

To which the Grand Master makes the following reply : 

" Brother Architect : — The skill and fidelity displayed 
in the execution of the trust reposed in you, at the commence- 
ment of this undertaking, have secured the entire approbation 
of the Grand Lodge ; and they sincerely pray, that this edifice 
may continue a lasting monument of the taste, spirit, and 
liberality of its founders." 

An ode in honor of Masonry is sung, accompanied with 
instrumental music. 

The Deputy Grand Master then rises, and says : 

"Most Worshipful: — The hall in which we are now 
assembled, and the plan upon which it has been constructed, 
having met with your approbation, it is the desire of the fra- 
ternity that it should be now dedicated, according to ancient 
form and usage." 

Whereupon the Grand Master requests all to retire but 

such as are Master Masons. A procession is then formed in 

the following order, viz. : 

Grand Sword Bearer. 

A Past Master, with a Light. 

A Past Master, with Bible, Square and Compass, on a 

Velvet Cushion. 

Two Past Miisters, each with a Light. 

Grand Secretary and Treasurer, with Emblems. 

Grand Junior Warden, with Pitcher of Corn. 

Grand Senior Warden, with Pitcher of Wine. 

Deputy Grand Master, with Pitcher of Oil. 

Grand Master. 

Two Stewards, with Rods. 

All the other brethren keep their places, and assist in per- 
forming an ode, which continues during the procession, 



POUBTH 81CTI0N. 141 

excepting only at the intervals of dedication. The Lodge is 
uncovered, and the first procession being made round it, the 
Junior Grand Warden presents the pitcher of corn to the 
Grand Master, who pours it out upon the Lodge, at the same 
time pronouncing, '< In the name of the great Jehovah, to 
whom be all honor and glory, I do solemnly dedicate this 
hall to Mabonet." The grand honors are given. 

The following is a description of the Public Grand Honors : The aims 
are crossed over the breast, the left arm uppermost. The palms are then 
struck smartly together, over the head, the eyes glancing upward. 
Lastly, the hands are brought down, open, and struck upon the thighs 
(see Mackey*8 Lexicon)] thus the Grand Honors are given in full. This 
is to be repeated three times. 

The second procession is then made round the Lodge, and 
Grand Senior Warden presents the pitcher of wine to the Grand 
Master, who sprinkles it upon the Lodge, at the same time 
saying, ^' In the name of the holy ^aint John, I do solemnly 
dedicate this hall to Virtue." The grand honors are twice 
repeated. 

The third procession is then made round the Lodge, and 
the Deputy Grand Master presents the pitcher of oil to the 
Grand Master, who sprinkles it upon the Lodge, saying, " In 
the name of the whole Fraternity, I do solemnly dedicate this 
hall to Universal Benevolence." The grand honors are 
thrice repeated, 

A solemn invocation is made to Heaven, by the Grand 
Chaplain, and an anthem sung; after which the Lodge is 
covered, and the Grand Master retires to his chair. An ora- 
tion is then delivered, and the ceremonies conclude with 
music. The Grand Lodge is then closed in ample form, in 
the several degrees. 

Commencing with the highetU The more frequent usage is, to close 
the three Lodges by a single order. 



142 PAST MASTER. 



THE FIFTH SECTION. 

THE CEREMONY USED AT FUNERALS, ACCORDING TO ANCIENT 
CUSTOM; WITH THE SERVICE USED ON THE OCCASION. 

No Mason can be interred with the formalities of the Order, 
unless it be by his own special request, communicated to the 
Master of the Lodge of which he died a member, foreigners 
and sojourners excepted ; nor unless he has been advanced to 
the third degree of Masonry; and from this restriction there 
can be no exception. Fellow-crafts, or Apprentices, are not 
entitled to funeral obsequies, nor to attend the Masonic pro- 
cession on such occasion. 

This rule has been, until lately, shamefullj violated, by the admission 
of Fellow-crafts, and even Entered Apprentices into the ranks. 

The Master of a Lodge, having received notice of a Master 
Mason's death, and of his request, to be interred with the cer- 
emonies of the Order, fixes the day and hour for the funeral, 
and issues his command to summon the Lodge. 

A custom prevails in many Lodges of keeping a " Book of Memory ,'' 
in which those who desire Masonic honors after death record their 
wishes. It is worthy of general adoption. 

He may invite as many Lodges as he thinks proper, and 
the members of those Lodges may accompany their officers in 
form ; but the whole ceremony must be under the direction of 
the Master of the Lodge to which the deceased belonged, and 
he and his officers must be duly honored, and cheerfully 
obeyed on the occasion.* But in case the deceased was not a 
member of either of the attending Lodges, the procession 
and ceremony must be under the direction of the Master of 
the oldest Lodge. 

* Except when the Grand or Deputy Grand Master is present and 
exercises his authority. 



FIFTH SECTION. 148 

All tbe brethren who walk in procession should observe) as 
much as possible, an uniformity in their dress. Decent 
mourning, with white stockings, gloves, and aprons, is most 
suitable. 

THE FUNERAL SERVICE. 

The brethren being assembled at the Lodge room (or some 
other«convenient place), the presiding Master opens the Lodge, 
in the third degree, with the usual forms ; and having stated 
the purpose of the meeting, the service begins : 

Moiter, " What man is he that liveth, and shall not see 
death? shall he deliver his soul from the hand of the grave?'' 

Response, ^^ Man walketh in a vain shadow ; he heapeth up 
riches, and can not tell who shall gather them." 

Master, " When he dicth, he shall carry nothing away ; 
his glory shall not descend after him." 

Response. ^^ Naked he came into the world, and naked he 
must return." 

Master. " The Lord gave, and the Lord hath taken away ; 
blessed be the name of the Lord I " 

The grand honors are then given, and certain forms used, 
which can not be here explained. 

The Master then taking the sacred roll in his hand, 
says. 

This is simplj a sheet of parchment or paper. 

" Let OS die the death of the righteous, and let our last end 
be like his." 

The brethren answer, 

" God is our God for ever and ever ; he will be our guide 
even unto death ! " 

The Master then records the name and age of the deceased 
upon the roll, and says, 

" Almighty Father,! into thy hands we oommend the soul 
of our loving brother." 



144 PAST MABTER. 

The brethren answer three times (giving the grand honors 
each time), 

'< The will of God is accomplished I Amen I so mote 
it be." 

The Master then deposits the roll in the archives, and re* 
peats the following prayer : 

''Most glorious God I author of all good, and giver of all 
mercy ! pour down thy blessings upon us, and strengthen our 
solemn engagements with the ties of sincere affection I May 
the present instance of mortality remind us of our approach- 
ing fate, and draw our attention toward Thee, the only refuge 
in time of need I that when the awful moment shall arrive, 
that we are about to quit this transitory scene, the enlivening 
prospect of Thy mercy may dispel the gloom of death ; and 
after our departure hence in peace and in Thy favor, we may 
be received into Thine everlasting kingdom, to enjoy, in 
union with the souls of our departed friends, the just reward 
of a pious and virtuous life. Amen" 

A procession is then formed, which moves to the house of 
the deceased, and from thence to the place of interment. 
The different Lodges rank according to seniority, excepting 
that the Lodge, of which the deceased was a member, walks 
nearest the corpse. Each Lodge forms one division, and the 
following order is observed : 

O&DEB OF PBOGESSION AT A FUNERAL. 

Tyler, with a Drawn Sword. 

Stewards, with white Rods. 

Masicians (if they are Masons, otherwise they follow the Tyler). 

Master Masons. 

Senior and Junior Deacons. 

Secretary and Treasurer. 

Senior and Junior Wardens. 

Past Masters. 

The Holy Writings, on a Cushion covered with Black Cloth, carried by 

the oldest member of the Lodge. 





TIPTH BBCTIOM. 




The Marter. 






Clergy. 




The 




Bod7, 


iUi the auagabi 




placed thereon, 


and tvo 




SwoidB croBBed. 


Pall BMren. 




Pall Beaiers. 



The brotliren are not to desert their rsuka, or change places, 
bnt keep in their different departments. When the procesBion 
arrives at the church-yard, the members of the Lodge form a 
circle round the grave, and the clergyman aod officers of the 
soling Lodge taking their station at the head of the grave, 
and the mourners at the foot, the service is resumed, and the 
followiug exhortation given ; 

" Here we view a striking instance of the uiioertaintj of 
life, and the vanity of all human pursuits. The last offices 
paid to the dead are only useful as lectures to the living: 
from them we are to derive instruction, and consider every 
solemnity of this kind as a summons to prepare for our ap- 
proaching dissolution. 

" Notwithstanding the various mementoes of mortality with 
which we daily meet, notwithstanding death has established 
his empire over all the works of nature, yet, through some 
UDacconntable infatuation, we forget that we are born to die. 
We go on from one design to another, add hope to hope, and 
lay out plans for the employmeDt of many years, till we are 
■uddenly alarmed with the approach of death, when we least 
expect him, and at an hour which we probably conclude to be 
the meridian of oar existence. 



146 PABT MASTER. 

"What are all the externals of majesty, the pride of wealth, 
or charms of beauty, when nature has paid her just debt? 
Fix your eyes on the last scene, and view life stript of her 
ornaments, and exposed in her natural meanness; you will 
then be convinced of the futility of those empty delusions. 
In the grave, all fallacies are detected, all ranks are leveled, 
and all distinctions are done away. 

"While we drop the sympathetic tear over the grave of our 
deceased friend, let charity incline us to throw a veil over his 
foibles, whatever they may have been, and not withhold from 
his memory the praise that his virtues may have claimed. 
Suffer the apologies of human nature to plead in his behalf. 
Perfection on earth has never been attained ; the wisest, as 
well as the best of men, have erred. 

"Let the present example excite our most serious thoughts, 
and strengthen our resolutions of amendment. As life is 
uncertain, and all earthly pursuits are vain, let us no longer 
postpone the important concern of preparing for eternity; but 
embrace the happy moment, while time and opportunity offer, 
to provide against the great change, when all the pleasures of 
this world shall cease to delight, and the reflections of a vir- 
tuous life yield the only comfort and consolation. Thus our 
expectations will not be frustrated, nor we hurried unprepared 
into the presence of an all-wise and powerful Judge, to whom 
the secrets of all hearts are known. 

"Let us, while in this state of existence, support with pro- 
priety the character of our profession, advert to the nature of 
our solemn ties, and pursue with assiduity the sacred tenets of 
our Order : Then, with becoming reverence, let us supplicate 
the Divine grace, to ensure the favor of that eternal Being, 
whose goodness and power know no bound ; that when the 
awful moment arrives, be it soon or late, we may be enabled 
to prosecute our journey, without dread or apprehension, to 
that far distant country whence no traveler returns." 



FIFTH SECTION. 147 

Tbe following invooations are then made by tlie Master : 

Master. May we be true and faithful ; and may we live 
and die in love ! 

Answer. So mote it be. 

Master, May we profess what is good, and always act 
agreeably to our profession I 

Answer. So mote it be. 

Master. May the Lord bless us, and prosper us ; and may 
all our good intentions be crowned with success ! 

Answer. So mote it be. 

Metier. Glory be to God on high I on earth peace ! good 
will toward men ! 

Answer. So mote it be, now, from henceforth, and for- 
evermore. 

The brethren then move in procession round the place of 
interment, and severally drop a sprig of evergreen into the 
grave, accompanied with the usual honors. 

The Master then concludes the ceremony at the grave, in 
the following words : 

'< From time immemorial it has been a custom among the 
fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, at the request of a 
Brother, to accompany his corpse to the place of interment, 
and there to deposit his remains with the usual formalities. 

<<In conformity to this usage, and at the special request of 
our deceased Brother, whose memory we revere, and whose loss 
we now deplore, we have assembled in the character of Masons, 
to resign his body to the earth whence it came, and to offer up 
to his memory, before the world, the last tribute of our affec- 
tion ; thereby demonstrating the sincerity of our past esteem, 
and our steady attachment to the principles of the Order. 

" The great Creator having been pleased, out of his mercy, 
to remove our Brother from the cares and troubles of a tran- 
sitory existence, to a state of eternal duration, and thereby to 
weaken the chain by which we are united, man to man ; may 



148 PAST MASTER. 

we, who suryive him, anticipate our approaching fate, and he 
more strongly cemented in the ties of union and friendship ; 
that, during the short space allotted to our presept existence, 
we may wisely and usefully employ our time; and, in the 
reciprocal intercourse of kind and friendly acts, mutually pro- 
mote the welfare and happiness of each other. 

" Unto the grave we resign the hody of our deceased friend, 
there to remain until the general resurrection ; in favorahle 
expectation that his immortal soul may then partake of joys 
which have heen prepared for the righteous from the heginning 
of the world. And may Almighty God, of his infinite good- 
ness, at the grand tribunal of unbiased justice, extend his 
mercy toward him, and all of us, and crown our hope with 
'everlasting bliss in the expanded realms of a boundless eter- 
nity! This we beg, for the honor of his name; to whom be 
glory, now and for ever. Amen" 

Thus the service ends, and the procession returns in form 
to the place whence it set out, where the necessary duties are 
complied with, and the business of Masonry is renewed. The 
insignia and ornamenCs of the deceased, if an officer of the 
Lodge, are returned to the Master, with the usual ceremonies, 
after which the charges for regulating the conduct of the breth- 
ren are rehearsed, and the Lodge is closed in the third degree. 

Notes. — If the Past or Present Qrand Master should join the proces- 
sion of a private Lodge, or a Deputy Grand Master, or a Grand Warden, 
a proper attention is to be paid to them. They take place after the 
Master of the Lodge. Two Beacons with black rods, are appointed by 
the Master to attend a Grand Warden ; and when the Grand Master is 
present, or Deputy Grand Master, the Book of Constitutions is borne 
before him, a Sword Bearer follows him, and the Deacons, with black 
rods, are placed on his right and left, at an angular distance of seven feet. 

Marshals are to walk, or ride, on the lefl of the procession. 

On entering public buildings, the Bible, Square and Compass, Book of 
Constitutions, etc., are placed before the Grand Master. The Grand Mar- 
shal and Grand Deacons keep near him. 



THE DEGREE 



OF 



MOST EXCELLENT MASTER 



\. 






CHAPTER XIII. 

BIHABKB ON THE SIXTH, QB MOST EXCELLENT HASTE&'S 
DEGREE. 

None but the meri tori oua and praieewortli; ; none bat thoBe 
who through diligeocc and industry have advanced far toward 
|ierfectioD ; none but those who hare been seated in the Ori- 
enlal Chair, by the unanimous suffrages of their brethten, 
can be admitted to this degree of Masonry. 

The regnlar offieera of a 
1. Iloat EicalltDt Maalar. 



152 MOST EXCELLENT MASTER. 

In its original establishment, when the Temple of Jeru- 
salem was finished, and the fraternity celebrated the cap-stone 
with great joy, it is demonstrable that none but those who 
had proved themselves to be complete masters of their pro- 
fession were admitted to this honor ; and indeed the duties 
incumbent on every Mason who is accepted and acknowledged 
as a Most Excellent Master, are such as render it indispen- 
sable that he should have a perfect knowledge of all the pre- 
ceding degrees. 

One of the following passages of Scripture is rehearsed at 
opening, accompanied by solemn ceremonies : 

The earth is the Lord's, and the fullness thereof; the 
world, and they that dwell therein. For he hath founded it 
upon the seas, and established it upon the floods. Who shall 
ascend into the hill of the Lord ? and who shall stand in his 
holy place? He that hath clean hands, and a pure heart; 
who hath not lifted up his soul unto vanity, nor sworn deceit- 
fully. He shall receive the blessing from the Lord, and 
righteousness from the God of his salvation. This is the 
generation of them that seek him, that seek thy face, Jacob. 
Selah. Lift up your heads, ye gates, and be ye lifted up, 
ye everlasting doors, and the King of G-lory shall come in. 
Who is this King of Glory ? The Lord, strong and mighty, 
the Lord, mighty in battle. Lift up your heads, O ye gates, 
even lift them up, ye everlasting doors, and the King of Glory 
shall come in. Who is this King of Glory? The Lord of 
Hosts, he is the King of Glory. Selah. — Psalm xxiv. 

I was glad when they said unto me. Let us go into the 
house of the Lord. Our feet shall stand within thy gates, 
O Jerusalem. Jerusalem is builded as a city that is compact 
together; whither the tribes go up, the tribes of the Lord, 
unto the testimony of Israel, to give thanks unto the name of 
)he Lord. For there are set thrones of judgment, the thrones 
of the house of David.] 



MOST EXCELLENT HABTER. 1C>3 

Fraj for the peace of Jenisalem ; they eliall prosper that 
love thee. Peace be withiQ thy walU, and prosperity nitbin 
thy palaoea. For my brethren and companioas' Bakes, I will 
now say, Peace be within thee. Becaase of the house of the 
Lord our God, I will seek thy good. — Ptalm cxxii. 

In the original edidoos the folloiripg Ode occurs in the Appendix. It 
is Bet in tiiia place for the greater i 



154 



KOST SZCSLLEirr MA8TSB. 



MOST EXCELLENT MASTERS' ODE. 



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MOST EXCELLENT MASTER. 



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Desrend now and fill * 
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Assist us to fl^ 
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Good-will to mankind. 



Thy TT/sd'tm inspired the great institution. 
Thy StreitgtA shall support it, till Hature expire ; 

Aad when the creation shall fall into min. 
Hi JM^ iluai liM) Uwwgb ttw BakM or till fliti 



UOBT ZXOELIBHT MA8TEB. 



PassBgeB of Scriptare from 2 Chron. vi: are also introdooed 
with solemn ceremonies. 

The whole of this chapter, or extniota from it, is nsed bj the Master 
(tt discretion. As ererj Lodge ia provided with b cop7 of the Holj 
Scriptures as aa essential part of its furniture, we hare thought proper 
to omit the lengthj passages, uod use the space for olher matter not so 
easily aToilable to the Craft. 

Now, wbeo Solomon hftd made an end of praying, the fire 

oame down from heaven, and consumed the burnt-ofiering and 

the sacrifices; and the glory of the Lord filled the hooM. 

. And the priests could not enter into the house of the Lord, 

beoaose the glory of the Lord had filled the Lord's house. 

And when all the children of Israel saw how the fire come 
down, and the glory of the Lord npon the house, they bowed 
themaelvea with theii faces to the ground npon the pavement, 



MOST EXCELLENT MASTER. 157 

and worshiped, and praised the Lord, saying, For he is good ; 
for his morcj endureth forever . — 2. Ghr. vii : 1-4. 

OHAROE TO BE DELIVERED TO A BROTHER WHO IS ACCEPTED 
AND ACKNOWLEDGED AS A MOST EXCELLENT MASTER. 

Brother : — Your admittance to this degree of Masonry, is 
a proof of the good opinion the hrethren of this Lodge enter- 
tain of your Masonic abilities. Let this consideration induce 
you to be careful of forfeiting, by misconduct or inattention 
to our rules, that esteem which has raised you to the rank you 
now possess. 

" It is one of your great duties, as a Most Excellent Master, 
to dispense light and truth to the uninformed Mason ; and I 
need not remind you of the impossibility of complying with 
this obligation without possessing an accurate acquaintance 
with the lectures of each degree. 

"If you are not already completely conversant in all the 
degrees heretofore conferre d on you, remember, that an indul- 
gence, prompted by a belief that you will apply yourself with 
double diligence to make yourself so, has induced the breth- 
ten to accept you. 

" Let it therafora be your unremitting study to acquire 

such a degree of knowledge and information as shall enable 

you to discharge with propriety the various duties incumbent 

on you, and to preserve unsullied the title now conferred 

•^on you of a Most Excellent Master.'' 






THE DEGREE 



OF 



KOYAL AKCH MASON. 



V 



h%tiX ^ttk ^M$n* 




CHAPTER XIV. 



f BOTAL ARCa 



This degree is indeacribably more august, Eublime, and im- 
portant, than all which precede it; and it is the Bummit and 
perfectioQ of Ancient Masonry. It impresses on oar minds 
ft bolter of the being and eststence of a Supreme Deity, with- 
ont begianing of daya or end of years : and reminds us of 
the leTorence dae to his holy name. 
13 



162 ROTAL ARCH. 

This degree brings to light many essentials of the CrafV^ 
which were for the space of four hundred and seventy years 
buried in darkness ; and without a knowledge of which the 
Masonic character can not be complete. 

The following passage of Scripture is read at the opening: 

Now we command you, brethren, that ye withdraw your- 
selves from every brother that walketh disorderly, atid not 
after the tradition which ye received of us. For yourselves 
know how ye ought to follow us, for we behaved not ourselves 
disorderly among you. Neither did we eat any man's bread 
for nought, but wrought with labor and travail night and day, 
that we might not be chargeable to any of you. Not because 
we have not power, but to make ourselves an ensample unto 
you to follow us. For even when we were with you, this we 
commanded you, that if any would not work, neither should 
he eat : For we hear that there are some which walk among 
you disorderly, working not at all, but are busy-bodies. Now 
them that are such, we command and exhort, that with quiet- 
ness they work, and eat their own bread. But ye, brethren, 
be ye not weary in well doing. And if any man obey not our 
word, note that man, and have no company with him, that he 
may be ashamed. Yet count him not as an enemy, but ad- 
monish him as a brother. Now the Lord of peace himself 
give you peace always, by all means. The salutations of Paul, 
with mine own hand; which is the token : so I write. — 2. Thes. 
iii: 6-17. 

OBSERYATIONB ON THE SEVENTH LECTURE. 

The lecture of this degree is divided into two sections, and 
should be well understood by every Royal Arch Mason. Upon 
an accurate acquaintance with it, will depend his usefulness 
at our assemblies ; and without it, he will be unqualified to 
perform the duties of the various stations in which his servi- 
ces may be required by the Chapter. 



SECOND SECTION. 163 

THE FIRST SECTION. 

The first section opens to our view a large field for contem- 
plation and study. It furnishes us with many interesting 
particulars relative to the state of the fraternity, during and 
since the reign of King Solomon ; and illustrates the causes 
and consequences of some very important events which occur- 
red during his reign. 

This section explains the mode of government in this class 
of Masons : it designates the appellation, number, and situa- 
tion, of the several officers; and points out the purposes and 
duties of their respective stations. 

THE SECOND SECTION. 

This section contains much valuable historical information, 
and proves, beyond the power of contradiction, and in the 
most striking colors, that prosperity and happiness are ever 
the ultimate consequences of virtue and justice, while dis- 
grace and ruin invariably follow the practices of vice and 
immorality. 

A proper arrangement of the following charges, etc., is 
essentially necessary to be observed in every Chapter ; and 
their application should be familiar to every Royal Arch 
Mason. 

I will bring the blind by a way that they knew not ; I will 
lead them in paths that they have not known ; I will make 
darkness light before them, and crooked things straight: 
These things will I do unto them, and will not forsake them. 
— Isaiah, xlii., 16. 



BOTAL ARCS. 




PBATEB REHEABSED DURING THE CEREMONY OF EXALTATION 
TO THE DEGREE OF KOTAL ARCH MABON. 

"Snpreme Architect of Univeraal Nature, who, by thine 
almighty word, didst apeak into bciog the stapendooa Arch of 
Heaven, and for the instruction and pleasure of thy rational 
creatures, didst adorn us with greater and lesser lighta ; there- 
by magnifying Thy power, and endearing Thy goodness unto 
the sons of men : we humbly adore and worship thine un- 
speakable perfection. We blosa Tbee that when man had 
fallen from his innocence and hie happiness, Thou didst still 
leave unto him the powers of reasoning, and capacity of im- 
provement and of pleasure. We thank Thee that amid the 
pains and calamities of our present state, so many means of 
refreshment and satisfaction are reserved unto us, while trav- 
eling the rugged path of life. Especially would we at this 
time render Thee our thanksgiving and praise for the institu- 
tion, as members of which we are at this time assembled, and 



SECOND SECTION. 165 

for all the pleasures we have derived from it. We thank Thee 
that the few here assembled before Thee, have been favored 
with new inducements, and laid under new and stronger obli- 
gations, to virtue and holiness. May these obligation, 
blessed Father, have their full effect upon us. Teach us, we 
pray Thee, the true reverence of Thy great, mighty and terri- 
ble name. . Inspire us with a firm and unshaken resolution 
in our virtuous pursuits. Give us grace diligently to search 
Thy word in the Book of Nature, wherein the duties of our 
high vocation are inculcated with divine authority. May the 
solemnity of the ceremonies of our institution be duly im- 
pressed on our minds, and have a lasting and happy effect 
upon our lives. Oh Thou who^didst aforetime appear unto 
Thy servant Moses in a fiame of fire out of the midst of a 
hush J enkindle, we beseech Thee, in each of our hearts, a 
flame of devotion to Thee, of love to each other, and of char- 
ity to all mankind. May all Thy miracles and mighty towks 
fill us with the dread, and Thy goodness impress us with the 
love, of Thy holy name. May holiness to the Lord be engra- 
ven on all our thoughts, words and actions. May the incense 
of piety ascend continually unto Thee from the altar of our 
hearts, and burn, day and night, as a sacrifice of a sweet 
smelling savor, well-pleasing unto Thee. And since sin has 
destroyed within us the first temple of purity and innocence, 
may Thy heavenly grace guide and assist us in rebuilding a 
second temple of reformation, and may the glory of this latter 
house be greater than the glory of the former. Amen.** 

Now Moses kept the fiock of Jethro his father-in-law, the 
priest of Midian ; and he led the flock to the backside of the 
desert, and came to the mountain of God, even to Horeb. 
And the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a flame of 
fire out of the midst of a bush : and he looked, and, behold, 
the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. 
And Moses said, I will now turn aside, and see this great 



166 KOTAL AECH. 

Bight, why the bnsh is not burned. And when the Lord eaw 
that he turned aaide to see, God called unto him out of the 
midst of the bosh, and said. Hoses, Mosea I And he said, 
Here am I. And be said, Draw not nigh hither : pat off thy 
shoes iVom off thy feet, for the place whereon thon stendestis 
holy groand. Moreover be said, I am the God of thy father, 
the God of Abraham, tbe God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob. 
And Moses hid his face, fot be was afraid to loolt upon God. 
— Ex^dia iii : 1-6. 



Zedekiah was on e-and -twenty years old when he began to 
reign, and reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. Ai^d^hedid 
that which was evil in tbe sight of the Lord his God, and 
humbled not bimaelf before Jeremiah the prophet, speaking 
from the month of tbe Lord. And he also rebelled against 
King Nebacbadneziar, and stiffened bis neck, and hardened 
bis heart from turning unto tbe Lord God of Israel. 

Moreover all tbe chiefs of the priests and .the people trans- 



SECOND 8EOII0N. 167 

grassed very mnch, after all the abomiaatloas of the heathen, 
and polluted the house of the Lord, whtoh he had hallowed 
in Jerusalem. And the Lord God of their fathers sent to 
them by his messengers; because he had compassion on hii 
people, and on his dwelling-place, But they mocked the 
messengers of God, and deapised his words, and misused his 
prophets, until the wrath oi the Lord arose against his people, 
till there was no remedy. Therefore he brought upon them 
the Icing of the Chaldees, who slew their young men with the 
sword, in the honso of their sanotuary, and had no oompassioa 
upon young men or maiden, old men, or him that stooped for 
age: he gave tbem all into his hand. And all the vessels of the 
house of God, great and small, and the treasures of the house of 
the Lord, and the treasures of the king, and of his princes; all 
these he brought to Babylon. And they burnt the house of 
God, and bra^o down the wall of Jerusalem, and burnt all the 
palaces thereof with fire, and destroyed all the goodly vessels 
thereof. And them that had escaped &om the sword, car- 
ried he away to Babylon : where they were servants to him 
and his sons, until the reign of the kingdom of Persia.— 
2 Chrtm. xxxvi : 11-20. 



Il^ 



168 SOTAL ABCB. 

Now in the first year of Cjrus, Iting of Persia, the Lord 
stirred up the spirit of Cyrus, kiog of Persia, that he made a 
proclamation throughout all his kingdoui, and put it also in 
wriiing, saying, Thus saith CjruB, king of Persia, The Lord 
God of HeavcD hath giveu mo all the kingdoms of the earth, 
and he hath charged me to build him an house at Jerusalem, 
which is in Judah. 

PROCLAMATION OF CYKUS. 

WHO IS THEEK AMONG YOU OF ALL HIS PEO- 
PLE? HIS GOD BE WITH HIM, AND LET HIM GO UP 
TO JERUSALEM WHICH IS IN JUDAH, AND BUILD 
THE HOUSE OF THE LORD GOD OF ISRAEL, HE IS 
THE GOD, WHICH IS IN JERUSALEM.— iira i : 1-3. 



And Mo^es snid unto God, Behold, wfaeu I come nato the 
children of Israel, and shall saj unto them, The Qod of yoiu 



8ECX)ND SECTION. 169 

fathers bath sent me unto you ; and they shall say to me, 
What is his name? 'what shall I say unto them? 

And God said unto Moses, I am that I am : And thus shalt 
thou say unto the children of Israel, I am hath sent me unto 
you. — ExoduBy iii : 13-14. 

Lord, I cry unto Thee : make haste unto me : give ear unto 
my voice. Let my prayer be set forth before Thee as incense, 
and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice. Set 
a watch, Lord, before my mouth; keep the door of my 
lips. Incline not my heart to any evil thing, to practice 
wicked works with men that work iniquity. Let the right- 
eous smite me, it shall be a kindness ; and let him reprove 
me, it shall be an excellent oil. Mine eyes are unto Thee, 
Ood the Lord : in Thee is my trust ; leave not my soul desti- 
tute. Keep me from the snares which they have laid for me, 
and the gins of the workers of iniquity. Let the wicked fall 
into their own nets, whilst that I withal escape. — Psalm^ czli. 

I cried unto the Lord with my voice; with my voice unto 
the Lord did I make my supplication. I poured out my 
complaint before him : I showed before him my trouble. 
When my spirit was overwhelmed within me, then Thou 
knewest my path : in the way wherein I walked have they 
privily laid a snare for me. L looked on my right hand, and 
beheld, but there was no man that would know me: refuge 
failed me : no man cared for my soul. I cried unto Thee, 
Lord: I said. Thou art my refuge, and my portion in the 
land of the living. Attend unto my cry; for I am brought 
very low : deliver me from my persecutors ; for they are 
stronger than I. Bring my soul out of darkness, that I may 
praise Thy name. — Psalm cxlii. 

Hear my prayer, O Lord ; give ear to my sapplications : in 
Thy faithfulness answer me, and in Thy righteousness. And 
enter not into judgment with Thy servant: for in Thy sight 
shall no man living be justified. For the enemy hath perse- 



170 ROYAL ABOH. 

onted my soul ; be hath Bmitten my life down to the ground : 
he hath made me to dwell in darkness. Therefore is my spirit 
overwhelmed with me : my heart within me is desolate. Hear 
me speedily, O Lord ; my spirit faileth : hide not Thy face 
from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit. 
Cause me to bear Thy loving kindness in the morning ; for 
in Thee do I trust: cause me to know the way wherein I 
should walk ; for I lift up my soul unto Thee. Teach me to 
do Thy will ; for Thou art my God : bring my soul out of 
trouble, and of Thy mercy cut off mine enemies, for I am Thy 
servant. — PmIiu cxliii. 

And Moses answered and said, But behold, they will not 
believe me, nor hearken unto my voice : for they will say, The 
Lord hath not appeared unto thee. And the Lord said unto 
him. What is that in thine hand ? And he said, A rod. 
And he said. Cast it on the ground; and he cast it on the 
ground, and it became a serpent ; and Moses fled from before 
it. And the Lord said unto Moses, Put forth thine hand, 
and take it by the tail. And he put forth his hand and 
caught it, and it became a rod in his hand. That they may 
believe that the Lord God of your fathers, the God of Abra- 
ham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, hath appeared 
unto thee. 

And the Lord said furthermore unto him, Put now thine 
hand into thy bosom ; and he put his hand into his bosom : 
and when he took it out, behold, his hand was leprous as 
snow. And He said. Put thine hand into thy bosom again : 
and he put his hand into his bosom again, and plucked it out 
of his bosom, and, behold, it was turned again as his other 
flesh. And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe thee, 
neither hearken to the voice of the first sign, that they will 
believe the voice of the latter sign. 

And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also these 
two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take 



SECOND BECTION. 171 

of the water of the river, and ponr it upon the dry land : and 
the water which thou takest out of the river, shall become 
blood upon the dry land. — Exodus^ iv : 1-10. 

In the seventh month, in the one-and-twentieth day of the 
month, came the word of the Lord by the prophet Haggai, 
saying, Speak now to Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, gov- 
ernor of Judah, and to Joshua the son of Josedech, the high 
priest, and to the residue of the people, saying. Who is left 
among you that saw this house in her first glory ? and how 
do ye see it now? is it not in your eyes in comparison of it as 
nothing? Yet now be strong, Zerubbabel, and be strong, 

Joshua, son of Josedech the high priest, and be strong all 
ye people of the land, and work ; for I am with you, according 
to the word which I covenanted with you when ye came out of 
Egypt, so my spirit remaineth among you : fear ye not. For 
thus saith the Lord of hosts, Yet once, it is a little while, and 

1 will shake the heavens, and the earth, and the sea, and the 
dry land : and I will shake all nations, and the desire of all 
nations shall come, and I will fill this house with glory. The 
silver is mine, and the gold is mine. The glory of this latter 
house shall be greater than df the fof iner, and in this place 
will I give peace. 

In that day will I take thee, O Zerubbabel, my servant, 
the son of Shealtiel, saith the Lord, and will make thee as a 
signet : for I have chosen thee. — Haggai ii : 1-9, 23. 



SECOND SECTION. 173 

This is the word of the Lord unto Zerubhabel, saying, 
Not by might nor power, but by my spirit. Who art thou, 
O great mountain? before Zerubbabel thou shalt become a 
plain, and he shall bring forth the head stone thereof with 
shouting, crying Grace, grace, unto it. Moreover the word 
of the Lord came unto me, saying. The hands of Zerubbabel 
liave laid the foundation of this house, his hands shall also 
finish it; and thou shalt know that the Lord of Hosts hath 
sent me unto you. For who hath despised the day of small 
things? for they shall rejoice, and shall see the plummet in 
the hands of Zerubbabel with those seven. — Zachariah iv : 
6-10. 

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with 
God, and the Word was Gcd. The same was in the beginning 
with God. All things were made by him ; and without him 
was not any thing made that was made. In him was life, and 
the life was the light of men. And the light shine th in dark- 
ness, and the darkness comprehendeth it not. — John i : 1-5. 

And it came to pass when Moses had made an end of 
writing the words of this law in a book, until they were 
finished, that Moses commanded the Levites which bare the 
ark of the covenant of the Lord, saying. Take this book of 
the law, and put it in the side of the ark of the covenant of 
the Lord your God, that it may be there for a witness against 
thee. — Deut. xxxi : 24-26. 

And thou shalt put the Mercy Seat above, upon the ark ; 
and in the ark thoul^halt put the testimony that I shall give 
thee. — ExoduBXXN: 21. 

And Moses said, This is the thing which the Lord com- 
mandeth. Fill an omer of the manna, to be kept for your 
generatyons : that they may see the bread wherewith I have 
fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you forth from the 
land of Egypt. And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a pot and 
put an omer full of manna therein, and lay it up before the 



174 BOTAL ABCH. 

Lord, to be kept for your generations. As the Lord com- 
manded Moses, so Aaron laid it up before the testimony to be 
kept. — Exodus xvi : 32-34. 

And the Lord said unto Moses, Bring Aaron's rod again 
before the testimony, to be kept for a token. — Numhen xvii : 
10. 

For there was a tabernaole made ; the first, wherein was the 
candlestick, and the table, and the shewbread ; which is called 
The Sanctuary. And after the vails, the tabernacle, which is 
called The Holiest of all ; which had a golden censer, and 
the ark of the covenant overlaid round about with gold, where- 
in was the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that 
budded, and the tables of the covenant ; and over it the cher- 
ubims of glory, shadowing the mercy seat ; of which we can 
not now speak particularly. — Hebrews ix : 2-6. 

In that day will I raise up the tabernacle of David that is 
fallen, and close up the breaches thereof, and I will raise uf 
his ruins, and I will build it as in the days of old. — Amos 
ix: 11. 



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176 ROYAL ARCH. 

And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, Lam tlie 
Lord : And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto 
Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name 
Jehovah was I not known to them. — Exodus vi : 2, 3. 

The following particulars, relative to King Solomon's 
Temple, may with propriety be here introduced, and can not 
be uninteresting to a Koyai Arch Mason : 

This famous fabric was situated on Mount Moriah, near the 
place where Abraham was about to offer up his son Isaac, and 
where David met and appeased the destroying angel. It was 
begun in the fourth year of the reign of Solomon ; the third 
after the death of David ; four hundred and eighty years after 
the passage of the Red Sea, and on the second day of the 
month Zif, being the second month of the sacred year, which 
answers to the twenty-first of April, in the year of the world 
2992, and was carried on with such prodigious speed, that it 
was finished, in all its parts, in little more than seven years. 

By the Masonic art, and the wise regulations of Solomon, 
every part of the building, whether of stone, brick, timber or 
metal, was wrought and prepared before it was brought to 
Jerusalem ; so that the only tools made use of in erecting the 
fabric were wooden instruments prepared for that purpose. 
The noise of the axe, the hammer, and every other tool of 
metal, was confined to the forests of Lebanon, where the timber 
was procured, and to Mount Libanus, and the plains and 
quarries of Zeredatha, where the stones were raised, squared, 
marked and numbered ; that nothing might be heard among 
the Masons at Jerusalem, but harmony and peace. 

In the year of the world 3029, King Solomon died, and 
was succeeded by his son Kehoboam, who, immediately after 
the death of his father, went down to Shechem, where the 
chiefs of the people were met together to proclaim him king. 

When Jeroboam, the son of Nebat, who was in Egypt, 
whither he had fled from the presence of Solomon, and whose 



SECOND SEOTION. 177 

ambition had long aspired to the throne, heard of the death 

of the king, he hastened to return from Egypt, to put himself 

at the head of the discontented tribes, and lead them on to 

rebellion. He accordingly assembled them together, and 

came to King Kehoboam, and spake to him after this manner: 

Thy father made our yoke grievous ; now, therefore, ease 

thou somewhat the grievous servitude of thy father, and his 

heavy yoke that he put upon us, and we will serve thee. And 

lie said unto them, Come again unto me after three days. 

And the people departed. And King Rehoboam took counsel 

with the old men that had stood before Solomon his father 

while he yet lived, saying. What counsel give ye me, to 

return answer to this people? And they spake unto him, 

saying, If thou be kind to this people, and please them, and 

speak good words to them, they will be thy servants for ever. 

But he forsook the counsel which the old men gave him, and 

took counsel with the young men that were brought up with 

him, that stood before him. And he said unto them, What 

advice give ye, that we may return answer to this people, 

which have spoken to me, saying. Ease somewhat the yoke 

that thy father did put upon us ? And the young men that 

were brought up with him spake unto him, saying. Thus shalt 

thou answer the people that spake unto thee, saying. Thy 

father made our yoke heavy, but make thou it somewhat 

lighter for us ; thus shalt thou say unto them, My little finger 

shall be thicker than my father^s loins. For, whereas my 

father put a heavy yoke upon you, I will put more to your. 

yoke : my &ther chastised you with whips, but I will chastise 

you with scorpions. So Jeroboam and all the people came to 

Behoboam on the third day, as the king bade, saying, come 

again to me on the third day. And the king answered them 

roughly; and King Behoboam forsook the counsel of the old 

men ; and answered them afler the advice of the young men, 

saying, My &ther made your yoke heavy, but I will add 

16 



178 ROTAL ARCH. 

thereto ; my father chastised you with whips, but I will chas- 
tise you with scorpions. And when all Israel saw that the 
king would not hearken unto them, the people answered the 
king, saying, What portion have we in David? and we have 
none inheritance in the son of Jesse: every man to your 
tents, Israel : and now, David, see to thine own house. So 
all Israel went to their tents. — 2 Chron. x. 

But as for the children of Israel that dwelt in the cities of 
Judah and Benjamin, Hehoboam reigned over them. 

In this manner were the tribes of Israel divided, and under 
two distinct governments, for two hundred and fifty-four 
years, when the ten revolted tribes, having become weak and 
degenerated, by following the wickedness and idolatry of the 
kings who governed them, fell a prey to Salmanezer, king of 
Assyria, who in the reign of Hoshea, king of Israel, besieged 
the city of Samaria, laid their country waste, and utterly 
extirpated their government. Such was the wretched fate of 
a people who disdained subjection to the laws of the house of 
David, and whose impiety and effeminacy ended in their 
destruction. 

After a series of changes and events, of which an account 
may be found in the history of the Temple, Nebuchadnezzar, 
king of Babylon, with his forces, took possession of Jeru- 
salem, and having made captive Jehoiachim the king of Judah, 
elevated his uncle Zedekiah to the throne, after binding him 
by a solemn oath, neither to make innovations in the govern- 
ment, nor to take part with the Egyptians in their wars 
against Babylon. 

At the end of eight years Zedekiah violated his oath to 
Nebuchadnezzar, by forming a treaty offensive and defensive 
with the Egyptians; thinking that jointly they could subdue 
the king of Babylon. Nebuchadnezzar immediately marched, 
and ravaged Zedekiah's country, seized his castle and fortress, 
and proceeded to the siege of Jerusalem. Pharaoh, learniBg 



SECOND SECTION. 179 

how Zedekiah was pressed, advanced to his relief, with a view 
of raising the siege. Nebuchadnezzar, having intimation 
thereof, would not wait his approach, but proceeded to give 
him battle, and in one contest drove him out of Syria. This 
circumstance suspended the siege. 

In the ninth year of Zedekiah's reign, the king of Baby- 
lon again besieged Jerusalem, with a large army, and for a 
year and a half exerted all his strength to conquer it; but the 
city did not yield, though enfeebled by famine and pestilence. 

In the eleventh year the siege went on vigorously; the 
Babylonians completed their works, having raised towers all 
round the city, so as to drive the invaded party from its walls. 
The place, though a prey to plague and famine, was obstin- 
ately defended during the space of a year and a half. But at 
length, want of provisions and forces compelled its surrender, 
and it was accordingly delivered, at midnight, to the officers 
of Nebuchadnezzar. 

Zedekiah, seeing the troops enter the Temple, absconded by 
a narrow pass to the desert, with his officers and friends : but 
advice of his escape being given to the Babylonians, they 
pursued them early in the morning, and surrounded them 
near Jericho, where they were bound, and carried before the 
king, who ordered his wives and children to be put to death 
in his sight; and then ordered Zedekiah's eyes to be put out, 
and himself conducted in chains to Babylon. 

After this victory, Nebuchadnezzar dispatched his principal 
officer, Nebuziiradan, to Jerusalem, to ransack and burn both 
palace and Temple, to raze the city to the ground, and con- 
duct the captive inhabitants to Babylon ; this order he ac- 
cordingly executed. Among the captives were the following 
persons of eminence : Seraiah, the High Priest; Zcphaniah, 
next in rank; the secretary to the kinz; three principal keep- 
en of the Temple ; seven of the king's chosen friends, and 
othar persons of distinotion. 



180 ROYAL A&CH. 

In the Boventieth year of the captiyity of ihe Jews, and the 
first of the reign of Cyrus, king of Persia, he issued his 
famous edict, purporting that the God adored by the Israelites 
was the eternal Being through whose bounty he enjoyed the 
regal dignity, and that he had found himself honorably men- 
tioned by the prophets of ancient date, as the person who 
should cause Jerusalem to be rebuilt, and restore the Hebrews 
to their former state of grandeur and independency ; he, 
therefore, gave orders for the release of the captiyes, with his 
permission to return to their own native country, to rebuild 
the city, and the house of the Lord. 

The principal people of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, 
with the priests and Leyites, immediately departed for Jeru- 
salem and commenced the undertaking; but many of the 
Jews determined to remain in Babylon rather than relinquish 
the possessions they had obtained in that city. 

CHARGE TO A NEWLY EXALTED COMPANION. 

" Worthy Companion : — By the consent and assistance of 
the members of this Chapter, you are now exalted to the sub- 
lime and honorable degree of a Boyal Arch Mason. 

'' Haying attained this degree, you haye arrived at the sum- 
mit and perfection of ancient Masonry ; and are consequently 
entitled to a full explanation of the mysteries of the Order. 

'^The rites and mysteries developed in this degree have 
been handed down through a chosen few, unchanged by time, 
and uncontrolled by prejudice ; and we expect and trust, they 
will be regarded by you with the same veneration, and trans- 
mitted with the same scrupulous purity to your successors. 

" No one can reflect on the ceremonies of gaining admis- 
sion into this place, without being forcibly struck with the 
important lessons which they teach. 

'* Here we are necessarily led to contemplate with gratitude 
nd admiration the sacred source firom whence all earthly 



SECOND Motion. 181 

comforts flow ; here we find additional inducements to con- 
tinue steadfast and immorable in the discharge of our respec- 
tiye duties ; and here we are bound, by the most solemn ties, 
to promote each others' welfare and correct each others' fail- 
ings, by advice, admonition and reproof. 

"As it is our most earnest desire, and a duty we owe to 
oar Companions of this Order, that the admission of every 
candidate into this Chapter should be attended by the appro- 
bation of the most scrutinizing eye^ we hope always to possess 
the satisfaction of finding none among us, but such as will 
promote to the utmost of their power the great end of our 
institution. By paying due attention to this determination, 
we expect you will never recommend any candidate to this 
Chapter, whose abilities, and knowledge of the foregoing de- 
grees, you can not freely vouch for, and whom you do not 
firmly and confidently believe, will fully conform to the princi- 
ples of our Order, and fulfill the obligations of a Koyal Arch 
Mason. While such are our members, we may expect to be 
united in one object, without lukewarmness, inattention or 
neglect; and that zeal, fidelity, and affection, will be the dis- 
tinguishing characteristics of our society, and that satisfac- 
tion, harmony and peace be enjoyed at our meetings, which 
no other society can afford.'' 



182 BOTAL ARCH. 

CLOSING. 

The Chnpter is closed with soleTxin ceremonies ; and the 
following prayer is rehearsed, by the Most Excellent High 
Priest : 

" By the Wisdom of the Supremo High Priest may we be di- 
rected, by his Strenglh may we be enabled, and by the Beavty 
of virtue may we be incited, to perform the obligations here 
enjoined on us; to keep inviolably the mysteries here unfolded 
to us ; and invariably to practise all those duties out of the 
Chapter, which are inculcated in it." 

Response : So mote it be. Amen. 



After these observations, little more can be wanted to en- 
courage the zealous Mason to persevere in his researches. 
"Whoever has traced the Art in regular progression from the 
commencement of the first to the conclusion of the seventh 
degree, according to the plan here laid down, will have 
amassed an ample store of useful learning: and must reflect 
with pleasure on the good effects of his past diligence and at- 
tention ; while, by applying the whole to the general advan- 
tage of society, he will observe method in the proper distribu- 
tion of what he has acquired, secure to himself the veneration 
of MasonS; and the approbation of all good men. 



THE ORDER 



OF 



HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 



This Order, when conferred with solemn ceremony, as in 
Ohio and Kentucky, is truly grand and imposing; hut in 
general it is only communicated in a convocation of three or 
more Past High Priests, and without ceremony. This is in 
accordance with a common practice in the Ancient and Ac- 
ceptcd Rite, from which the Order was chiefly borrowed. 






Ifi«$ll|i(Ili!Sl|i^ 



CHAPTER XV. 

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORDER OP HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 

This Order appertains to the office of High Priest of a 
Koyal Arch Chapter, and no one can he legally entitled to 
receive it until he has been elected to sustain that office in 
Bome regular Chapter of Royal Arch Masons. 

The following passages of Scripture are made use of during 
the ceremonies appertaining to this Order, viz. : 

And they took Lot, Abram's brother's son, who dwelt in 
Sodom, and his goods, and departed. And there came one 
that had escaped, and told Abram the Hebrew ; for he dwelt 
in the plain of Mamre the Amorite, brother of Eschol, and 
brother of Aner: and these were confederate with Abram. 
And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, 
lie armed his trained servants, born in his own house, three 
hundred and eighteen, and pursued them unto Dan. And 
be divided himself against them, he and his servants, by 
night, and smote them, and pursued them unto Hobah, which 
is on the left hand of Damayus. And he brought back all 
the goods, and also brought again his brother Lot, and his 
goods, and the women also, and the people. And the king of 
Sodom went out to meet him (after his return from the 
tUaghter of Chedorlaomer, and of the kings that were with 
17 



186 HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 

him), at the yallej of Shevah, which is the king's dale. And 
Melchisedek, king of Salem, brought forth bread and wine : 
and he was the priest of the most high God. And he blessed 
him, and said, Blessed be Abram of the most high Ood, por- 
sessor of heaven and earth : and blesssed be the most high 
God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand. 
And he gave him tithes of all. And the king of Sodom said 
unto Abraham, Give me the persons, and take the goods i o 
thyself. And Abram said to the king of Sodom, I have lifted 
up mine hand unto the Lord, the most high God, the po! - 
sessor of heaven and earth, that I will not take iVom a threa I 
even to a shoe-latchet, and that I will not take any thing thi t 
is thine, lest thou shouldest' say, I have made Abram rich : 
Save only that which the young men have eaten, and th q 
portion of the men which went with me, Aner, Eschol, 
and Mamre ; let them take their portion. — Genesis xiv : 
12-24. 

And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying, << Speak unto 
Aaron, and unto his sons, saying. On this wise ye shall bless 
the children of Israel, saying unto them. The Lord bless thee, 
and keep thee; the Lord make his face shine upon thee, and 
be gracious unto thee ; the Lord lift up his countenance upou 
thee, and give thee peace. — Numha-s vi : 22-26. 

For this Melchisedek, king of Salem, priest of the most 
high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter oi 
the kings, and blessed him ; to whom also Abraham gave a 
tenth part of all ; (first being, by interpretation. King ol 
Bighteousness, and after that also King of Salem, which is, 
King of Peace; without father, without mother, without 
descent, having neither beginning of days nor end of life, 
but made like unto the Son of God) ; abideth a priest contin- 
ually. Now consider how great this man was, unto whom 
even the patriarch Abraham gave the tenth of the spoils. 
And verily they that are of the sons of Levi, who receive the 



HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 187 

office of the priesthood, have a commandment to take tithes 
of the people according to the law, that is, of their brethren, 
though they come out of the loins of Abraham. — Htb. vii: 1-5. 

For he testifieth, Thou art a priest for ever, after the order 
of Melchisedek. 

And inasmuch as not without an oath he was made priest. 

For those priests (under the Levitical law) were made with- 
out an oath ; but this with an oath, by him that said unto 
him, The Lord sware, and will not repent, Thou art a Priest 
for ever, after the order of Melchisedek. — Heb, vii : 17-21. 

GXBEMONIES AND CHARGES UPON CONSTITUTING AND 

DEDICATING A ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER AND 

INSTALLING ITS OFFICERS. 

In the original editions there is a historical account of Rojal Arch 
Masonry of 25 pages inserted here, which seems to us unsuited to the 
place, and unnecessarily cumhersome to the volume. It is therefore 
omitted. 

I. The Orand officers will meet at a convenient place, and 
open. 

II. The subordinate Chapter will meet in the outer courts 
of their hall, and form an avenue for the reception of the 
Grand officers. 

III. When formed, they will dispatch a committee to the 
place where the Grand officers are assembled, to inform the 
Grand Marshal that the chapter is prepared to receive them ; 
the Grand Marshal will announce the same to the Grand 
officers, and introduce the Committee. 

lY. The Grand officers will move in procession, conducted 
by the Committee, to the hall of the Chapter. 

When the Grand High Priest enters, the Grand Chapter 
will give the Grand Honors, 

y. When the Grand oiScers have passed through the 
avenue they countermarch in the rear of the left-hand line 



188 HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 

and face to the left. In the meantime the Chapter will form 
rank entire and face to the front. The officers of the Chapter 
then file off and form a front rank, two paces in advance of 
their members. 

VI. The Grand Secretary will then call over the names oi 
the officers elect ; and the Grand High Priest will ask whether 
they accept their respective offices. If they answer in the 
affirmative, he then asks the members whether they remain 
satisfied with their choice. If they answer in the affirmative, 
he directs their officers to approach the sacred volume, and 
become qualified for installation, according to ancient usage 
and custom. 

VII. The Grand Marshal will then form the whole in pro- 
cession, and they will march through the veils into the inner 
apartment, where they will surround the altar, which is pre- 
viously furnished and prepared in ample form for the occasion. 

VIII. All present will then kneel, and the following prayer 

will be recited : 

Prayer. 

"Almighty and Supreme High Priest of heaven and earth! 
Who is there in heaven but thee, and who upon earth can 
stand in competition with thee? Thy Omniscient mind 
brings all things in review, past, present and to come : thine 
Omnipotent arm directs the movements of the vast creation; 
thine Omnipresent eye pervades the secret recesses of every 
heart ; thy boundless beneficence supplies us with eveiy com- 
fort and enjoyment; and thine unspeakable i>erfection& and 
glory surpass the understandings of the children of men I 
Our Father, who art in heaven, we invoke thy benediction 
upon the purposes of our present assembly. Let this Chaptei 
be established to thine honor: let its officers be endowed •witl 
wisdom to discern, and fidelity to pursue, its truest interests : 
let its members be ever mindful of the duty they owe to their 
QoD ; the obedience they owe to their superiors ; the love they 



HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 189 

owe to their equals, and the good will they owe to all man- 
kind. Let this Chapter he consecrated to thy glory, and its 
memhers ever exemplify their love to God hy their beneficence 
to man. Glory be to God on hip:h." 

Response — "Amen. So mote it be." 

All the Companions except the High Priests and Past High 
Priests, are then desired to withdraw, while the new High 
Priest is solemnly bound to the performance of his duties ; 
and after the performance of other necessary ceremonies, not 
proper to be written, they are permitted to Return. 

IX. The whole then repair to their appropriate stations. 

Note. — Those para^aphs which are inclosed within brackets apply 
exclusively to cases where new Chapters are constituted, and Uieir 
oflScers installed for the first time. The rest apply equally to such cases 
and to annual installations. 

X. An Anthem or Ode is to be performed. 

XI. An Oration or Address is to be delivered. 

XII. An Ode or piece of Music. 

[XIII. The Deputy Grand High Priest then rises and 
informs the Grand High Priest, that '^a number of Com- 
panions, duly instructed in the sublime mysteries, being 
desirous of promoting the honor, and propagating the prin- 
ciples of the Art, have applied to the Grand Chapter for a 
warrant to constitute a new Chapter of Eoyal Arch Masons, 
which, having obtained, they are now assembled for the pur- 
pose of being constituted, and having their officers installed 
in due and ancient form."] 

[XIV. The Grand Marshal will then form the officers and 
members of the new Chapter in front of the Grand officers ; 
after which, the Grand High Priest directs the Grand Secre- 
tary to read the warrant.] 

[XV. The Grand High Priest then rises and says: "By 
tirtue of the high powers in me vested, I do form you, my 



190 HIGH FBISBTHOOD. 

respected Companions, into a regular Chapter of Royal Arch 
Masons. From henceforth yon are authorized and empowered 
to open and hold a Lodge of Mark Masters, Past Masters, and 
Most Excellent Masters, and a Chapter of Royal Arch Masons; 
and to do and perform all such things as therennto may 
appertain; conforming, in all your doings, to the General 
Grand Royal Arch Constitution, and the general regulations of 
the State Grand Chapter. And may the God of your fathers 
be with you, guide and direct you in all your doings.'*] 

[XVI. The Public Grand Honors will then be given by the 
officers and members of the new Chapter while passing in 
review in front of the Grand officers.] 

[XVII. The furniture, clothing, jewels, implements, uten- 
sils, etc., belonging to the Chapter (having been previously 
placed in the center, in front of the Grand officers, covered), 
are now uncovered, and the' new Chapter is dedicated in due 
and ancient form, as is well described in the Most Excellent 
Master's Degree.] 

INSTALLATION. 

XVIII. The Deputy Grand High Priest will then present 
the first officer of the new Chapter to the Grand High Priest, 
saying, 

" Most Excellent Grand High Priest : — I present you 

my worthy Companion , nominated in the warrant, 

to be installed High Priest of this new Chapter. I find him 
to be skillful in the royal Art, and attentive to the moral 
precepts of our forefathers, and have therefore no doubt but 
he will discharge the duties of his office with fidelity." 

The Grand High Priest then addresses him as follows : 

"Most Excellent Companion: — ^I feel 
much satisfaction in performing my duty on 
the present occasion, by installing you into 
the office of High Priest of this new Chapter. 
It is an office highly honorable to all those 




HIGH PBISSTHOOD. 191 

who diligently perfonn the important duties annexed to it. 
YojiT reputed Masonic knowledge, however, precludes the 
necessity of a particular enumeration of those duties. I shall, 
therefore, only observe, that by a frequent recurrence to the 
Constitution, and General regulations, and constant practice 
of the several sublime lectures and charges, you will be best 
able to fulfill them ; and I am confident that the Companions 
who are chosen to preside with you, will give strength to 
your endeavors, and support your exertions. I shall now 
propose certain questions to you, relative to the duUes of 
your office, and to which I must request your unequivocal 
answer : 

<^1. Do you solemnly promise that you will redouble your 
endeavors to correct the vices, purify the morals, and promote 
the happiness of those of your Companions, who have attained 
this sublime degree ? 

"2, That you will never suffer your Chapter to be opened, 
unless there be present nine regular Royal Arch Masons ? 

*< 3. That you will never suffer either more or less than three 
brethren to be exalted in your Chapter at one and the same 
time? 

This mle in practice is relaxed, and technically obeerved by ad- 
mitting one and sometimes two Companions as substitutes, where the 
necessity of the case seems to demand it. 

^'4. That you will not exalt any one to this degree, who has 
not shown a charitable and humane disposition ; or who has 
not made a considerable proficiency in the foregoing degrees? 

''5. That you will promote the general good of our Order, 
and, on all proper occasions, be ready to give and receive 
i'lstructions, and particularly from the General and State 
irrand officers? 

<*6. That, to the utmost of your power, you will preserve the 
solemnities of our ceremonies, and behave, in open Chapter, 



192 HIGH FBISSTHOOD. 

with the most profound respect and reverence, as an example 
to your Companions ? 

"7. That you will not acknowledge or have intercourse with 
any Chapter that does not work under a constitutional warrant 
or dispensation? 

"8. That you will not admit any visitor into your Chapter, 
who has not heen exalted in a Chapter legally constituted, 
without his heing first formally healed? 

"9. That you will ohserve and support such hy-laws as may 
he made hy your Chapter, in conformity to the General Grand 
Royal Arch Constitution, and the general regulations of the 
Grand Chapter? 

" 1 0. That you pay due respect and ohedience to the instruc- 
tions of the General and State Grand officers, particularly re- 
lating to the several lectures and charges, and will resign the 
Chair to them, severally, when they may visit your Chapter? 

"11. That you will support and observe the General Grand 
Hoyal Arch Constitution, and the general regulations of the 
Grand Royal Arch Chapter, under whose authority you act? 

" Do you submit to all these things, and do you promise to 
observe and practice them faithfully?" 

These questions being answered in the affirmative, the Com- 
panions all kneel, and the Grand Chaplain repeats the follow- 
ing or some other suitable prayer : 

" Most Holy and glorious Lord God, the Great High Priest 
of heaven and earth I we approach thee with reverence, and 
implore thy blessings on the Companion appointed to preside 
over this new assembly, and now prostrate before thee ; fill his 
heart with fear, that his tongue and actions may pronounce thy 
glory. Make him steadfast in thy service ; grant him firm- 
ness of mind; animate liis heart, and strengthen his endeavors; 
may he teach thy judgments and thy laws ; and may the in- 
cense he shall put before thee, upon thine altar, prove an 
acceptable sacrifice unto thee. Bless him, Loed, and bless 



J 



HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 193 

the work of his hands. Accept us, in mercy ; hear thou from 
heaven, thy dwelling-place, and forgive our transgressions. 
Glory be to God the Father : as it was in the beginning," etc. 
Response. — " So mote it be.'* 

XIX. The Grand High Priest will then cause the High 
Priest elect to be invested with his clothing, badges, etc. ] 
after which he will address him as follows : 

"Companion: — In consequence of your cheerful acquies- 
cence with the charges, which you have heard recited, you are 
qualified for installation as the High Priest of this Eoyal 
Arch Chapter ; and it is incumbent upon me, upon this occa- 
sion, to point out some of the particulars appertaining to your 
office, duty and dignity. 

<' All legally constituted bodies of Royal Arch Masons are called Chap- 
ters: as regular bodies of Masons of all other degrees are called Lodges. 
Every Chapter ought to assemble for work at least once in every three 
months, and must consist of a High Priest, King, Scribe, Captain of the 
Host, Principal Sojourner, Boyal Arch Captain, Three Masters of the 
"Veils, Secretary, Treasurer, and as many members as may be found con- 
venient for working to advantage. The officers of the Chapter officiate 
in the Lodges holden for conferring the preparatory degrees according 
to rank, as follows: 

The High Priest as Master. 

The King as Senior Warden. 

The Scribe as Junior Warden. 

The Captain of the Host as Marshal, or Master of Ceremonies. 

The Principal Sojourner as Senior Deacon. 

The Royal Arch Captain as Junior Deacon. 

The Master of the First Veil as Junior Overseer. 

The Master of the Second Veil as Senior Overseer. 

The Master of the Third Veil as Master Overseer. 

The Secretary, Treasurer, and Tyler as officers of corresponding rank. 

The High Priest of every Chapter has it in special charge to see that 
the By-Laws of his Chnpter, as well as the Grand Royal Arch Constitu- 
tion and the Regulations of the Grand Chapter, are well observed: that 
aU the officers of his Chapter perform the duties of their respective offi- 



194 HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 

ces fiuthixillj, and are examples of diligence and industry to their com- 
panions ; that true and accurate records of all the proceedings of the 
Chapter are kept by the {Secretary ; that the Treasurer keeps and ren- 
ders exact and just accounts of all the moneys and other property be- 
longing to the Chapter ; that the regular returns be made annually to 
the Grand Chapter ; and that the annual dues to the Grand Chapter 
be regularly and punctually paid. He has the right and authority of 
calling his Chapter together at pleasure upon any emergency or occur- 
rence which, in his judgment, may require their meeting. It is hifl 
privilege and duty, together with the King and Scribe, to attend the 
meetings of the Grand Chapter, either m person or by proxy ; and the 
well-being of the institution requires that his duty should on no occa- 
sion be omitted." 

*' The office of High Priest is a station highly honorable to 
all those who diligently perform the important duties annexed 
to it. By a frequent recurrence to the Constitution and gen- 
eral regulations, and a constant practice of the several sublime 
lectures and charges, you will be best enabled to fulfill those 
duties; and I am confident that the Companions, who are 
chosen to preside with you, will give strength to your en- 
deavors, and support to your exertions. 

" Let the mitre, with which you are invested, remind you 
of the dignity of the office you sustain, and its inscription 
impress upon your mind a sense of your dependence upon 
Odd ; that perfection is not given unto man upon earth, and 
that perfect koUnesi helongeth alone tmto (he Lard, 

" The breast-plate with which you are decorated, in imita- 
tion of that upon which were engraven the names of the 
twelve tribes, and worn by the High Priest of Israel, is to 
teach you that you are always to bear in mind your responsi- 
bility to the laws and ordinances of the institution, and that 
the honor and interests of your Chapter and its members, 
should be always n^ar your heart. 

" The various colors of the Robes you wear, arQ emblemati- 
cal of every grace and virtue which can adorn and beautify 
the human mind ; each of which will be briefly illustrated in 



HIGH PBIESTHOOD. 195 

the coarse of the charges to be delivered to your subordinate 
officers. 

" Yoa will now take charge of your officers, standing upon their right^ 
and present them seyerallj in succession to the Deputy Grand High 
Priest, by whom they will be presented to me for installation." 

XX. The High Priest of the Chapter will then present his 
second officer to the Deputy G-rand High Priest, who will pre- 
sent him to the Grand High Priest, in the words of the Con- 
stitution. The Grand High Priest will ask him whether he 
has attended to the ancient charges and regulations before 
recited to his superior officer ; if he answers in the affirma- 
tive, he is asked whether he fully and freely assents to the 
same ; if he answers in the affirmative, the Grand High Priest 
directs his Deputy to invest him with his clothing, etc., and 
then addresses him as follows, viz. : 

CHABGS TO THB SECOND OFFIOER OR KING. 

<< Companion : — The important station to 
which you are elected in this Chapter, requires 
from you exemplary conduct ; its duties de- 
mand your most assiduous attention ; you are 
to second and support your chief in all the 
requirements of his office ; and should casualties at any time 
prevent his attendance, you are to succeed him in the per- 
formance of his duties. Your badge (the Level, ntrmaunied 
hy a Orovm) should remind you, that although you are the 
representative of a king, and exalted by office above your 
companions, yet that you remain upon a level with them, as 
respects your duty to God, to your neighbor, and to yourself; 
that you are equally bound with them to be obedient to the 
laws and ordinances of the institution, to be charitable, hu- 
mane and just, and to seek every occasion of doing good. 

" Your office teaches a striking lesson of humility. The 




196 HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 

institutions of political society teach us to consider the king 
as the chief of created beings, and that the first duty of his 
subjects is to obey his mandates ; but the institutions of our 
sublime degrees, by placing the King in a situation subordin- 
ate to the High Priest, teach us that our duty to God is 
paramount to all other duties, and should ever claim the pri- 
ority of our obedience to man ; and that, however strongly 
we may be bound to obey the laws of civil society, yet that 
those laws, to be just, should never intermeddle with matters 
of conscience, nor dictate articles of faith. 

" The Scarlet Rohe^ an emblem of imperial dignity, should 
remind you of the paternal concern you should ever feel for 
the welfare of your Chapter, and the ardent zeal with which 
you should endeavor to promote its prosperity. 

" In presenting to you the Crown, which is an emblem of 
royalty, I would remind you that, to reign sovereign in the 
hearts and affections of men, must be far more grateful to a 
generous and benevolent mind, than to rule over their lives 
and fortunes ; and that to enable you to enjoy this pre-emi- 
nence with honor and satisfaction, you must subject your own 
passions and prejudices to the dominion of reason and 
charity. 

" You are entitled to the second seat in the council' of your 
companions. Let the bright example of your illustrious pre- 
decessor in the Grand Council at Jerusalem, stimulate you to 
the faithful discharge of your duties ; and when the King of 
kings shall summon you into his immediate presence, from his 
hand may you receive a crown of glory, which shall never 
fade away." 

XXI. The King will then retire to the line of officers, and 
the Scribe will be presented in the manner before mentioned. 
After his investiture, the Grand High Priest will address him 
as follows, viz. : 




HIQH PRIESTHOOD. 197 

CHARGE TO THE THIRD OFFICER, OR SCRIBE. 

"Companion: — The office of Scribe, to 
which you are elected, is very important and 
respectable. In the absence of your superior 
officers, you are bound to succeed them and 
perform their duties. The purposes of the 
institution ought never to suffer for want of intelligence in 
its proper officers ; you will therefore perceive the necessity 
there is of your possessing such qualifications as will enable 
you to accomplish those duties which are incumbent upon 
you, in your appropriate station, as well as those which may 
occasionally devolve on you by the absence of your superiors. 

" The Purple Rohe^ with which you are invested, is an emblem 
of union, and is calculated to remind you that the harmony 
and unanimity of the Chapter should be your constant aim ; 
and to this end you are studiously to avoid all occasions of 
giving offense, or countenancing any thing that may create 
divisions or dissensions. You are, by all the means in your 
power, to endeavor to establish a permanent union and good 
understanding among all orders and degrees of Masonry ; 
and, as the glorious sun, at its meridian hight, dispels the 
mist and clouds which obscure the horizon, so may your exer- 
tions tend to dissipate the gloom of jealousy and discord 
whenever they may appear. 

" Your badge (a Plumb-rule, surmounted hi/ the Turban) is 
an emblem of rectitude and vigilance; and while you stand as 
a watchman upon the tower, to guard your companions against 
the approach of those enemies of human felicity, intemperance 
and excess, let this faithful monitor ever remind you to walk 
uprightly in your station ; admonishing and animating your 
companions to fidelity and industry while at labor, and to 
temperance and moderation while at refreshment. And when 
the great Watchman of Israel, whose eye never slumbers nor 




198 HIQH PBIS8THOOD. 

sleeps, shall relieve yoa from your post on earth, may he 
permit you, in heaven, to participate in that food and refresh- 
ment vhich is 

' Such as the saints in glory loye, 
And sueh as angels eat.' " 

XXII. The Scribe will then retire to the line of officers, 
and the next officer be presented as before. 

CHARGE TO THE FOURTH OFFICER, OR CAPTAIN OF THE HOST. 

"Companion : — The office with which you 
are entrusted is of high importance, and 
demands your most zealous consideration. 
The preservation of the most essential traitE 
of our ancient customs, usages and land- 
marks, are within your province; and it is indispensably 
necessary that the part assigned to you, in the immediate prac- 
tice of our rites and ceremonies, should be perfectly under- 
stood and correctly adminbtered. He that brings the - blind 
by a way that they knew not, and leads them in paths that they 
have not known, should always be well qualified to make 
darkness light before them and crooked things straight. 

" Your office corresponds with that of Mdrshaly or Master 
of Ceremonies. You are to superintend all processions of 
your Chapter, when moving as a distinct body, either in public 
or private; and as the world can only judge of our private 
discipline by our public deportment, you will be careful that 
the utmost order and decorum be observed on all sueh occa- 
sions. 

XXIII. He will then retire to the line of officers, and thr 
next officer will be presented. 




HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 199 

CHARGE TO THE EIFTH OFFICER, OR PRINCIPAL SOJOURNER. 

" Companion : — The office coDfided to you, 
though subordinate in degree, is equal in 
importance to any in the Chapter, that of 
your chief alone excepted. Tour office cor- 
responds with that of Senior Deacon^ in the 
preparatory degrees. Among the duties required of you, the 
preparation and introduction of candidates are not the least. 
As in our intercourse with the world, experience teaches that 
first impressions are oflen the most durable, and the most dif- 
ficult to eradicate; so it is of great importance, in all cases, 
that those impressions should be correct and just ; hence it is 
essential that the officer, who sustains the station assigned to 
you should possess a thorough knowledge of his various 
duties ; and that he should execute them with a promptitudo 
and propriety of deportment that shall give them their 
proper efieot. 

" Tour robe of office is an emblem of humility ; and teaches 
that, in the prosecution of a laudable undertaking, we should 
never decline taking any part that may be assigned us, although 
it may be the most difficult or dangerous. 

" The rose-colored tesselated border, adorning the robe, is an * 
emblem of ardor and perseverance, and signifies, that when 
we have engaged in a virtuous course, notwithstanding all 
the impediments, hardships and trials we may be destined to 
encounter, we should endure them all with fortitude, and 
ardently persevere unto the end ; resting assured of receiving, 
at the termination of our labors, a noble and glorious reward. 
The White Banner entrusted to your care is emblematical oi 
that purity of life and rectitude of conduct which should dis- 
tinguish every one that passess the white veil of the sanctu- 
ary. Tour past exertions will be considered as a pledge o 
your future assiduity in the faithful discharge of your duties.' ' 




200 HIQH PRIESTHOOD. 

XXIY. He will then retire to the line of officers, and the 
next officer is presented. 

CHARGE TO THE SIXTH OFFICER, OR ROYAL ARCH CAPTAIN. 

"Companion: — The well-known duties of 
your station require but little elucidation. 
Your office in the preparatory degrees cor- 
responds with that of Junior Deacon.^ It is 
your particular province, conjointly with the 
Captain of the Host, to attend the examination 
of all visitors, and to take care that none are permitted to 
enter the Chapter but such as have traveled the rugged path of 
trial, and evinced their title to our favor and friendship. You 
will be attentive to obey the commands of your chief and 
always near at hand to execute them. 

" I give it to you strongly in charge, never to suffer any one 
to pass your post without the Signet of Truth, I present you 
the badge of your office, in expectation of your performing 
your duties with intelligence, assiduity and propriety." 

XXV. He then retires, and the three Grand Masters of the 
Veils are presented together. 

CHARGE TO THE MASTER OF THE THIRD VEIL. 

"Companion: — I present you with the 
Scarlet Banner y which is the ensign of your 
office, and with a sword to protect and defend 
the same. The rich and beautiful color of 
your banner is emblematical of /ert?eitcy and 

fidelity; it is the appropriate color of the Royal Arch degree. 

It admonishes us that we should be fervent in the exercise of 

our devotions to God, and faithful in our endeavors to promote 

the happiness of man." 

* In this place as in a preceding page it is " Senior" Deaoon. This is 
opposed to theory and practice and we change it. 





HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 201 

OHAROE TO THE MASTER OF THE SECOND VEIL. 

"Companion: — I invest you with the 
Purple Banner^ which is the ensign of your 
office, and arm you with a sword, to enable 
you to maintain its honor. The color of your 
banner is produced by a combination of two 
distinct colors, namely, blue and scarlet ; the former of which 
is the characteristic color of the $ymholic or fint three degree* 
of Matonry^ and the latter that of the Royal Arch degree. 
It is an emblem of umon^ and is the characteristic color of the 
intermediate degrees. It admonishes us to cultivate and im- 
prove that spirit of union and harmony, between the brethren 
of the symbolic degrees, and the companions of the sublime 
degrees, which should ever distinguish the members of a 
society founded upon the principles of everlasting truth and 
universal philanthropy.'' 

CHARQE TO THE MASTER OP THE FIRST VEIL. 

" Companion :— I invest you with the Blue 
Banner^ which is the ensign of your office, 
and a sword for its defense and protection. 
The color of your banner is one of the most 

durable and beauti^l in nature. It is the 

appropriate color adopted and worn by our ancient brethren 
of the three symbolic degrees, and is the peculiar characteristic 
of an institution which has stood tlie test of ages, and which 
is as much distinguished by the durability of its materials or 
principles, as by the beauty of its superstructure. It is an 
emblem of universal benevolence ; and instructs us that in the 
mind of a Mason this virtue should be as expansive as the 
bine arch of heaven itself." 

18 





202 HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 

CHARGE TO THE THREE MASTERS OF THE VEILS, AS OVERSEERS. 

" Companions : — Those wlio are placed as overseers of any 
work should be well qaalified to jndge of its beauties and 
deformities, its excellencies and defects ; they should be capa- 
ble of estimating the former and amending the latter. This 
consideration should induce you to cultivate and improve all 
those qualifications with which you are already endowed, as 
well as to persevere in your endeavors to acquire those in 
which you may be in any wise deficient. Let the various 
colors of the banners committed to your charge, admonish you 
to the exercise of the several virtues of which they are emble- 
matic ; and you are to enjoin the practice of those virtues 
upon all who shall present themselves, or the work of their 
hands for your inspection. Let no work receive your appro- 
bation but such as is calculated to adorn and strengthen the 
Masonic edifice. Be industrious and faithful in practicing 
and disseminating a knowledge of the true and perfect work, 
which alone can stand the test of the Grand Overseer's square^ 
in the great day of trial and retribution. Then, although 
every rod should become a serpent, and every serpent an enemy 
to this institution, yet shall their utmost exertions to destroy 
its reputation, or sap its foundation, become as impotent as 
the leprous hand, or as water spilled upon the grouiul, which 
can not be gathered up again.'' 

XXVI. They then retire, and the Secretary is presented. 

CHARGE TO THE SECRETARY. 

" Companion : — I with pleasure invest you 
with your badge as Secretary of this Chapter, 
{"he qualities which should recommend a Son^" 
retaxy aTe,promptitudem issuing notifications 
and orders of his superior officers; punctu- 
ality in attending the meetings of the Chapter ; carreclness in 




HiaH PRIESTHOOD. 203 

recording their proceedings ; judgment in discriminating be- 
tween what is proper and what is improper to be committed 
to writing ; regularity in making his annual returns to the 
Grand Chapter ; integrity in accounting for all moneys that 
may pass through his hands ; and fidelity in paying the same 
OTcr into the hands of the Treasurer. The possession of these 
good qualities, I presume, has designated you a suitable can- 
didate for this important office ; and I can not entertain a 
doubt that you will discharge its duties beneficially to the 
Chapter, and honorably to yourKclf. And when you shall 
have completed the record of your transactions here below, 
and finished the term of your probation, may you be admitted 
into the celestial Grand Chapter of saints and angels, and 
find your name recordtdixi the hook of life eternal^ 

XXYII. He then retires, and the Treasurer is presented. 

CHARGE TO THE TREASURER. ^ 

" Companion : — You are elected Treasurer 
of this Chapter, and I have the pleasure of 
inyesting you with the badge of your office. 
The qualities which should recommend a 
Treasurer, are accuracy and fidelity; accu- 
racy in keeping a fair and minute account of all receipts and 
disbursements; fidelity in carefully preserving all the property 
and funds of the Chapter, that may be placed in his hands, 
and rendering a just account of the same, whenever he is 
called upon for that purpose. I presume that your respect 
for the institution, your attachment to the interests of your 
Chapter, and your regard for a good name, which is better 
than precious ointment, will prompt you to the faithful dis- 
charge of the duties of your office." 

XXVIII. He then retires, and the Stewards are presented. 




2t)4 HIGH pbhothood. 



CHABOE TO THE STEWARDS. 




" Companions : — ^Tou being elected Stew - 
ards of this Chapter, I with pleasure inyest 
you with the badges of your office. It is 
your province to see that every necessary 
preparation is made for the convenience and 
accommodation of the Chapter, previous to the time appointed 
for meeting. Ton are to see that the clothing, implements 
and furniture of each degree, respectively, are properly dis- 
posed and in suitable array for use, whenever they may be 
required, and that they are secured, and proper care taken of 
them, when the business of the Chapter is over. You are to 
see that necessary refreshments are provided, and that all your 
companions, and particularly visitors, are suitably accommo- 
dated and supplied. You are to be frugal and prudent in 
your disbursements, and to be careful that no extravagance 
or waste is committed in your department: and when you 
have faithfully fulfilled your stewardship here below, may you 
receive from heaven the happy greeting of ' Well done, good 
and faithfVil servants.' " 

XXIX. They then retire, and the Tyler is presented. 

CHAAQE TO THE TYLER. 

"Companion: — You are appointed Tyler 
of this Chapter, and I invest you with this 
implement of your office. As the sword is 
placed in the hands of the Tyler, to enable 
him effectually to guard against the approach 
of cowans and eavesdroppers, and suffer none to pass or re- 
pass but such as are duly qualified ; so it should morally servo 
as a constant admonition to us to set a guard at the entrance 
of our thoughts, to place a watch at ihe door of our lips ; to 
post a sentinel at the avenue of our aotions ; ihereby excladiag 




HIGH PBUB8TH00D. 206 

every nnqnalified and unworthy thought, word, and deed; 
and preserving consciences void of offense toward God and 
toward man. 

As the first application from visitors for admission into the 
Chapter is generally made to the Tyler at the door, your sta- 
tion will often present yon to the observation of strangers ; 
it is, therefore, essentially necessary that he who sustains the 
office with which you are intrusted, should be a man of good 
morals, steady habits, strict discipline, temperate, affable, and 
discreet. I trust that a just regard for the honor and reputa- 
tion of the institution will ever induce you to perform, with 
fidelity, the trust reposed in you ; and when the door of this 
earthly tabernacle shall be closed, may you find an abundant 
entrance through the gates into the temple and city of our 
God. 

XXX. He will then retire, and then follows an 

ADDBSSS TO THE HIGH PBIE8T. 

"H. E. Companion: — Having been honored with the firee 
suffrages of the members of this Chapter, you are elected to 
the most important office which is within their power to be- 
Btow. This expression of their esteem and respect should 
draw from you corresponding sensations; and your demeanor 
should be such as to repay the honor they have so conspicu- 
ously conferred upon you, by an honorable and faithful dis- 
charge of the duties of your office. 

''The station you are called to fill is important, not only as 
it respects the correct practice of our rites and ceremonies, 
and the internal economy of the Chapter over which you pre- 
side; but the public reputation of the institution will be gen^ 
orally found to rise or fall according to the skill, fidelity, and 
discretion with which its concerns are managed, and in pro- 
portion as the characters and conduct of its principal officers 
artt estamable or oenaurable. 



206 HiQH pbubthood. 

" You have aecepted a trust, to which is attached a weigbt 
of respoDsibilitj that will require all your efforts to discharge, 
honorably to yourself and satisfactorily to the Chapter. You 
are to see that your officers are capable and faithful in the 
exercises of their offices. Should they lack ability you are 
expected to supply their defects ; you are to watch carefully 
the progress of their performances, and to see that the long- 
established customs of the institution suffer no derangement 
in their hands. 

'' You are to have a careful eye over the general conduct of 
the Chapter ; see that due order and subordination are ob- 
served on all occasions; that the members are properly 
instructed ; that due solemnity be observed in the practice of 
our rites ; that no improper levity be permitted at any time, 
but more especially at the introduction of strangers among the 
workmen. In fine, you are to be an example to your officers 
and members which they need not hesitate to follow ; thus 
securing to yourself the favor of heaven and the applause 
of your brethren and companions." 

ADDRESS TO THE OFFICERS GENERALLY. 

<< Companions in Office: — ^Precept and example should 
ever advance with an equal pace. Those moral duties which 
you are required to teach unto others, you should never neglect 
to practice yourselves. 

** Do you desire that the demeanor of your equals and in- 
feriors toward you should be marked with deference and 
respect? Be sure that you omit no opportunity of furnishing 
them with examples in your own conduct toward your supe- 
riors. Do you desire to obtain instruction from those who 
are more wise or better informed than yourselves? Be sure 
that you are always ready to impart of your knowledge 
to those within your sphere, who stand in need of and are 
entitled to receive it Do you desire distinction among your 



HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 207 

companions? Be snre that yonr claims to preferment are 
founded upon superior attainments ; let no ambitious passion 
be suffered to induce you to envy or supplant a companion 
who may be considered as better qualified for promotion than 
yourselves ; but rather let a laudable emulation induce you 
to strive to excel each other in improvement and discipline ; 
ever remembering, that he who faithfully perforrM his duty^ 
ever in a subordinate or private station, is as justly entitled 
to esteem and respect, as he who is invested with supreme 
authority." 

ADDRESS TO THE CHAPTER AT LARGE. 

''Companions: — The exercise and management of the sub- 
lime degrees of Masonry in your Chapter hitherto, are so 
highly appreciated, and the good reputation of the Chapter so 
well established, that I must presume these considerations 
alone, were there no others of greater magnitude, would be 
sufficient to induce you to preserve and perpetuate this valu- 
able and honorable character. But when to this is added the 
pleasure which every philanthropic heart must feel in doing 
good, in promoting good order, in diffusing light and knowl- 
edge, in cultivating Masonic and Christian charity, which are 
the great objects of this sublime institution, I can not doubt 
that your future conduct, and that of your successors, will be 
calculated still to increase the luster of your justly esteemed 
reputation. 

" May your Chapter become beautiful as the Temple, peace- 
ful as the Ark, and sacred as its most holy place. May your 
oblations of piety and praise be grateful as the Incense ; your 
love warm as its flame^ and your charity diffusive as its fra- 
grance. May your hearts be pure as the Altar, and your 
conduct acceptable as the Offering. 

" May the exercise of your Charity be as constant as the 
returouig wants of the distressed widow and the helpless 



208 HIGH PRIESTHOOD. 

orphan. May tbe approbation of Heayen be your encoxiTage- 
ment, and the testimony of a good conscience your support ; 
may you be endowed with every good and perfect gift, while 
traveling the ikomi/ path of life^ and finally admitted wiihvn 
the veil of heaven, to the full enjoyment of life eternal." 
Amen. So mote it be. 

XXXI. The officers and members of the Chapter will tben 
pass in review in front of the Grand officers, and pay them the 
customary salutation as they pass. 

XXXII. The Grand Marshal will then make proclamation 
as follows, viz. : ^^ In the name of the M. E. Grand High 

Priest, I do proclaim this Chapter, by the name' of , to 

be regularly constituted, and its officers duly installed." 

XXXIII. The officers of the Chapter will then take their 
stations upon the left of the Grand officers respectively, and 
the members will be seated until the Grand officers retire. 

XXXIY. The ceremonies conclude with an Ode, or appro- 
priate piece of music. 

XXXV. When the Grand officers retire, the Chapter will 
form an avenue for them to pass through, and salute them 
with the Grand honors. They will be attended as far as the 
door of their apartment, by the committee who introduced 
them. 

XXXYI. The two bodies then separately close their respec- 
tive Chapters. 



THE 



CRYPTIC DEGREES: 



00NSI8TINQ or 



THE ROYAL MASTER, 



AMD 



zSELECT MASTER, 



ooxposnia- 



THE THIBD OBDEB IN MA80NBT. 

1» 



The Cryptic Degrees are conferred in a Body styled a 
Council. The ballot is taken in the Second or Select Masters' 
Degree; the same rales of balloting are observed as in the 
preceding degrees. All discipline exercised by the Lodge or 
Chapter, such as suspension or expulsion, is indorsed by the 
Council without question ; in addition to which, it has a dis- 
cipline of its own for offenses against its own regulations. 

Not less than nine nor more than twenty-seven can open, 
work, or close a Council. If a larger number than twenty- 
seven is present, they take no part in the proceedings. 

The whole system of Cryptic Masonry is confined to the 
United States alone, and was borrowed about the year 181 5, 
from the Ancient and Accepted Rite, 



THE DEGREE 



or 



ROYAL MASTEE. 



CHAPTER XVI. 
aOTAL uasteb's deqbee. 



This degree can not legally be conferred on any but Royal 
Arob Masons, irho have taken all the preceding degrees ; and 
it is preparatory to that of the Select Master. Althoagh it is 
short, yet it contains some valuable informatioQ, and is inti- 
nutely connected with the degree of Select Master. It also 



214 ROTAL MASTER. 

enables ns with ease and facility to -examine the privileges of 
others to this degree ; while, at the same time, it proves our- 
selves. 

The following passages of Scripture, etc., are considered 
to be appropriate to this degree : 

And Solomon made all the vessels that pertained unto the 
house of the Lord : the altar of gold, and the table of gold, 
whereupon the shew-bread was ; and the candlesticks of pure 
goldj five on the right side, and five on the left;, before the 
oracle ] with the flowers, and the lamps, and the tongs of gold ; 
and the bowls, and the snuffers, and the basons, and the 
spoons, and the censers, of pure gold; and the hinges of gold, 
both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, 
and for the doors of the house, to wit, of the Temple. So 
Hiram made an end of doing all the work, that he had made 
King Solomon, for the house of the Lord. — 1 Kings vii : 48- 
60, 40. 

And behold I come quickly; and my reward is with me, 
to give every man according as his work shall be. I am Alpha 
and Omega, the beginning and the end, the first and the last. 
Blessed are they that do his commandments, that they may 
have a right to the tree of life, and may enter in through the 
gates of the city. — Rev, xxii: 12-14. 

And he set the cherubims within the inner house ; and they 
stretched forth the wings of the cherubims, so that the wing 
of the one touched the one wall ; and the wing of the other 
cherub touched the other wall ; and their wings touched one 
another in the midst of the iiouse. — 1 Kings vi : 27. 

The Ark, called the glory of Israel, which was seated in the 
middle of the holy place, under the wings of the cherubim, 
was a small chest, or coffer, three feet nine inches long, two 
feet three inches wide, and three feet three inches high. It 
was made of wood, excepting only the mercy seat, but over- 
laid with gold both inside and out. It had a ledge of gold 



BOYAL MASTER. 215 

surroundiDg it at the top, into which the cover, called the 
mercy seat, was let in. The mercy seat was of solid gold, the 
thickness of a hand's breadth : at the two ends of it were two 
cherubims, looking inward, toward each other, with their wings 
expanded; which embracing the whole circumference of the 
mercy seat, they met on each side, in the middle ; all of which, 
the Kabbins say, was made out of the same mass, without any 
soldering of parts. 

Here the Shekinah, or Divine Presence, rested, and was 
visible in the appearance of a cloud over it. From hence the 
Bathkoll issued, and gave answers when God was consulted. 
And hence it is, that God is said, in the Scripture, to dwell 
between the cherubim ; that is, between the cherubim on the 
mercy seat, because there was the seat or throne of the visible 
appearance of his glory among them. 



THE DEGRE'E 



or 



SELECT MASTEK. 




tUti iE^$l$8r. 




-CHAPTER XVII. 

SELECT master's DEGREE. 

This degree is the STimmit and perfection of ancient Ma- 
sonry; and without which the history of the Royal Arch 
degree can not be complete. It rationally accounts for the 
concealment and preservation of those essentials of the Crafb, 
which were brought to light at the erection of the second 
Temple, and which lay concealed from the Masonio eye four 
hundred and seventy years. 

Many particulars relative to those few who, for their supe- 
rior skill, were selected to complete an important part of King 
Solomon's Temple, are explained. 

And here, too, is exemplified an instance of justice and 
mercy, by our ancient patron, toward one of the Craft, who 
was led to disobey his commands, by an over zealous attach- 
ment for the institution. It ends with a description of a par- 
ticular circumstance, which characterizes the degree. 

The following Psalm is read at opening : 

His foundation is in the holy mountains. The Lord 
loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob. 
Glorious things are spoken of thee, city of God. Selah. 
I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon, to them that 



2iO SELECT MASTER. 

know me. Behold Philistia, and Tyre, witli Ethiopia; this 
man was born there. And of Zion it shall be said, This and 
that man was born in her : and the Highest himself shall 
establish her. The Lord shall count, when he writeth np the 
people, that this man was born there. Selah. As well the 
singers, as the players on instruments, shall be there : all mj 
springs are in thee. — Psalm Ixxxvii. 

The following passages of Scripture are introduced and 
explained : 

So King Solomon was king over all Israel. Azariah, the 
son of Nathan, was over the officers ; and Zabud, the Son of 
Nathan, was principal officer, and the king's friend; and 
Ahishar was over the household ; and Adoniram, the son of 
Abda, was over the tribute. — 1 Kings, iv: 1, 6, 6. 

And the king commanded, and they brought great stones, 
costly stones, and hewed stones, to lay the foundation of the 
house. And Solomon's builders and Hiram's builders did 
hew them, and the stone-squarers : so they prepared timber 
and stones to build the house. — 1 Kings, v : 17, 18. 

And King Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre. 
He was a widow's son, of the tribe of Naphthali : and his 
father was a man of Tyre, a worker of brass ; and he was 
filled with wisdom and understanding, and cunning, to work 
all works in brass. — 1 Kings^ yiii : 13, 14. 

The ancients of Gebal, and the wise men thereof, were in 
thee thy calkers : all the ships of the sea, with their mariners, 
were in thee, to occupy thy merchandise. — Ezehiel, xxvii : 9. . 

And it came to pass, when Moses had made an end of 
writing the words of this law in a book, until they were fin- 
ished, that Moses commanded the Levites, which bore the ark 
of the covenant of the Lord, saying, Take this book of the 
law, and put it in the side of the ark of the covenant of the 



221 

Lord jonr God, that it may be there for & witneaa aguiut 
Uiee. — Jhuteronomy, xxxi : 24-26. 

And Moses said onto Aaron, Take a pot, and put an omer 
iiill of manna therein, and lay it np before the Lord, to be kept 
ibr your generations. As the Lord commanded Moses, so 
Aaron laid it up before the testimony to be kept, — Exxtdu, 
xri : 33, 34. 

And the Lord said nnto Moses, Bring Aaron's rod agun 
before the testimon;, to be kept for a token. — Nwflbtn, 
rrii: 10. 

And when Moses was gone into the tabernacle of t]ie con- 
gregation, to speak with him, then he heard the voice of one 
speaking nnto him &om off the meioy seat, that was npon the 
ark of the testimony, from between the two chembims: and 
Le spake nnto him. — Nvmbert, Tii : 89. 

And look that tboa make them after their pattern, whicli 
wai shewed thee in the mount. — Exod.^ xvt : 40. 



^ 



222 SELECT MASTEB. 

CHARGE TO A SELECT MASTEB. 

Companion : — Having attained to this degree, you have 
passed the circle of perfection in ancient Masonry. In the 
capacity of Select Master, you must be sensible that your 
obligations are ^increased in proportion to your privileges. 
Let it be your constant care to prove yourself worthy of the 
confidence reposed in you, and of the high honor conferred 
on you, in admitting you to this Select degree. Let upright- 
ness ^nd integrity attend your steps; let justice &nd mercy 
mark your conduct ; let fervency and zeal stimulate you in 
the discharge of the various duties incumbent on you ; but 
suffer not an idle or impertinent curiosity to lead you astray, 
or betray you into danger. Be deaf to every insinuation 
which would have a tendency to weaken your resolution, or 
tempt you to an act of disobedience. Be voluntarily dumb and 
blind^ when the exercise of those faculties would endanger 
the peace of your mind or the probity of your conduct ; and 
let silence and seeresy, those cardinal virtues of a Select Mas- 
ter, on all necessary occasions, be scrupulously observed. By 
a steady adherence to the important instructions contained in 
this degree, you will merit the approbation of the select num- 
ber with whom you are associated, and will enjoy the high 
satisfaction of having acted well your part in the important 
enterprise in which you are engaged ; and after having wroughi 
your regvlar TiourSj may you be admitted to participate in all 
the privileges of a Select Master, 

There is a ceremony of Constituting Counoils of Royal and Select Maa- 
ters and Installing officers, but as we can not use it without yiolating 
copy right we omit it. 



THE 



CHlVALlilC DEGREES: 



CONSISTINQ OF 



THE KNIGHTS OF THE RBD CROSS, 



KNIGHTS TEMPLAR, 




AND 



KNIGHTS OE MALTA, 



COHPOSINO 



THE FOURTH OBDER IN MASONRT. 



ft m 



THE ORDER 



OP 



KNIGHTS OF THE RED CROSS. 



20 




Itll|l|l» mil i\$ m:$i ^$$%%, 




CHAPTER XVIII. 

OBSEBYATIONS ON THE 0RDEB8 OF KNIGHTHOOD. 

As seyeral Orders of Knighthood are conferred, both in Europe and 
America, repntedly under the sanction of Masonic assemblies, it may 
be expected that some notice will be taken of them in this work. It may 
be necessary to premise that the Orders of Knighthood compose no 
part of the system of Freemasonry. They are in comparison to it, 
societies of but yesterday, and all of them fall short of the excellence, 
harmony, uniyersality, and utility of the noble institution. 

The design of this part of the work will be to collect together such 
obterrations from Scripture and history as are deemed applicable to 
the several orders; and as in America, they are only conferred as 
honorary degrees, it is possible that this may be the means of producing 
a uniformity in their application and use. 

0¥ THE ORDER OF KNIOHTS OF THE RED CROSS. 

The incidents upon which this Order is founded, occurred 
in the reign of Darius, king of Persia. It is more imme- 
diately connected with symbolic Masonry, than any other 
Order of Knighthood. Their meetings are called Councils; 
their sashes are decorated with a Svoord andi Trowel^ and 
trimmed with red and green. 

The following passages of Scripture are considered by 
Knights of this order, as applicable to their institution, and 
are occasionally rehearsed in their Councils. 

"Now in the second year of their coming into the house- 



228 KNIGHTS OP THE RED CROSS. 

of God at Jerusalem, in the second montli, began Zerubbabel, 
the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and the 
remnant of their brethren the priests and Levites, and all 
they that were come out of the captivity unto Jerusalem : 
and appointed the Levites, from twenty years old and upward, 
to set forward the work of the house of the Lord. Then 
stood Jeshua, with his sons and his brethren, Kadmiel 
and his sons, the sons of Judah, together, to set forward the 
workmen in the house of God ; 'the sons of Henadad, with 
their sons and their brethren the Levites. And when the 
builders laid the foundation of the Temple of the Lord, they 
set the priests in their apparel with trumpets, and the Levites, 
the sons of Asaph, with cymbals, to praise the Lord, after the 
ordinance of Pavid king of Israel. And they sung together 
by course, in praising and giving thanks unto the Lord ; 
because he is good, for his mercy endureth forever toward 
Israel. And all the people shouted with a great shout when 
they praised the Lord, because the foundation of the house 
of the Lord was laid. — Ezra^ iii. 8-11. 

Now when the adversaries of Judah and Benjamin heard 

that the children of the captivity builded the Temple unto 

the Lord God of Israel, then they came to Zerubbabel, and 

to the chief of the fathers, and said unto them, Let us build 

with you ; for we seek your God as ye do ; and we do sacrifice 

unto him, since the days of Esar-Haddon king of Assur, 

which brought us up hither. But Zerubbabel, and Jeshua, 

and the rest of the chief of the fathers of Israel, said unto 

them, Ye have nothing to do with us to build an house unto 

our God ; but we ourselves together will build unto the Lord 

God of Israel, as King Cyrus, the king of Persia, hath com- 

manded us. Then the. people of the land weakened the 

hands of the people of Judah, and troubled them in building; 

all th "^^^ <5ounselors against them, to frustrate their purpose, 

e days of Cyrus king of Persia, even until tlie reign 



KNIGHTS OF THE RED 0BOS8. 229 

of Darius king of Persia. And in the reign of Ahasuerus, 
in the beginning of his reign, wrote they unto him an accusa- 
tion against the inhabitants of Judah and Jerusalem. And 
in the days of Artaxerxes wrote Bishlam, Mithredah, Tabeel, 
and the rest of their companions, unto Artaxerxes king of 
Persia ; and the writing of the letter was written in the 
Syrian tongue, and interpreted in the Syrian tongue; Eehum 
the chancelor, and Shimshai the scribe, wrote a letter against 
Jerusalem to Artaxerxes the king, in this sort : This is the 
copy of the letter that they sent unto him, even unto 
Artaxerxes the king: Thy servants, the men on this side the 
river, and at such a time. Be it known unto the king, that 
the Jews, which came up from thee to us, are come unto 
Jerusalem, building the rebellious and the bad city, and have 
Bet up the walls thereof, and joined the foundations. Be it 
known now unto the king, that if this city be builded, and 
the walls set up again, then will they not pay toll, tribute, and 
custom, and so thou shalt endamage the revenue of the 
kings. Now, because we have maintenance from the king's 
palace, and it was not meet for us to see the king's dishonor; 
therefore have we sent and certified the king. That search 
may be made in the book of the records of thy fathers : so 
shalt thou find in the book of the records, and know, that 
this city is a rebellious city, and hurtful unto kings and 
provinces, and that they have moved sedition within the same 
of old time; for which cause was this city destroyed. We 
certify the king, that if this city be builded again, and the 
walls thereof set up, by this means thou shalt have no portion 
on this side the river. Then sent the king an answer unto 
Rehum the chancelor, and to Shimshai the scribe, and to the 
rest of their companions that dwell in Samaria, and unto the 
rest beyond the river. Peace, and at such a time. The letter 
which ye sent unto us hath been plainly read before me. 
And I commanded, and search hath been made, and it is 



230 XNIOHTS OF THE BED CB0S8. 

found, tliat this city of old time bath made insurraotioii 
against kings, and that rebellion and sedition have been made 
therein. There have been mighty kings also over Jerusalem, 
which have ruled over all countries beyond the river ; and toll, 
tribute, and custom, was paid unto them. Give ye now com- 
mandment to cause these men to cease, and that this city be 
not builded, until another commandment shall be given from 
me. Take heed now that ye fail not to do this : why should 
damage grow to the hui-t of the kings ? Now, when the copy 
of King Artaxerxes' letter was read before Kehum, and 
Shimshai the scribe, and their companions, they went up in 
baste to Jerusalem, unto the Jews, and made them cease by 
force and power. Then ceased the work of the house of God, 
which is at Jerusalem. So it ceased unto the second year of 
the reign of Darius, king of Persia. — Ezra, iv. 

Josephus informs us that Darius, while he was yet a private 
man, made a vow to God, that if ever he came to the throne, 
he would send all the holy vessels that were at Babylon, back 
again to Jerusalem; and it happened about the time of his 
accession, that Zerubbabel, who was a captain or prince of the 
Jewish captives, came from Jerusalem, to Darius, as well to 
solicit his protection against their adversaries on the other 
side of the river, as to watch a suitable opportunity of endeav- 
oring to persuade the king to fulfill his promise. He had 
long been known to Darius as a man of great judgment and 
understanding, and was therefore taken into the king's confi- 
dence, and put into a particular trust, with two other great 
officers, as his constant attendants. 

Darius, in the first year of his reign, gave a splendid and 
magnificent entertainment to the princes and nobility, and 
after they had retired, finding himself unable to sleep, he fell 
into a discourse with his three favorite officers, to whom he 
proposed certain questions, telling them, at the same time, that 
he who should give him the most reasonable and SAtisfactory 



KNIGHTS OF THE RED CROSS. 231 

answer should be clothed in purple, drink in a golden cap, 
wear a silken tiara, and a golden chain about his neck. 

He then proposed this question: Which is greatest, the 
strength of wine, of the Icingy of women, or of truth f To 
this the first answered, wine is the strongest; the second, that 
the king was strongest ; and the third (who was Zerubbabel) 
that v}omen were stronger, but above all things truth beareth 
the victory. 

_ I 

On the following day the king assembled together the prin- 
ces and nobility, to hear the question debated ; and having 
placed himself upon the royal seat of judgment, he called 
upon them to make a public defense of their several opinions: 
whereupon the first began upon the strength of wine, as 
follows : 

'^ O ye princes and rulers, how exceeding strong is wine ! 
it causeth all men to err that drink it : it maketh the mind of 
the king and the beggar to be all one ; of the bondman and 
the freeman ; of the poor man and of the rich ; it turneth, 
also, every thought into jollity and mirth, so that a man re- 
membereth neither sorrow nor debt; it changeth and elevateth 
the spirits, and enliveneth the heavy hearts of the miserable. 
It maketh a man forget his brethren, and draw his sword 
against his best friends. O ye princes and rulers, is not wine 
the strongest, that forceth us to do these things? " 

Then began the second upon the power of kings, and spoke 
as follows: '^It is beyond dispute, princes and rulers, that 
God has made man master of all things under the sun ; to 
command them, to make use of tbem, and apply them to his 
service as he pleases : but whereas men have only dominion 
over other sublunary creatures, kings have an authority even 
over men themselves, and a right of ruling them by will and 
pleasure. Now, he that is master of those who are masters of 
all things else, hath no earthly thing above him.'' 



232 KNIQHTS OF THE RED CROSS. 

Then began Zerubbabel upon the power of women and of 
truth, and spoke as follows: "O princes and rulers, the force 
of wine is not to be denied ; neither is that of kings, that 
unites so many men in one common bond of allegiance ; but 
the super-eminency of women is yet above all this ; for ktn^ 
are but the gifts of women, and they are, also, the mothers of 
those that cultivate our vineyards. Women have the power 
to make us abandon our very country and relations, and many 
times to forget the best friends we have in the world, and for- 
saking all other comforts to live and die with them. But 
when all is said, neither they, nor wine, nor kings, are com* 
parable to the almighty force of truth. As for all other 
things, they are mortal and transient, but truth alone is un- 
changeable and everlasting ; the benefits we receive from it 
are Subject to no variations or vicissitudes of time and for- 
tune. In her judgment is no unrighteousness, and she is the 
strength, wisdom, power, and majesty of all ages. Blessed be 
the God of truth." 

When Zerubbabel had finished speaking, the princes and 
rulers cried out: "Great is truth, and mighty above all 
things." 

Then, said the king to Zerubbabel, " Ask what thou wilt, 
and I will give it thee, because thou art found wisest among 
thy companions." 

Then said he to Darius, "0 king, remember thy vow, which 
thou hast vowed, to build Jerusalem in the day when thou 
shouldest come to thy kingdom, and to restore the holy ves- 
sels which were taken away out of Jerusalem. Thou hast 
also vowed to build up the temple, which was burned when 
Judah was made desolate by the Chaldees. And now O 
king, this is that I desire of thee, that thou make good the 
vow, the performance whereof with thine own mouth thou 
hast vowed to the King of Heaven." 

Then Darius the king stood up and embraced him, and 



KNIQHTS or THE RED CROSS. 233 

gave him passports and letters to his governors and officers, 
that they should safely convey both him and those who should 
go with him, to Jerusalem ; and that they should not be de- 
layed or hindered from building the city and the temple, until 
they should be finished. He also restored all the holy ves- 
sels remaining in his possession, that hacl been taken from 
Jerusalem, when the children of Israel were carried away 
captive to Babylon, and reserved by Cyrus. 

" But it came to pass, that when Sanballat, and Tobiah, and 
the Arabians, and the Ammonites, and the Ashdodites, heard 
that the walls of Jerusalem were made up, and that the 
breaches began to be stopped, then they were very wroth, and 
conspired all of them together to come and to fight against 
Jerusalem, and to hinder it. Nevertheless we made our 
prayer unto our God, and set a watch against them day and 
night because of them. And Judah said. The strength of the 
bearers of burdens is decayed, and there is much rubbish ; so 
that we are not able to build the wall. And our adversaries 
said. They shall not know, neither see, till we come in the 
midst among them, and slay them, and cause the work to 
cease. And it came to pass, that when the Jews which dwelt 
by them came, they said unto us ten times. From all places 
whence ye shall return unto us they will be upon you. 

" Therefore set I in the lower places behind the wall, and 
on the higher places, I even set the people after their families, 
with their swords, their spears, and their bows. And I looked, 
and rose up, and said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to 
the rest of the people, Be not ye afraid of them : remember the 
Lord which is great and terrible, and fight for your brethren, 
your sons, and your daughters, your wives, and your houses. 
And it came to pass, when our enemies heard that it was 
known unto us, and God had brough ir counsel to nought, 
that we returned all of us to the wall, every one unto his 
work. And it came to pass from that time forth, that the 
21 



1 



234 KNIGHTS OF THE RED CROSS. 

half of mj servante wronght in the work, and the other half 
of them held both the spears, the shields, and the hows, and 
the habergeons; and the rulers were behind all the house of 
Judah. They which builded on the wall, and they that bare 
burdens, with those that laded, every one with one of his 
hands wrought in «the work, and with the other hand held a 
weapon. For the builders, every one had his sword girded by 
his side, and so builded. And he that sounded the trumpet 
was by me. 

''And I said unto the nobles, and to the rulers, and to the 
rest of the people, The work is great and large, and we are 
separated upon the wall, one far from another. In what place 
therefore ye hear the sound of the trumpet, resort ye thither 
unto us : our God shall fight for us." 

'' Then the prophets, Haggai the prophet and Zechariah 
the son of Iddo, prophesied unto the Jews that were in Judah 
and Jerusalem, in the name of the God of Israel, even unto 
them. Then rose up Zerubbabel, the son of Shealthiel, and 
Jeshua the son of Josadak, and began to build the house of 
God which is at Jerusalem : and with them were the prophets 
of God helping them. At the same time came to them Tat- 
nai, governor on this side the river, and Shethar-boznai, and 
their companions, and said thus unto them : Who hath 
commanded you to build this house, and to make up this 
wall ? Then said we unto them after this manner : What are 
the names of the men that make this building? But the eye 
of their God was upon the elders of the Jews, that they 
could not cause them to cease, till the matter came to Darius ; 
and then they returned answer by letter concerning this mat- 
ter. The copy of the letter that Tatnai, governor on this side 
the river, and Shethar-boznai, and his companions the Aphar- 
sachites, which were on this side the river, sent unto Darius 
the king : They sent a letter unto him, wherein was written : 
Unto Darius the kin^, all peace. Be it known unto the king? 



KNIQHTS OF THE RED CBOfiS. 236 

that we went into the province of Judea, to the house of the 
great God, which is bnilded with great stones, and timber is 
laid in the walls, and this work goeth fast on, and prospereth 
in their hands. Then asked we those elders, and said unto 
them thus : Who commanded you to build this house, and to 
make up these walls ? We asked their names also, to certify 
thee, that we might write the names of the men that were the 
chief of them. And thus they returned us answer, saying, 
We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and 
build the house that was builded these many years ago, which 
a great king of Israel builded and set up. But after that our 
fathers had provoked the God of heaven unto wrath, he gave 
them into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon, 
the Chaldean, who destroyed this house, and carried the peo- 
ple away into Babylon. But in the first year of Cyrus the 
king of Babylon, the same king Cyrus made a decree to build 
this house of God. And the vessels also of gold and silver 
of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took out of the 
temple that was in Jerusalem, and brought them into the 
temple of Babylon, those did Cyrus the king take out of the 
temple at Babylon, and they were delivered unto one whose 
name was Sheshbazzar, whom he made governor ; and said 
unto him. Take these vessels, go, carry them into the temple 
that is in Jerusalem, and let the house of God be builded in 
his place. Then came the same Sheshbazzar, and laid the 
foundation of the house of God which is in Jerusalem : and 
since that time even until now hath it been in building, and 
yet it is not finished. Now, therefore, if it seem good to the 
king, let there be search made in the king's treasure-house, 
which is there at Babylon, whether it be so, that a decree was 
made of Cyrus the king to build this house of God at Jerusa- 
lem, and let the king send his pleasure to us concerning this 
matter.'' — Ezra v. 

'* Then Darius the king made a decree, and search was made 



236 KNIOHT8 OF THS RED CROSS. 

in the house of the rolls, where the treasures were laid up in 
Babylon. And there was found at Achmetha, in the palace 
that is in the province of the Medes, a roll, and therein was a 
record thus written : In the first year of Cyrus the king, the 
same Cyrus the king made a decree concerning the house of 
God at Jerusalem, Let the house be builded, the place where 
they offered sacrifice, and let the foundations thereof be 
strongly laid ; the hight thereof threescore cubits ; and the 
breadth thereof threescore cubits ; with three rows of great 
stones, and a row of new timber: and let the expenses be 
given out of the king's house. And also let the golden and 
silver vessels of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar 
took forth out of the temple which is at Jerusalem and brought 
unto Babylon, be restored, and brought again unto the temple 
which is at Jerusalem, every one to his place, and place them 
in the house of God. Now, therefore*, Tatnai, governor be- 
yond the river, Shethar-boznai, and your companions the 
Apharsachites, which are beyond the river, be ye far from 
thence ; let the work of this house of God alone, let the gov- 
ernor of the Jews, and the elders of the Jews, build this 
house of God in his place. Moreover, I make a decree what 
ye -shall do to the elders of these Jews, for the building of 
this house of God ; that of the king's goods, even of the 
tribute beyond the river, forthwith expenses be given unto 
these men that they be not hindered. And that which they 
have need of, both young bullocks, and rams, and lambs, for 
the burnt- offerings of the God of Heaven ; wheat, salt, wine, 
and oil, according to the appointment of the priests which are 
at Jerusalem, let it be given them day by day without fail; 
that they may offer sacrifices of sweet savors unto the God of 
Heaven, and pray for the life of the king and of his sons. 
Also I have made a decree, that whosoever shall alter this 
word, let the timber be pulled down from his house, and, being 
set up, let him be hanged thereon ; and let his house be made 



KNIGHTS OF THE BED OBOSS. 237 

a dnnghill for this. And the God that hath caused ^his 
name to dwell there, destroy all kings and people that^shall 
put to their hand to alter and to destroy this house of G-od 
which is at Jerusalem. I Darius have made a decree ; let it 
be done with speed. Then Tatnai, governor on this side the 
riyer, Shethar-boznai, and their companions, according to that 
which Darius the king had sent, so they did speedily. And 
the elders of the Jews builded, and they prospered through 
the prophesying of Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the 
son of Iddo ; and they builded, and finished it, according to 
the commandment of the God of Israel, and according to the 
commandment of Gyrus, and Darius, and Artazerxes king of 
Persia. And this house was finished on the third day of the 
month Adar, which was in the sixth year of the reign of 
Darius the king,'' and in the year of the world 3489. — Ezra vi. 



THE ORDER 



OF 



KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. 




niigfls %$mi^lM. 




CHAPTER XIX. 



OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORDERS OF KNIGHTS TEMPLAR, AND 

KNIQHTS OF MALTA. 

According to the Abbe de Vertot, the Order of Knights of 
Malta, who were originally called Hospitallers of St. John of 
Jerusalem, took its rise about the year 1099; from which 
time to the year 1118, their whole employment was works of 
charity, and taking care of the sick. 

Some time after the establishment of this Order, nine gen- 
tlemen of whose names two only remain on record, viz. : Hugho 
de Paganis and Godfrey Adelman formed a society to guard 
and protect the Christian pilgrims who traveled from abroad 
to visit the holy Sepulcher. 

These men were encouraged by the Abbot of Jerusalem, 
who assigned them and their companions a place of retreat in 
a Christian church, called the Church of the Holy Temple, 
from which they were called Templars, and not from the tem- 
ple of Jerusalem, that having been destroyed by Titus Ves- 
pasian, 982 years before the society of Templars was instituted. 

The society increased rapidly, and was much respected ; but 
had neither habit, order, or mark of distinction, for the space 
of nine years, when Pope Honorius II., at the request of 
Stephen, Patriarch of Jerusalem, laid down a rule and manner 



242 KNIGHTS TEMPLAR. 

of life for them ; and ordained that they should be clothed in 
white ; to which garment Pope Engenius III. added a red 
cross, to be worn on the breast, which they promised by a 
solemn oath to observe forever. 

Incited by the example of the Knights Templar, about the 
year 1118, the Hospitallers also took up the profession of 
arms, in addition to their original charitable profession ; occu- 
pying themselves at one time in attending upon the sick, and 
at others in acts of hostility against the Turks and Saracens. 
At this time they took the name of Knights Hospitallers. 

Both Orders flourished and increased daily ; but that of the 
Templars, though the younger of the two, having from its 
original establishment been wholly employed in the profession 
of arms, was by many esteemed to be the most honorable ; 
and therefore many noblemen, princes, and persons of the 
highest distinction, who thought the service of tending the 
sick too servile an employment, entered themselves among 
the Knights Templar, in preference to the other Order. 

Both Orders, for years, generally took the field together, 
and, as well by themselves as in conjunction with the troops 
of the Crusades, won many battles, and performed prodigies 
of valoj*. The emulation, however, which subsisted between 
them ofben occasioned warm disputes, which rose to such a 
hight as produced frequent skirmishes between detached par- 
ties of the two Orders. This occasioned the Pope and the 
respective G-rand Masters to interfere ; who in a great measuie 
suppressed these quarrels ; but the Knights of the different 
Orders ever afterward continued to view each other with jeal- 
ous eyes. 

Some time after these difficulties were thus partially sup- 
pressed, the Turks assembled a great force and drove the 
whole of the Christians out of Palestine. The last fortress 
they had possession of was that of St. John d*Acre. This was 
long and bravely defended by the Knights Templar against 



KNIGHTS TSMPLAB. 243 

their besiegers. The Turks, however, at last forced three 
hundred Knights, being all that remained of the garrison, to 
take refuge in a strong tower, to whioh also the women fled 
for safety. The Turks hereupon set about undermining it, 
whioh they in a short time so effectually accomplished, that 
the Knights saw, in case they held out any longer, they must 
inevitably perish. They therefore capitulated, stipulating, 
among other things, that the honor of their women should 
not be violated. Upon this, the tower being opened, the 
Turks marched in \ but, in total breach of the terms of capit- 
ulation, they immediately began to offer violence to the women. 
The enraged Knights instantly drew their swords, hewed in 
pieces all the Turks who had entered, shut the gates against 
those who remained without, and resigned themselves to inev- 
itable deal;h, which they soon met with, by the tower being 
nndermined and thrown down upon their heads. 

After this defeat, the two Orders found an asylum in the 
island of Cyprus ; from whence, after some time, the Knights 
Templar, finding their number so diminished as to leave no 
hopes of effecting any thing toward the recovery of the holy 
land, without new CAisades (which the Christian princes did 
not seem inclined to set on foot), returned to their different 
commanders in the various parts of Christendom. 

From this time the Orders separated ; the Knights Hospi- 
tallers remained a while at Cyprus, from whence they after- 
ward went to Rhodes, and thence to Malta ; which name they 
then assumed. The Knights Templar dispersed themselves 
throughout all Europe, but still enjoyed princely revenues, 
and were extremely wealthy. 

Yertot says, that Pope Boniface YIII. having engaged in a 
warm dispute with Philip, king of France, the two Orders, as 
had too frequently happened before, took opposite sides. The 
Knights of Malta declared in favor of King Philip, while the 
Knights Templar espoused the cause of the Pope. This con- 



244 KNiaHTS TSHPLAB. 

duct, Philip, partly from a reveDgeful disposition, and partly 
from the hope of getting possession of the vast wealth of the 
Knights, never could forgive ; but formed, thenceforward, the 
design of suppressing the Order, whenever a proper opporta- 
nity should offer. This, however, did not occur, until after 
the decease of Pope Boniface. 

Immediately on the death of that pontiff, the Cardinals 
assembled to elect his successor; but party disputes ran so 
high in the conclave, that there seemed no probability of 
again filling the papal chair very speedily. At length, through 
the intrigues and machinations of the friends of Philip, the 
Cardinals were all brought to consent to the election of any 
priest that he should recommend to them. 

This was the darling object the monarch had in view : this 
being accomplished, he immediately sent for the Archbishop of 
Bordeaux, whose ambition he knew had no bounds, and who 
would hesitate at nothing to gratify it ; and communicated to 
him the power he had received of nominating a person to the 
papal chair, and promising he should be the person, on his 
engaging to perform six conditions. The Archbishop greed- 
ily snatched at the bait, and immediately took an oath on the 
sacrament to the faithful performance of the conditions. 
Philip then laid open to him five of the conditions, but 
reserved the sixth until after the Archbishop's coronation as 
Pope ; which soon took place in consequence of the recom- 
mendation of the king to the conclave ; and the new Pope 
took upon himself the name of Clement Y. 

Yertot goes on to say, that a Templar and a citizen of 
Beziers, having been apprehended for some crime, and com- 
mitted together to a dungeon, for want of a priest confessed 
to each other ; that the citizen, having heard the Templar's 
confession, in order to save his own life, accused the Order to 
King Philip ; charging them, on the authority of what his 
fellow prisoner had told him, with idolatry, sodomy, robbery 



KNIOHTS TEHPLAH. 245 

and murder ; adding that the Knights Templar being secretly 
Mohammedans, each Knight, on his admission in the Order, 
was obliged to renounce Jesus Christ, and to spit on the cross 
in token of his abhorrence of it. Philip, on hearing these 
accusations, pardoned the citizen, and disclosed to the Pope 
his sixth condition, which was the suppression of the Order 
of Knights Templar. 

Not only every Knight Templar must know to a certainty 
the absolute, falsehood of these charges, but every unpreju- 
diced reader of Yertot's history must also perceive that the 
whole of their accusation was the product of Philip's own 
brain, in order to accomplish his long-wished-for object of 
suppressing the Order, and getting possession of their vast 
riches in his dominions. It is therefore, evident that the 
story of the Templar's confession was all a forgery, and that 
the citizen was no other than a tool of Philip, who, to insure 
his own pardon, was prevailed on to make oath of such a 
confession having been made to him by the Templar. 

The historian proceeds to say, that in consequence of this 
accusation, the Knights Templar in France, and other parts 
of the Pope's dominions, were imprisoned by his order, and 
put to the most exquisite tortures, to make them confess them- 
selves guilty. They, however, bore these tortures with the 
most heroic fortitude, persisting to the last in asserting their 
own innocence, and that of their Order. 

In addition to these proceedings, Pope Clement, in the year 
1312, issued his bull for the annihilation of the Order of 
Knights Templar, which he caused to be published through- 
out every country in Christendom. He at the same time gave 
their possessions to the Knis^hts of Malta, which appropria- 
tion of the Templar's estates was assented to by most of the 
sovereigns in Europe ; and there is now extant among the 
English statutes, an act of parliament, whereby, after setting 



246 KNIQHTS TEMPLAR. 

forth that the Order of Templars has heen suppressed, their 
possessions in England are confirmed to the Knights of St. 
John. 

Vertot, however, further says, that in Germany, the histo- 
rians of that nation relate, that Pope Clement having sent his 
bull for abolishing the Order, to the Archbishop of Metey, 
for him to enforce, that prelate summoned all his clergy 
together, that the publication might be made with greater 
solemnity ; and that they were suddenly surprised by the 
entry of Wallgruffor Count Sauvage, one of the principals of 
the Order, attended by twenty other Templars, armed, and in 
their regular habits. 

The Count declared he was not come to do violence to any- 
body, but having heard of the bull against his Order, came to 
insist that the appeal which they made from that decree to 
the next council, and the successor of Clement, should be 
received, read and published. This he pressed so warmly, 
that the Archbishop, not thinking it proper to refuse men 

« 

whom he saw armed, complied. He sent the appeal afterward 
•to the Pope, who ordered him to have it examined in a council 
of his province. Accordingly, a synod was called, and after 
a lengthy trial, and various formalities which were then'^ 
observed, the Templars of that province were declared inno- 
cent of the crimes charged upon them. 

Although the Templars were thus declared innocent, it does 
not appear that either their possessions or their government, 
as a distinct order was restored ; but that their estates in the 
German Empire were divided between the Knights of Malta 
and the Teutonic Knights ; to the first of which Orders, many 
Knights Templar afterward joined themselves. This appears 
altogether probable from the following circumstances, viz. : It 
is unquestionable, that the habit of the Knights Templar 
was originally white; but we now observe they distinguish 



KNIGHTS T£MPLAR. 247 

tbemselves by the same color as the Knights of Malta, viz. : 
hlcLck; which change can not be accounted for in any other 
way than by a union with the Knights of that Order. 

MANUAL. 

The throne is situated in the cast ; above is suspended the 
arms of the Grand Patron, between a banner of the emblems 
of the Order, and another of the arms of the Grand Master. 

On the right of the throne the Deputy Grand Master, and 
Past Grand Master ; or in Subordinate Encampments the Past 
Grand Commander. 

On the left the Grand Prelate and Grand Chancelor. 

The Grand Treasurer on the right, and the Grand Register 
on the left in front. 

The Knights, who are entitled to seats above the standards, 
are so arranged as that there shall be an equal number on 
each side the throne. 

Over the stall of each is a banner of arms or emblems. 
Next on each side is a standard-bearer, with a banner of sky- 
blue silk, on which is a cross of Malta in silver, with the 
motto, Tlie will of God, 

Next below the standards two experts, one bearing a spear 
and a shield, and the other a battle-axe. Next to them the 
sword-bearer, and cross-bearer; then the Knights not in office, 
concluding with the twp stewards, each with his staff. 

In the south-west the Senior Warden ; in the north-west 
the Junior Warden. 

In the west, between the Warden, a stall for the initiate 
supported by the Master of Ceremonies and a herald. 

APRONS. 

White, with a black border ; or black, with a white border. 
The flap, black, and a skull and cross bones embroidered in 
silver thereon. 

DBESS. 

A full suit of black, with a rapier and military hat; a broad 



248 KNIQHTS TEMPLAR. 

black on the right shoulder ; across the body to the left side, 
ornamented with a silver star opposite to the left breast, hav- 
ing seven points. 

The Grand Master or Commander, a star of nine points; 
in the center of the star a cross and serpent of gold, sur- 
rounded by a circle, on which is engraved, or enameled. In 
Hoc Signo Vinces. 

The following passages of Scripture are occasionally re- 
hearsed in encampments of Knights Templar. 

"James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to 
the twelve tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting. My 
brethren, count it all joy when you fall into divers tempta- 
tions ; knowing this, that the trying of your faith worketh 
patience. But let patience have her perfect work, that ye may 
be perfect and entire, wanting nothing. If any of you lack 
wisdom let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, 
and upbraideth not ; and it shall be given him. But let him 
ask in faith, nothing wavering ; for he that wavereth is like a 
wave of the sea, driven with the wind, and tossed. For let 
not that man think that he shall receive any thing of the Lord. 
A double minded man is unstable in all his ways. Let the 
brother of low degree rejoice in that he is exalted. If any 
man among you seem to be religious, and bridleth not his 
tongue, but deceiveth his own heart, that man's religion is 
vain. Pure religion, and undefiled before God and the Father, 
is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, 
and to keep himself unspotted from the world." 

ft 

EXHORTATION. 

1. Let the brother of low degree rejoice in that he is 
exalted. 

2. Come unto me all ye that labor and lire heavy laden, 
and I will give you rest. 



KNIGHTS TSMFLAB. 249 

3. Christ saffered for us, leaving ns an example that we 
should follow his steps. 

4. For we were as sheep going astray, but now are we re- 
turned to the shepherd and bishop of our souls. 

5. If our brother or sister be naked, and destitute of daily 
food, and one of you say, Depart in peace, be ye warmed and 
filled, and ye give them not of those things which are need- 
ful for the body, what doth it profit ? 

6. To do good and to communicate forget not, for with 
such sacrifices God is well pleased. 

7. May he who is able send you forth into the world 
thoroughly furnished for every good work, keep you from 
falling into vice and error, improve, strengthen, establish and 
perfect you. 

Then one of the twelve, called Judas Iscariot, went unto 
the chief priests, and said unto them. What will ye give me, 
and I will deliver him unto you ? And they covenanted with 
him for thirty pieces of silver. And from that time he sought 
opportunity to betray him. Now, the first day of the feast 
of unleavened bread, the disciples came to Jesus, saying unto 
him. Where wilt thou that we prepare for thee to eat the pass- 
over ? And he said. Go into the city to such a man, and say 
unto him. The master saith, My time is at hand ; I will keep 
the passover at thy house with my disciples. And the dis- 
ciples did as Jesus had appointed them. And they made 
ready the passover. Now when the even was come, he sat 
down with the twelve. And as they did eat, he said, Verily 
I say unto you, that one of you shall betray me. And they 
were exceeding sorrowful, and began every one of them to 
say unto him. Lord, is it I? Add he answered and said. He 
that dippeth las hand with me in the dish, the same shall 
betray me. The son of man goeth, as it is written of him; 
hut wo unto that man by whom the son of man ia betxayed 1 
22 



250 KNIGHTS TXMPLAB. 

It had been good for that man if he had not been born. Then 
Judas, which betrayed him, answered and said, Master, is it 
I? He said unto him. Thou hast said. — Matt xxvi: 14-25. 

Then cometh Jesus with them unto a place called Oethse- 
mane, and saith unto the disciples, Sit ye here, while I go and 
pray yonder. And he took with him Peter and the two son a 
of Zebedee, and began to be sorrowful and very heavy. Then 
saith he unto them, My soul is exceeding sorrowful, even 
unto death : tarry ye here, and watch with me. And he went 
a little further, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O mj 
Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me ; neverthe- 
less, not as I will, but as thou wilt. And he cometh unto the 
disciples, and findeth them asleep, and saith unto Peter, 
What! could ye not watch with me one hour? Watch and 
pray, that ye enter not into temptation : the spirit indeed is 
willing, but the flesh is weak. He went away again the second 
time, and prayed, saying, my Father, if this cup may not 
pass away from me, except I drink it, thy will be done. And 
he came and found them asleep again ; for their eyes were 
heavy. And he left them, and went away again, and prayed 
the third time, saying the same words. Then cometh he to 
hid disciples, and saith unto them, Sleep on now, and take 
your rest: behold, the hour is at hand, and the son of man 
is betrayed into the hands of sinners. Bise, let us be going : 
behold, he is at hand that doth betray me. And while he yet 
spake, lo, Judas, one of the twelve, came, and with him a great 
multitude, with swords and staves, from the chief priests and 
elders of the people. Now he that betrayed him gave them a 
sign, saying, Whomsoever I shall kiss, that same is he : hold 
him fast. And forthwith he came to Jesus, and said, Hail 
Master ; and kissed him. — Matt xxvi : 36-49. 

When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that 
rather a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his 
hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the 



KNIGHTB TEHPLAB. 251 

blood of this jnst person ; see ye to it. Then answered all 
the people and said, His blood be upon us, and our children. 
Then released he Barabbas unto them : and when he had 
scourged Jesus, he delivered him to be crucified. Then the 
soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common hall, and 
gathered unto him the whole band of soldiers. And they 
stripped him, and put on him a scarlet robe. And when they 
had platted a crown of thorns they put it upon his head, and 
a reed in his right hand ; and they bowed the knee before 
him, and mocked him, saying, Hail, king of the Jews I And 
they spit upon him, and took the reed and smote him on the 
head. And after that they had mocked him, they took the 
robe off from him, and put his own raiment on him, and led 
him away to crucify him. And as they came, out they found 
a man of Cyrene, Simon by name : him they compelled t6 
bear his cross. And when they were come unto a place called 
Golgotha, that is to say, A place of a scull, they gave him 
▼inegar to drink, mingled with gall ; and when he had tasted 
thereof he would not drink. And they crucified him, and 
parted his garments, casting lots : that it might be fulfilled 
which was spoken by the prophet, -They parted my garments 
among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots. And, 
Bitting down, they watched him there ; and set up over his 
head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING 
OP THE JEW8.— Matt, xxvii: 24-38. 



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S^ Break off your tears, ye aaintSf and tell 
Hovr high our great delivVer reigns ; 
Shig bow he ipoilM the hosts of hell. 
And led tho motuter, Death, in chains. 



3. Say, " live for ever glorious King, 

Bom to redeem, and strong to save,*^ 
Then ask—*' Death ! where is thy sting ?** 
'* And Where's thy vietoiy 7" boasting grare. 



KNieHTS TXMPLAB. 353 

And in tbose days Peter Btood np in the midst of the 
diBciples, and said, (the number of tlie names together 
were about an hundred and twenty,) men and brethren, this 
Scripture must needs have been fulfilled, which the Holy 
Ghost by the mouth of David, spake before concerning Judas, 
which was guide to them that took Jesus. For he was num- 
bered with us, and had obtained part of this ministry. Now 
this man purchased a field with the reward of iniquity ; and 
falling headlong he burst asunder in the midst, and all his 
bowels gushed out. And it was known unto all the dwellers 
at Jerusalem ; insomuch as that field is called in their proper 
tongue, Aceldama, that is to say. The field of blood. For it 
is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be 
desolate, and let no man dwell therein : and his bishopric let 
another take. Wherefore, of these men which have com- 
panied with us all the time, that the Lord Jesus went in and 
out among us, beginning from the baptism of John, unto 
that same day that he was taken up from us, must one be 
ordained to be a witness with us of his resurrection. And 
they appointed two, Joseph, called Barsabas, who was sur- 
named Justus, and Matthias. And they prayed, and said, 
Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all men, shew 
whether of these two thou hast chosen, that he may take 
part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas by 
transgression fell, that he might go to his own place. And 
they gave forth their lots ; and the lot fell upon Matthias ; and 
he was numbered with the eleven apostles. — Acts i : 15-26. 

Finally my brethren, be strong in the Lord, and in the 
power of his might. 

Put on the whole armor of God, that ye m&y be able to 
stand against the wiles of the devil. 

For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against 
principalities and powers, against the rulers of the darkness 
of the world, against spiritual wickedness in high places. 



264 KNiaHTS TSMPLAB. 

Wherefore, take unto you the whole armor ol &od, that 
ye may be able to withstand in the eyil day, and having done 
all, to stand. 

Stand therefore having your loins girt about with tnith; 

And having on the breast-plate of righteousness; 

And your feet shod with the preparation of the Gospel of 
peace ; 

Above all taking the shield c faith, wherewith yon sliall 
be able to quench the fiery darts of the wicked; 

And take the helmet of Salvation, and the sword of the 
Spirit, which is the word of God. — IJph, vi. 10-17. 



THE ORDER 



OT 



KNIGHTS OF MALTA. 




tigps $i AM^, 



CHAPTER XX. 



KNIGHTS OF MALTA. 



The followiDg passages of Scripture are occasionally 
rehearsed in encampments of Knights of Malta. 

And when they were escaped, then they knew that the 
island was called Melita. And the barbarous people shewed 
us no little kindness ; for they kindled a fire, and received us 
every one, because of the present rain, and because of the 
cold. And when Paul had gathered a bundle of sticks, and 
laid them on the fire, there came a viper out of the heat, and 
fastened on his hand. And when the barbarians saw the 
venomous beast hang on his hand, they said among them- 
selves, No doubt this man is a murderer, whom, though he 
hath escaped the sea, yet vengeance suffereth not to live. 
And he shook off the beast into the fire, and felt no harm. 
Howbeit they looked when he should have swollen, or fallen 
down dead suddenly ; but after they had looked a great while, 
and saw no harm come to him, they changed their minds, 
and said that he was a god. — Acts xxviii : 1-6. 

And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And 

the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH, THE KING OF 

THE JEWa.— St. John xix : 19. 
28 



258 KNIUIITS OF IIALTA. 

But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not 
with them when Jesus came. The other disciples, therefore, 
said unto him, We have seen the Lord. But he said onto 
them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nailB, 
and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my 
hand into his side, I will not believe. And after eight days, 
again his disciples were within, and Thomas with them. Then 
came Jesus, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and 
said. Peace be unto you. Then saith he to Thomas, Beach 
hither thy finger, and behold my hands ; and reach hither 
thy hand, and thrust it into my side ; and be not faithless, 
but believing. And Thomas answered and' said unto him, 
My Lord and my God. — John xx : 24-28. 

CHARGE TO A NEWLY CREATED BIB KNIQHT TEMPLAR AND 

KNIQHT or MALTA. 

This charge is from a later author; there was none in the Monitor. 
It is taken from Cross. 

Sir Knight: — Having passed through the several degrees 
and honorary distinctions of our ancient and honorable insti- 
tution — in your admission to the tesselated Masonic ground 
floor — your ascent into the middle chamber — your entrance 
to the unfinished sanctum sanctorum — your regularly passing 
the several gates of the temple — induction to the orienta- 
chair, witnessing the completion and dedication of that supert* 
model of excellence, the Temple^ which has immortalized the 
names of our ancient Grand Masters, and the justly celebrated 
craftsmen : — Having wrought in the ruins of the first Temple, 
and from its sacred Royal Arch brought to light incalculable 
treasures and advantages to the Craft — Having duly studied 
into the way and manner of their concealment ; also having 
been engaged in the hazardous enterprise of traversing an 
enemy's dominions, and there convincing a foreign prince 
that truth is great and will prevail — ^therefore you are now 



KNIGHTB OV MALTA. 259 

admitted to a participation of those labors wbioh are to effect 
the erection of a Temple more glorious than the first, even 
that beauteous Temple of Holiness and Innocencsj whose pil- 
lars are Charity, Mercy and Justice, the foundation of which 
is in the breast of every one, who has tasted that the Lord is 
gracious ; to whom coming as unto a living stone, disallowed 
indeed of men, but chosen of God and precious, even that 
hope which is an anchor to the soul both sure and steadfast, 
that demonstrates the existence of the soul, and animates us 
with the certainty of a glorious immortality. 

And now. Sir Knight, we bid you welcome to all those 
rights and privileges, even to that disinterested friendship, 
and unbounded hospitality which ever has, and we hope and 
trust ever will continue to adorn, distinguish, and characterize 
this noble Order. 

It will henceforth become your duty as well as inclination, 
to assist, protect, and befriend, the weary way-worn traveler 
who finds the bights of fortune inaccessible, and the thorny 
paths of life broken, adverse, a^d forlorn ; to succor, defend, 
and protect innocence, the distfessed, and helpless, ever stand- 
ing forth as a champion to espouse the cause of the Christian 
Religion, 

You are to inculcate, enforce, and practice virtue; and 
amid all the temptations which surround you, never to be 
drawn aside from the pa{h of duty, or forgetful of those due 
guards and pass- words which are necessary to be had in per- 
petual remembrance ; and while one hand is wielding the sure 
defense for your Companion in dasger, let the other grasp 
the mystic Trowel, and widely diffuse the genuine cement of 
Brotherly Love and Friendship. 

Should calumny assail the character of a Brother Sir Knight, 
recollect that you are to step forth and vindicate his good 
name, and assist him on all necessary occasions. Should 
assailants ever attempt your honor, interest, or happiness, 



260 KKIOHTS OF MALTA. 

remember, also, at the same time, you have the counael and 
support^of your brethren, whose mystic words, combining the 
virtues of Faith, Hope, and Charity, with Justice^ Fortitude 
and Merely will leap from their scabbards in defense of your 
just rights, and insure you a glorious triumph oyer all your 
enemies. 

On this occasion permit me, Sir Knight, to remind you of 
our mutual engagements, our reciprocal ties; for whateyer 
may be your situation or rank in life, on close examination, 
you will find those in similar stations, who haye dignified 
themselves and been useful to mankind. Whether, therefore, 
you are placed upon the highest pinnacle of worldly grandeur, 
and distinctly seen to glitter from afar ; or glide more securely 
in the humble vale of obscurity, unnoticed save by a few; it 
matters not, for a few rolling suns will close the scene, 
when nought but holiness will serve as a sure pass -word to 
gain admission into that Rest prepared from the foundation 
of the world. You are therefore called upon to discharge all 
your duties with fidelity and patience, whether in the fields in 
the Senate, on the Bench, at the Bar, or at the ffol^ AUar. 

If you see a Brother bending under the cross of adversity 
and disappointment, look not idly on, neither pass by on the 
other side, but fly to his relief. If he be deceived, tell him 
the Truth; if he be calumniated, vindicate his cause; for, 
although in some instances, he may have erred, still recollect 
that indiscretion in him should never destroy humanity in 
you. 

Finally, Sir Knights, as memento mori is deeply engraved 
on all sublunary enjoyments, let us ever be found in the habili- 
ments of righteousness, traversing the straight path of recti- 
tude, virtue, and true holiness ; so that having discharged our 
duty here below, performed the pil^ma-ge of life, burst the 
hands of mortality, passed over the Jordan of death, and 
safely landed on the broad shore of eternity — there, in the 



KNIQHTS OF MALTA. 261 

presence of myriads of attending angels, we may be greeted 
as brethren, and received into the widely extended arms of 
the blessed Emanuel, and for ever made to participate in his 
Heavenly Kingdom. 

There is no form of constituting Encampments and installing ofScers 
in the Monitor, and we call not use those in other auUiors without a 
Tiolation of copyright. 



A PRACTICAL SYNOPSIS 



or 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 



FOR GENERAL USE 



BY ROB MORRIS, 

MASONIC AUTHOR AND LXOTlTRaE 



PREFATORY REMARKS. 



" The system of Masonic law lias little of the republican 
or democratic spirit about it. All its greater principles (well 
termed in Masonic parlance landmarks) and most of tbe 
minor details of its governmental polity, are provided to our 
hands as they were provided to our fathers' hands ages since, 
in the traditions and publications of the Order. Of all the 
wretched theories into which even some learned in the econ- 
omy of Masonic government have been misled, none proba- 
bly have been more pernicious in their results than that 
assumption which places the original and sole authori^ of 
Masonic government in the consent of the governed. This 
error strikes a blow at the very base of the structure on which 
all government and order rests among men, the inviolahle 
sanctity of law. It substitutes popular caprice for the author- 
ity of antiquity, and, perhaps, it is not too much to add, in 
view of the high and mighty purposes for which the Masonic 
institution was originally set up, the authority of God, It 
writes upon the sand of the wave -washed sea-shore the laws 
which ought to be carved in the rock of eternal justice."* 

Under these impressions, I have devoted my attention in 
this work, less to the local and ephemeral legislation of mod- 
ern Grand Lodges than to those fragments of Masonic law, 
ancient and universal, which remain to us in the '* Constitu- 
tions," " Charges," etc., happily reserved from the ravages of 
time. In these there is space enough to set up the posts 
and pillars of the Masonic structure, and to erect an edifice 
which shall be recognized by the intelligent eyes of Masons 

every where, and shall stand until the last great purpose for 

— - - , ■ - . , . 

* Altered from a passage in a late Discoarse upon " Reverence for 
Law," by Rev. J. P. Safford, D. D. 



266 PRXFATORT aEMARKS. 

whicH the lastitation was originally designed shall be accom- 
plished. The authority for each of these Masonic decisiona 
IS derived directly or indirectly from the ^^Constitutions '* and 
'< Charges/' accessible in these latter days to every seeker for 
Masonic light. It matters but little to the present writer 
whether they are found to agree with the local practices in 
all the thirty-six Grand Lodge jurisdictions of the United 
States or not. 

But it matters much to the reader, earnestly bent upon pur- 
suing the science of Masonry, according to ancient and uni- 
versal principles, that he finds discrepancies, sometimes fun- 
damental in their nature, in the usages of the Craft around 
him. It is not a little disheartening to the conscientious 
student of Masonry to discover that his covenant with the 
Grrand Lodge, and his covenant with the Craft universal, are not 
identical. This has startled, discouraged, disgusted many a 
YOung and zealous Brother who, but for this, had attained to 
be a bright light in the Masonic Society. 

The first duty of the reader of this Synopsis, is to obey the 
edicts of his Grand Lodge. Bight or wrong, his very exist- 
ence as a Mason hangs upon obedience to the powers immedi- 
ately set above him. Failure in this must infallibly bring 
down expulsion which, as a Masonic death, ends all. The one 
unpardonable crime in a Mason is contumacy, or disobedience. 

ovLt Grand Lodges are easily swayed, and most easily 
swayed in the right direction. There are so many lights avail- 
able at the present time — the argument irrefragible (" it is 
opposed to the Masonic Landmarks,") can be hurled from so 
many engines — ^from books, from periodicals, from intelligent 
lecturers, from largo and increasing usage — that the zealous 
and learned Brother, conscientiously opposed to an innovation 
adopted by the Grand Lodge which governs him, has it almost 
in his own power to control that body and effect a change. 
My personal observations have given me numerous instances 
to confirm this most encouraging opinion and reduce it to a 
certainty. 

Then let the ardent and unselfish Brother take courage. 
Perusing these " decisions " which, indeed, are not mine 
but those of thousands and of tens of thousands, let him 
compare them one by one with the ancient law to which 
I, in common with all the Craft, humbly bend, and if found 



PBIFATOBT BBMABKS. 267 

accordant therewith, let him be the vehicle of their introduc- 
tion into the practice of his own Grand Lodge. Let him be 
a co-laborer with those thousands and tens of thousands who 
are already enjoying some of the sweets of a victory, accom- 
plished under the auspices of " time, patience, and persever- 
ance," a band whose numbers are increasing day by day, and 
with whom ^' the only contention is that noble contention, or 
rather emulation, of who best can work and best agree." 

To make the alphabet as nearly complete as possible, I have 
added a few topics, such as Adoption, etc., etc., which are not 
BO directly connected with the Masonic system as some others, 
but which it is hoped the reader will find instructive. 

In continuation of this Synopsis, the reader is advised to 
use the following works : Morris's Code of Masonic Law ; 
Hubbard's Decisions of Masonic Questions ; Mackey's Prin- 
ciples of Masonic Law ; C. W. Moore's Decisions of Masonic 
Questions, as scattered through the volumes of The Freema- 
son's Magazine, Boston ; and Mackey's Lexicon of Freema- 
sonry. Br. George Oliver has recently published a work 
upon Masonic Jurisprudence, which I have not seen, but take 
it for granted it is of equal weight with his other valuable 
publications. 

The reader's devoted Brother, 

BOB MOBBIS. 

LomSYiLU, Kt., January 1, 1869. 



TO 

WOES. BRO. ALBERT G. HODGES, 

07 

FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY; 

A MASON WHOSB GRIP AND WORD HATS LT7TED AND GH££RED ME IN 

MORE THAN ONE DESPONDING HOUR, 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE 

FEATEBNiLlY DEDICATED. 



A PRACTICAL SYNOPSIS 



or 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 



ADOPTION. 



(See also Androgynous; Eastern Star; Females; Good Samaritan; 
Heroine of Jericho; Holy Virgin ; Mason's Daughter.) 

Adoptiye Masonry is that system by which it is proposed to 
secure the attachment of females to the Masonic institution, 
and to aiford them some means, however partial or imperfect, 
of recognizing and being recognized by Masons, when other- 
wise strangers. There are many orders or degrees of Adopt- 
ive Masonry in vogue. 

The philosophy of Adoptive Masonry Hes in this, that the 
worthy and distressed widow and orphan daughter of a Master 
Mason are entitled, by the very covenant of Symbolical Ma- 
sonry, to the same measure of protection and relief as the 
Master Mason himself. It would seem to follow then that 
some means should be CG^municated to such females by 
which they may make their claims good and enjoy the valuable 
privileges to which their relationship entitles them. ' 

The principal Orders or Degrees of Adoptive Masonry 
practiced in the United States are named in the parenthesis in 
the caption. The most popular and most consistent of them 
all is The Eastern Star, which is communicated under proper 
precautions to the wives, widows, sisters and daughters of 
worthy Master Masons. 

There is no special privilege, however, inherent in any of 
these Orders of Adoptive Masonry ; in none of them is it pro- 
posed to bring females nearer to Masonry, or to communicate 
any of its secrets to them; or to extend its benefits more 
abundantly to them. The sole design is, as before stated, to 



272 MASONIO LAW AND USAGS. 

enable tliem to secure privileges already, by their relationship 
to Master Masons, their due, and thus induce them the more 
highly to prize a system from the inner mysteries of which 
they, from their very sex, are for ever debarred. 

All the orders or degrees of Adoptive Masonry, like those 
of Capitular and Cryptic Masonry, are modern; none of them 
exceeding a century in age. 

There is no general head or government to the orders of 
Adoptive Masonry. Every person who communicates, them 
varies their ceremonies, obligations, etc., to his own taste; 
consequently, with the exception of one {The Eastern Star), 
they possess, at present, but little value as a means of recog- 
nition ; being deficient in universaliti/, the very essence of a 
Masonic system. 

ADULTERY. 

(See also Discipline ; Females; Fornication.) 

There is no offense in the Masonic code treated more severely 
than unlawful carnal connexion with the female relation of a 
Mason. It is considered well-nigh unpardonable. No degree 
of solicitation, however urgent on the part of the one ; no cir- 
cumstances of temptation, however great^ on the part of the 
other ; and no after repentance, however sincere, are admitted 
in plea. The penalty is expulsion, and the door of return to 
the Order closed for ever. Adultery or fornication with an- 
other party, however, stands upon the same footing as other 
offenses enumerated in the Decalogue. 



AFFILIATION. 

(See also Discipline ; Non-affiliation; Withdrawals.) 

The connection between the Master Mason and his Lodge, so 
vitally important to his Masonic usefulness and character, and 
80 urgently enjoined in the " Ancient Charges," is denomi- 
nated affiliation. It is a crying evil of the present day that 
thousands of brethren have been allowed to withdraw from the 
fold provided for them in the constitutions of Masonry, and 
to encumber its workings with almost insurmountable dif- 
ficulties. 

Affiliation with the Lodge should be encouraged by every 



MASONIC LAW AND USAQB. 273 

honorable means, and none should be allowed to withdraw 
from it save for the laudable purpose of uniting immediately 
with other Lodges. Non-affiliated Masons should not be 
encouraged in their condition of withdrawal ; or allowed to 
visit the Lodge more than once or twice : or admitted under 
any circumstances into the public celebrations, festivals, fune- 
rals, etc., of the Order; or aided from the treasury of the 
Lodge; or buried with Masonic honors; or introduced to 
Masons as brothers. 

It is lawful and proper to solicit non-affiliating Masons to 
unite with the Lodge. 

The fees of affiliation should be set at a price merely nom- 
inal (say $1 or $2) to allure the non -affiliating Masons to 
return to the fold. 

The following form of petition for affiliation is appropriate : 

** To the Master, Wardens and Brethren of Lodge, 

No. : The undersigned, a regular Master Mason, 

late a member of Lodge, No. , at , 

respectfully prays to become a member of your Lodge. If 
his petition is granted, he pledges himself to a cheerful ac- 
quiescence in the By-laws and regulations of the Lodge. 

(Signed) . 

Recommended by ." 

This paper, if accepted, should be carefully preserved by 
the Secretary and filed in the Archives of the Lodge. 

A petition for affiliation, if accepted by the Lodge, is refer- 
red to a committee, who are permitted the term of one month 
to make suitable inquiries as to character, etc., and report 
their conclusions to tne Lodge. A ballot is then spread, and 
by unanimous vote the applicant is admitted. If one or more 
black balls appear, the applicant is rejected. 

The rejection of a petition for affiliation, like that of a 
petition for initiation, removes the subject beyond the control 
of the Lodge for a certain period, designated by the Grand 
Lodge. This is usually six or twelve months. In some juris- 
dictions no period is set, and then the petition can be renewed 
at every meeting, if thought proper. 

Tke reception of an Entered Apprentice or Fellow-crafb 

from another Lodge is not termed affiliation^ although, like 

that, it demands an unanimous vote of the Lodge. It is rather 

to be considered in the light of acc^Hng unfinished work from 

24 



274 MABONIO LAW AND USAGE. 

another Lodgt^ and involves the pledge, if the party is quali- 
fied and proves worthy, to advance him in due tiroe. 

None hut Master Masons regularly affiliated can take any 
part in balloting, or in the government of the Lodge. Excep- 
tions to this rule, however, may be found in the Canadian 
Lodges, and a portion of the Lodges in Kentucky ; in which, 
strangely enough, Entered Apprentices and Fellow-crafts are 
allowed a ballot and a vote. Yet even there they are not 
deemed affiliated Masons, can not vote in the election of offi- 
cers, share in the benefits of the Lodge treasury, visit the 
Grand Lodge, or receive Masonic burial. 

For the system of Honorary Affiliation see Honorary and 
Membership, 

ALMSGIVING. 

( See Charity, etc.) 

The bounties of Masons are due to all suffering creatures 
whom they may encounter, but more especially to Brother 
Masons. See the caption Reliefs in the Entered Apprentice's 
Lecture. 



ANDROGYNOUS. 

(See «lso Adoption ; Eastern Star; Good Samaritan: Heroine of Jer- 
icho ; Holy Virgin ; Mason's Daughter. 

The theory of Androgynous or Adoptive Masonry is this, — 
to afford to certain classes of females, entitled by the Masonic 
constitutions to the protection and aid of the Order, some 
means whereby they may knttw and be known by Masons wher- 
ever met. and thus claim their privileges. As no female can 
lawfully be entrusted with the secrets of Symbolical Masonry, 
other means of recognition have been invented, the names of 
which appear in the caption. 

That these orders or degrees of Androgynous Masonry have 
thus far failed in accomplishing so great and desirable. a result, 
is no argument against their use ; nor is the opposition which 
the whole system is encountering in certain quarters a matter 
of fundamental importance. This opposition is but trifling 
compared with that which Koyal Arch Masonry, now so 



MASONIO LAW AND USAQE. 275 

popular, encountered in the first fifty years of its establish- 
ment; and the friends of Adoptive Masonry are quite as 
numerous and influential as its opponents. While the fact 
remains that there is an inherent privilege in females iciihuvt the 
means of enjoying it, attempts will continue to be made to 
remove the discrepancy. 

Modern as Androgynous Masonry is, it is at least as old as 
Royal Arch or Capitular Masonry, and considerably older 
than other Masonic systems which are sharing largely in the 
favor of the Craft. 



APPEAL. 

(See Discipline.) 

In all cases of Masonic discipline an appeal to the Grand 
Lodge may be taken against the action of the Lodge, either 
by the accused or by one of the members. In case of an 
appeal the Lodge, through its Secretary, must forward to the 
Grand Secretary a certified copy of all the evidence and papers 
used in the course of the trial. The original papers are to be tiled 
in the archives of the Subordinate Lodge. The punishment 
of a Brother dates from the hour of his conviction ; nor does 
the appeal in itself give him standing as a Mason. The Grand 
Lodge may restore him to Masonry, but until they do so his 
sentence is recorded against him. A restoration by the Grand 
Lodge does not imply a restoration to membership j but to the 
general (limited) privileges of a demitted Mason. A reversal 
of the whole proceedings and order for a new trial, however, 
restores the accused to membership, placing him exactly where 
he was before trial. 



APPRENTICES. 

(See aUo Crafts ; Entered Apprentices ; Materials ; Religion.) 

A Brother having been initiated regularly into the first 
degree of Masonry, is styled an Apprentice or Entered 
Apprentice, By the philosophy of the Masonic Institution, 
he is covenanted to preserve its secrets, and charged to be 
moral and charitable. It is necessary he should profess 
belief in Deity, before he can be initiated. The principal 
tenets expounded to him, are Brotherly Love, Relief and 



276 MABONIC LAW AND USAQE. 

Truth ; the cardinal virtues are Temperance, Fortitude, Pru- 
dence and Justice. (See those captions in the Entered 
Apprentice's Lecture.) He is required to serve the Order, 
personified in its executive head, the Master, with Freedom, 
Fervency and Zeal. 

An Apprentice is encouraged to visit his Lodge at every 
meeting, it being understood that it shall be opened in the 
first degree for his accommodation, but he is charged not to 
slight his necessary avocations for that purpose, as they are 
by no means to be neglected. An Apprentice can not 
travel as such, nor visit other Lodges than his own, except by 
special courtesy, and then avouched by some one who has set 
with him in his own. He is not allowed to enter into argu- 
ments with non -masons upon the topics of Masonry, but is 
encouraged to study to acquire a knowledge of the art by the 
assurance that he will find the brethren as ready to impart 
information, as he will be to receive it. 

An Apprentice is not allowed the benefits of the Masonic 
treasury ; nor to be interred with the honors of the Order. 
Neither can he take any part in the ceremonials of Masonic 
interment, the funeral Lodge and procession, being opened in 
the third degree only. The female relatives of an Apprentice 
have no claim as such to the protection and aid of the Fra- 
ternity. He has no vote in the proceedings of the Lodge, nor 
can he take any part in debate. An exception to the rule of 
voting, however, is found in the Canadian Lodges, and in 
some of the Lodges in Kentucl^, wherein Apprentices are 
allowed a vote and voice in their own degree. 

No dues are charged to Apprentices, nor are the dues, 
ordinary or extraordinary of the Lodge, exacted of them. 
The exception named above in Kentucky, applies however, to 
this rule. 

An Apprentice may be tried upon regular charges for any 
offense against law, morals or good behavior, and punished 
accordingly. The trial in such a case will be had before a 
committee of the Lodge, the evidence, etc., being taken in pres- 
ence of the accused, or it may be conducted in a Lodge of 
Entered Apprentices if preferred, but the final decision is 
had in the Masters' Lodge, where he can not enter. The 
offense of divulging Masonic secrets, is peculiarly heinous in 
an Apprentice. 



KASONIO LAW AND UBAQX. 277 

An Apprentice changing his resilience, and desiring to 
attacH himself to a Lodge contiguous, may, by order of his 
former Lodge, have a certificate of his standing and good con- 
duct, with a recommendation. (See non-affHiation for form of 
certificate.) 

An Apprentice can not hold office in the Lodge, nor serve 
upon a committee, nor even fill an official station temporarily. 
He may (and ought) to peruse the books and periodicals in 
the Lodge library, thus qualifying himself by an acquaintance 
with the history, philosophy, and jurisprudence of Masonry, 
for after places of honor and usefulness. 

No person can lawfully receive the degree of Entered 
Apprentice, save one who is mentally, morally, and physically 
perfect, according to the ancient Masonic meaning of the 
term. (See MateriaU.') 

The theory of the First Degree is Morality, 

ARCHIVES. 

(See also Secretary.) 

Every document of the least value, belonging to the Lodge, 
should be folded to a convenient size, uniform with the rest, 
indorsed on the back as to contents and date, placed in a bundle 
of the same department and year, and carefully preserved by 
the Secretary, in a locked receptacle. Of this sort are all 
petitions for initiation, membership or withdrawals; all 
letters from corresponding Lodges, or from the Grand Lodge, 
or from individuals upon Masonic or business subjects ; all 
evidence taken under authority of the Lodge in trial ; the blot 
copies of minutes as kept by the Secretary; all receipts given 
the Secretary by tbe Treasurer for moneys paid him, in accor- 
dance with his stated or extraordinary duties ; and all the 
books and records of the Lodge. 

The Secretary under the instructions of the Master, is the 
custodian or keeper of the Archives, and is responsible to 
the Lodge for the preservation of the same while in his 
charge, as well as for their faithful delivery to his successor 
when his term of service shall expire. 

The Archives of a Lodge are often of great historical 
value, not only to Freemasons, but to those who compose the 
history of nations. For the purpose therefore, of securing 
them against conflagration and the assaults of thieves, a 



278 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

commodious iron clopet should be at the commaDd of the 
Secretary, in which I hey may be safely stored. 



ASSEMBLAGES. 

(See also Communications ; Meetings.) 

The stated Api^emblajres of Masons, that is those meetings 
required by the By-laws, and which Master Masons partic- 
uliirly, are regularly bound to attend, should not occur oftener 
than twice a month in town, or once a month in country 
LodL'ca. More frequent meetinjrs are burdensome upon the 
feeble, the aged, and those immersed in business avocations j 
three clashes of individuals in which the most useful mem- 
bers arc sometines found, and if persisted in, will eventually 
drive them from active participation in the work of the Lodge. 
Many a Lod<::e have been ruined in the attempt to maintain 
weekly meetin<»:s. There is little demand for more than 
monthly stated meetinjis. The collection of dues, passing 
upon accounts, examining questions of discipline, and 
receiving and acting upon petitions, which are about the only 
classes of business necessary to be performed in sfaUd meet- 
ings, rccjuires but a two hours' session monthly. Other 
matters, such as conferring degrees, interring the dead, 
instructing the brethren, etc., are best performed at called 
meetings, which may be made as frequent as a quorum of 
eight Masons with the Master or a Warden to preside, can be 
gatliored togetlier. 

Informal assemblies of brethren result in no good, and 
should be discountenanced. Tliey lead to cabals and caucuses, 
and speedily break down the perfect harmony, without which 
there can be no genuine 31asonry. There is no Masonic 
business which can not be done *' in a Lodge formed." The 
instruction of the younger brethren, and the dispensations of 
charity, do not come under this rule. 

Assemblages for i'uneral purposes, if met within a reason- 
able distance of the Lodge, are controlled under the same 
rule; a Charter, a Master, the Wardens; a Secretary for 
rerurding, and an open Lodge being the essentialH of all reg- 
ular Masonic gatherings.' But in the absence of a Lodge 
organization, or at a distance too great for such foru^ality, a 



MABONIO LAW AND USAGB. 279 

proper nnmber of brethren, working in the spirit of serious- 
ness and prudence may convene, and with the solemn rites of 
Masons, lay ^^ dust to dust." In some jurisdictions, however, 
no public assemblage, not even for Masonic obsequies, can 
be held without a dispensation from an officer of the Grand 
Lodge. 

ASSISTANCE. 

(See Charity, etc.) 

To help, aid and assist, a worthy distressed brother, his 
widow and orphan children, is as well a Masonic privilege, as 
a covenanted duty. Whatever derelictions of duty or short- 
comings, are chargeable upon the Masonic brotherhood, this 
is not one, to neglect the sacred calls of charity. A lodge or 
an individual Mason, regularly accused of a spirit of par- 
simony, in refusing such an appeal, would meet with little 
countenance from his brethren. 



BALLOTINa. 

(See Election ; Voting.) 

Voting by balls, counters, or slips, is styled halloling. It 
is one of the most serious acts of the Lodge, and should be 
performed under all the sanctities of the Masonic covenant. 
The three higher officers of the Lodge take joint possession of 
the ballot-box, and have special care that the result of the bal- 
lot is announced, while the Master sees that the views of the 
brethren who have voted are recorded correctly. 

The ballot is strictly secret, it being a misdemeanor for any 
member to announce his intention before voting, or the man- 
ner of his voting after the ball is cast. Many and serious evils 
have resulted to Masonry from a neglect of this provision. 
The ballot-box should be so arranged as to compel the utmost 
secresy in dropping the balls, and a plan for collecting the 
balls should be adopted which will prevent too-inquisitive 
brethren (if such are present) from acquiring any knowledge 
beyond that of their own deposit. 

Each member is responsible to his own conscience alone for 
the manner of his vote. 

Each member must vote upon every question before the 
Lodge, unless excused by vote of the Lodge. 



280 MA8ONI0 LAW AND USAQS. 

The ordinary usage, upon an application for initiation, la 
' that when an applicant is rejected by one ballot only^ a second 
ballot is taken without debate or delay. But if two or more 
black balls appear, the balloting ceases, and can never be re- 
sumed upon that application. A period specified in the Con- 
stitution of the Grand Lodge (usually twelve months) having 
elapsed, a new application may be presented by the same party, 
which takes the same direction as the former. 

The ballot-box should be prepared with anxious reference 
to secresy. The ballots used may conveniently be arranged 
into halU and cubes, the former colored white, the latter black. 
The box should be lined with cloth. 



BENEVOLENCE. 

(See Charity, etc.) 

This genial virtue is inculcated in Masonic lectures, and 
impressed by the Masonic ceremonial. Every Mason of fame 
and note has illustrated it in his walk and conversation, until 
the world has learned to consider Freemasonry as the most 
benevolent institution on earth. 



BLASPHEMY. 

(See Discipline.) 

Among the highest offenses against the Masonic code, that 
of blasphemy, or avowed disrespect to the name of Deity, is 
ranked. The candidate having upon his first entrance into 
the Order declared his trtist to be in Gody blasphemy stamps 
him a hypocrite, or implies that his trust is removed ; in either 
case he is a proper subject for Masonic discipline. The term 
<' irreligious libertine," used in the Ancient Charges, implies 
an avowed scoffer at religion ; such an one is forbidden in the 
Masonic covenants to be admitted to the Order. 

There is no excuse for confirmed blasphemy, as there is no 
temptation alluring a person to commit it. 



BY-LAWS. 

(See Constitutions, Edicts, and Rales.) 
That code of Masonic jurisprudence which, containing 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 281 

many of the regulations of the Grand Lodge and of the an- 
cient constitutions of Masonry, is extended to embrace all the 
minor details of government and discipline of a Subordinate 
Lodge, so far as they can be reduced to writing, is called the 
By-laws. These should be full, explicit, systematically arr^mged 
into Chapters and Sections, printed in convenient size, and 
tasteful to the eye, and afforded to the members and visitors in 
ample quantities. 

The Lodge should adopt a form of By-laws only after careful 
and protracted examination and consideration. They should 
be submitted to the judgment of experienced Masons in other 
Lodges, and, once adopted, remain forever unchanged, save in 
local particulars. Obedience to the By-laws is enforced upon 
the members by the utmost sanctity of the Masonic covenant. 

Until the Grand Lodge has examined and approved the 
By-laws of a Lodge, they are not to be considered as perma- 
nently adopted, and should not be published. A Lodge work- 
ing Under Dispensation should not print its By-laws. 

The topics which must be treated in a perfect form of By- 
laws are the following : 

The Lodge; its title, warrant and meetings. The Member- 
ihip ; the members, their duties. T'Ae C{^cer«; their election, 
installation and duties. Petitions; for initiation, member- 
ship, advancement, demit, diploma, charity, appeal. Action 
on petitions. Financials ; fees, charity, wages, management 
of the funds. Committees; standing, special. Discipline; 
offenses, trials, penalties, appeals. ATnendments. 

It is not meant to imply, however, that no other topics are 
admissible. A practical exhibit of the constitution and edicts 
of the Grand Lodge and of the "Ancient Charges," or a col- 
lection of appropriate Masonic Songs, an approved form of 
Funeral Service, a catalogue of the officers and members of the 
Lodge since the period of its organization, and a condensed 
history of the Lodge itself, as exhibited in its own records, 
these are all appropriate to a place in, or as an appendix to the 
By-laws. A set of By-laws thus enlarged and dignified, re- 
flects infinite credit upon the Lodge whose name they bear. 

Several Grand Lodges, Kentucky being the first, have framed 

standard forms of By-laws, as models for the use of their 

Subordinates. This is praise-worthy. There is so little in the 

workings of one Lodge that differs from another, that nineteen - 

25 



282 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

twentieths of the text of the By-laws in 4500 Lodges might 
be stereotyped, much to the advantage of the whole. 

A code of By-laws well systematized, whatever be the amount 
of matter they contain, is convenient for use, and no com- 
plaint will ever arise as to their length or bulk. While on 
the contrary, a code " without form," as the majority are, is 
inconvenient for use, no matter how brief, and it will never 
command the respect of the members, or of the world. 

It is the duty of the Stewards (or Tyler) to place a copy of 
the By-laws on every seat, prior to opening the Lodge. A 
copy should be presented to each newly initiated Brother. 
Lodges in correspondence with each other, should exchange 
copies of their By-laws respectively. A traveling Brother 
should carry a copy of the By-laws of the Lodge of which he 
is a member, to exhibit to examining Committees, at the doors 
of the various Lodges he may desire to visit. 

Lodges should not legislate in their By-laws against any 
practice which is legalized by the laws of the State. The sale 
or moderate use of ardent spirits, the traffic in lottery tickets, 
enlisting in the army, etc., where legalized as above, should 
not be denounced by Masonic regulations. Neither must the 
By-laws of Lodges discriminate in regard to sectarian creeds 
and faith. To legislate against belief in Universalism, Mor- 
monism, Spiritualism, etc., is not in the prerogative of Masonic 
Lodges, Grand or Subordinate. 

An applicant for initiation, also a visitor, has a right to 
demand a perusal of the By-laws of the Lodge. 

The following is a " Model Form of By-laws," prepared by 
the author of this Appendix, and first published in 1854. It 
is the earliest pattern of By-laws ever promulgated, and has 
been so often pronounced the best as to justify its insertion 
here entire. 




n^w%. 



CHAPTER I. 

THE LODGE. 

Its THUy Warrant and Meetings. 

Sec. l.— The Title of the Lodge, 
The title of this Lodge shall be No. 



Sec. 2. — Tlie Warrant of the Lodge, 

The Warrant of this Lodge is a charter granted on the 
day of , A. D. , A. L. , by the Most 



Worshipful Grand Lodge of , to whose 

constitutional rules and edicts the most implicit respect and 
obedience shall ever be paid by its members. The jurisdic- 
tion of this Lodge extends on each side of it to a point equi- 
distant to the nearest Lodges, respectively. 

Sec. 3. — The Meetings of the Lodge, 

The meetings of this Lodge shall be either stated, festival, 

or called. The stated meetings shall be held on the 

of each month. The hour of meeting from 

March 21st to September 22d, inclusive, shall be 7J o'clock ; 
and from September 22d to March 21st, at 6 o'clock, P. M. 
The hour of closing shall be 10 P. M. throughout the year. 

The order of business, at every stated meeting of the Lodge, 
shall be as follows, subject, however, to be changed at any 



234 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

time, or temporarily dispensed with, at the discretion of the 

\st. Reading minutes of last stoted, and all intervening 

meetings. 

2d. Unfinished business. 
3d. Reports of Committees. 
4th. Balloting. 
5th. Reception of petitions. 
6th. Motions. 

7th. Work. ... ^ x ^ j *. 

All business of this Lodge must originate at stated meet- 
inffs except the burial of the dead and installations ; all bal- 
loting on petitions for initiation, advancement or membership, 
and all appropriations of the funds of the Lodge, must be 

done at stated meetings. „ , «. , :. .i. j j 

No stated meetings can be called off beyond the day and 
night in which it was opened, and the Lodge must be regu- 
lady closed before the brethren disperse. 

Degrees may be conferred at called meetings, provided the 
candidates have been duly elected at stated meetings. 

Festival meettngs, for the purpose of installation or social 
pleasure, shall be held on the anniversaries of the Saints John 
(St. John the Baptist, June 24th ; St. John the Evangelist, 
December 27th), or the day before or the day after, at such 
hour as shall have been previously designated by vote of the 

Lodge. 

Called meetings may be held at any time at the discretion 
of the Worshipful Master, by giving due notice to a reasonable 
number of the members for such purposes as may be strictly 
specified in the notice, and not incompatible with the laws 
and usages of Masonry. All meetings of this Lodge shall be 

held at the Masonic Hall, at , unless for funeral 

or other strictly emergent purposes the Worshipful Master 
direct otherwise. 

No meeting of this Lodge, either slated, called or festival, 
can be held unless the charter is present and displayed in 
view of the members present; and none be declared open 
until after devout prayer to God. 

This Lodge shall be represented at each Grand Communi- 
cation of the Grand Lodge of , when practi- 
cable. 



MASONIC LAW AND USAQS. 285 



CHAPTER II. 

THC MEMBERSHIP. 

The Members and their Duties. 

Seo. 1 . — Who are Members of this Lodge, 

The members of this Lodge are all who have been or maj 
be initiated or elected to membership herein, and who have 
subscribed their names to these By-Laws, not haying demitted 
or been excluded for unmasonic conduct. 

Seo. 2. — The Duties of the Members, 

The duties of the members of this Lodge are primarily 
divided into three classes — toward God, their neighbors and 
themselves. 

Toward God — to respect the name, and exalt the honor of 
the Grand Master in Heaven, and ever to allude to him with 
that profound respect due from the creature to the Creator ; 
likewise, to love, honor and obey the Holy Bible, the Word 
of God, as the only Masonic guide of faith and practice. 

Totcard their neighbors — to do unto others as in like cir- 
cumstances they would have others do to them. 

Totcard themselves — to avoid all irregularity and intemper- 
ance which may Impair their faculties or debase the dignity of 
their profession. 

The duties of the members of this Lodge are secondarily 
divided into three classes — toward an individual Brother, this 
Lodge and the body of Masonry. 

Toward an individual Brother — to aid him in the hour of 
difficulty; console him in the hour of grief ; relieve him in dis- 
tress ; counsel him when astray; pray for him at all times ; and 
to avoid every word ,and act that might injure him in person, 
character, purse, or feeling. 

Toward this Lodge — to obey these By-Laws, and all other 
of its rules and edicts, as well in spirit as in letter; to uphold 
all its lawful interests, and extend the honor of its name 
throughout the Masonic world. 

Toward the body of Masonry — to support the Constitution 
of the Grand Lodge of the State of -. , which is the 



286 MASONIC LAW AND UBAQB. 

conseryator and ruler of the Order in this jarisdiction, and see 
that none of the ancient landmarks of Masonry are removed or 
overthrown. 

The various "Charges" delivered monitoriallj to candidates 
in three symbolic degrees respectively, are hereby acknowl- 
edged to contain a correct summary of Masonic duties. Any 
violation of these rules, or neglect of the duties specified in 
this section, is an offense against Masonry. 



CHAPTER ni. 

THE OFFICERS. 

The Officers^ thdr Election^ InstaUation and Duties, 

Sec. 1. — The Officers of the Lodge, 

The officers of this Lodge shall be ranked and entitled as 
follows : 

1. The Worshipful Master. 

2. The Senior Warden. 

3. The Junior Warden. 

4. The Treasurer. 
6. The Secretary. 

6. The Senior Deacon. 

7. Junior Deacon. 

8. The Steward. 

9. The Tyler. 

All the officers of this Lodge, except the Deacons, are 
elective. 

The offices of Steward and Tyler may be vested in one and 
the same individual, at the discretion of the Lodge. 

Sec. 2. — The Election of the OJicen, 

The election of the officers of this Lodge is considered 
under three heads, to wit: The time of election, the manner of 
election, and the eligibility of electors. 

The time of election shall be annual — that is to say on the 

, at such an hour as may have been 

designated at the stated meeting last preceding. But if for 
any reason the members prefer another day, the Lodge, by 
unanimous vote, may select the day before or the day after, 
at its discretion. 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 287 

Each officer, duly elected and installed, sball hold his office 
until his successor is duly elected and installed. 

The manner of election and appointment shall be as follows : 
When the day of election shall arrive, the presiding officer 
shall open this Lodge in the third degree of Masonry. 

The Secretary shall then call over the roll of all the mem- 
bers of the Lodge ^Master Masons) who are entitled to vote, 
beginning with the Worshipful Master, and continuing accord- 
ing to rank and seniority. 

Nominations for the office of Worshipful Master shall then 
be made — the last Master, unless excused at his own request 
(or withdrawn), being always considered in nomination for 
re-election. 

The roll of voters shall again be called, as before ; and as 
each one's name is announced, the Senior Deacon shall carry 
the box to him and receive from him a written ballot. 

When all the votes are thus collected, they shall be delivered 
to the presiding officer to count, who, after he has carefully 
ascertained the state of the vote, shall order the Secretary to 
proclaim the officer elected. 

While the Senior Deacon is collecting the votes, and until 
the Secretary has made proclamation, as aforesaid, each mem- 
ber shall be silent and keep his seat. None can serve as Mas- 
ter until he has first served as Warden in this or some other 
legal Lodge. 

After the office of Worshipful Master is filled, the vote 
shall be taken for Senior Warden, for Junior Warden, for 
Treasurer and for Secretary, according to the same rules and 
principles. Finally, the offices of Steward and Tyler shall be 
filled on the same plan, except that the individuals last occupy- 
ing those stations shall not be considered in nomination for 
re-election, unless specially nominated for the occasion. 

Immediately following the election of officers, as above 
described, the Worshipful Master elect shall appoint a Senior 
Deacon, and the Senior Warden elect shall appoint a Junior 
Deacon, who shall be proclaimed by the Secretary as the other 
officers. 

All preferment among Masons is grounded upon real worth 
and personal merit only ; therefore no Master or Warden shall 
be chosen by seniority, but for his merit. 



288 MASONIC LAW AND rSAOB. 

A majority of all the votes cast shall be essential to a 
choice. 

No member shall suflfer another to know for whom his vote 
is ca8t. 

No member present and entitled to vote shall be excused 
from that duty, save by permission of the Lodge, granted for 
good and sufficient reasons presented. 

No officer, duly elected and installed, can resign his office 
during the term thereof, save by demitting. 

The eHgihility of electors. — Every Master Mason, a member 
of this Lodge, whose dues are paid up to the day of election, 
and who is not at the time of election under exclusion for 
unmasonic conduct, shall be eligible to vote and no others. 

Sec. 3. — The Installation of the OJUcerz, 

The inRtallation of the officers of this Lodge shall take 
place on December 27th« unless that day come on Sunday, or 
as soon as practicable after their election. 

The last Past Master, when present, may install the Wor- 
shipful Master elect, who may then proceed to install the other 
officers. 

The ruler for installing shall be those set forth in the 
various Masonic Manuals, approved by the Grand Lodge of 

An officer, re-elected to the office in which he has just served 
one or more terms, need not be reinstalled therein. 

Sec. 4. — The Duties of the Officers. 

The duties of the officers of this Lodge are considered under 
eight heads, as follows : 

The Worshipful Master. — In addition to those dutjies which 
appertain to every individual Mason, and those which are 
purely traditional, and therefore unwritten, the duties of the 
Worshipful Master are: 1. To open and preside over the 
Lodge when present, and to make all necessary provision for 
the faithful performance of those duties when absent. 2. To 
preserve the charter of the Lodge with unfailing care, and 
deliver it to his successor in office. 3. To see that these By- 
Laws, the Constitution of the Grand Lodge of , 

ani the Ancient Constitutions of Freemasonry, be duly under- 
stood, respected and obeyed by the members. 4. To give 
Masonic instruction at every meeting of the Lodge. 5. To 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 289 

take comroaDd of the other .officers, and claim of them a< any 
time advice and assistance on any business relative to the 
Craft. 6. To represent this Lodge, in conjunction with the 
Senior and Junior Wardens, at all the Grand Communications 

of the Most Worshipful (xrand Lodge of the State of 

. 7. To see that the proper officers collect and truly 

keep the moneys of the Lodge ; to see that the furniture and 
other valuables are not wasted, damaged or lost; and, iu the 
event that the charter of this Lodge should ever be forfeited 
or surrendered, to preserve tlese things subject to the or- 
der of the Grand Lodge. 8. To draw all orders upon the 
Trex surer, but not without the consent of the Lod^e. 9. To 
act upon the Standing Committee of Charity. 10. To appoint 
all Committees except the Standing Committee of Charity. 
11. To see that all unmasonic conduct that comes to his 
knowledge be faithfully dealt with according to the By-Laws 
of the Lodge and the general rules of Masonry. 12. To 
guarantee to every one charged with unmasonic conduct a 
fair trial, and an appeal to the Grand Lodge if demanded. 
13. To preside at the burial services of deceased Master Ma- 
sons, members of this Lodge. 14. To appoint the Senior 
Deacon. 15. To fill all vacant offices by pro tern appoint- 
ments. 16. To convene the Lodge in called meetings, when- 
eTer there shall appear to him an emergent occasion. 17. To 
install his successor in office. 18. To see that worthy Broth- 
ers, visitors from other Lodges, have courteous attention and 
a welcome in this Lodge. 19. To give the casting vote at any 
time, in the event of a tie. 20. To appoint the standing 
Committee of Finance on the day of his installation. 21. To 
read and expound to the Lodge the proceedings of the Grand 
Lodge. 22. To decide all questions of order subject to an 
appeal to the Grand Lodge, or Grand Master. 

The Senior Warden. — In addition to those duties which 
appertain to every individual Mason, and those which are 
purely traditional and therefore unwritten, the duties of the 
Senior Warden are: 1. To succeed to and exercise all the 
powers of the Worshipful Master in the event of his absence. 
2. To represent the Lodge, in conjunction with the Worthy 
Master and Junior Warden, at all the Grand Communications 

of the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of the State of — 

. 3. To act on the Standing Committee of Charity. 



290 MASONIC LAW AND USAQE. 

4. To appoint the Junior Deacon.* 5. To take charge of the 
Craft during the hours of labor. 

The Junior Warden. — In addition to those duties which 
appertain to every individual Mason, and those which are 
purely traditional and therefore unwritten, the duties of the 
Junior Warden are: 1. To succeed to and exercise all the 
powers of the Worshipful Master in the absence of the two 
oJ£cers above him. 2. To represent the Lodge, in conjunc- 
tion with the Worshipful Master and Senior Warden, at all 
the Grand Communications of the Most Worshipful G-rand 
Lodge of the State of . 3. To act on the Stand- 
ing Committee of Charity. 4. To take charge of the Craft 
during the hours of refreshment. 

The Treasurer, — In addition to those duties which apper- 
tain to every individual Mason, the duties of the Treasurer 
are : 1. To receive all moneys from the hands of the Secre- 
tary. 2. To keep just and regular accounts of the same. 3. 
To pay them out at the Worshipful Master's will and pleas- 
ure, with the consent of the Lodge. 4. To prepare an official 
statement of his account with the Lodge, and deliver, it to the 
Master on the . 

The Treasurer shall promptly deliver to his successor in 
office all the funds of the Lodge, together with all the books, 
vouchers, etc., having any reference to the financial business 
of the Lodge. 

The Secretary, — In addition to those duties which appertain 
to every individual Mason, the duties of the Secretary are : 
1. To observe the Worshipful Master's will and pleasure. 2. 
To record the proceedings of the Lodge. 3. To receive all 
moneys. 4. And to pay them into the hands of the Treas- 
urer. 5. To attend upon trials and meetings for taking evi- 
dence. 6. To furnish copies of all evidence taken on trials 
where an appeal to the Grand Lodge is demanded. 7. To 
furnish diplomas, demits, certificates, etc., duly signed and 
sealed, by order of the Lodge. 8. To prepare the annual 
reports for the Grand Lodge, and certificates of the represen- 
tatives. 9. To notify the Grand Secretary promptly of all 
expulsions from this Lodge. 10. To keep a book of Masonic 
biography, for recording all important facts relative to the 
Masonic history of each member of this Lodge. 11. To keep 
a visitor's book. 12. To prepare a balance-sheet of all the 



MASONIC LAW AND TJSAQE. 291 

accounts of the members, and a roll of all who are entitled to 
vote ; likewise, an official statement of his own account with 
the Lodge, and deliver them to the Master on the day of his 
installation. 13. To preserve the seal of the Lodge with 
care, and deliver it to the Worshipful Master at the close of 
his term of service. The Secretary shall promptly deliver to 
his successor in office all the books, papers, vouchers, etc., in 
his possession, having any reference to the business of his 
office. 

All petitions and documents of every character, handed to 
the Secretary, on the business of the Lodge, shall be labeled, 
filed for preservation, and kept in some safe and secure place, 
and only delivered up by order of the Lodge, according to the 
evident intention of these By-Laws. 

The Senior Deacon, — In addition to those duties which 
appertain to every individual Mason, and those which are 
purely traditional and therefore unwritten, the duties of the 
Senior Deacon are : 1. To act as the proxy of the Worshipful 
Master, in the active duties of the Lodge. 2. To give frater- 
nal attention to visiting Brethren. 3. To prepare and con- 
duct candidates in the different degrees of Masonry. 

The Senior Deacon is «>pointed by the Worshipful Master. 

The JwMjQT Deacon. — In addition to those duties which 
appertain to every individual Mason, and those which are 
purely traditional and therefore unwritten, the duties of the 
Junior Deacon are : 1. To act as the proxy of the Senior 
Warden in the active duties of the Lodge. 2. To have special 
care to the security of the Lodge. 

The Junior Deacon is appointed by the Senior Warden. 

The Steward, — In addition to those duties which appertain 
to every individual Mason, the duties of the Steward are : 1. 
To have in charge, subject to the direct orders of the Wor- 
shipful Master, the furniture, jewels, and other property of 
the Lodge. 2. To provide light, fuel and refreshments for 
the comfort of the Brethren. 3. To have special care to 
cleanliness in the hall and ante-rooms. 

The office of Steward may be merged into that of Tyler, at 
the discretion of the Lodge. 

The Tyler, — In addition to those duties which appertain to 
every individual Mason, the duties of the Tyler are : 1. To 
tyle the door, subject to the direct orders of the Worshipful 



292 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

Master. 2. To serve notices, summonses, citations, etc., issuod 
under authority of the Worshipful Master and the Lodge. 

The duties of Steward and Tyler may be united in the 
office of Tyler at the discretion of the Lodge. 

Svpemumerary Officers. — The Lodge may at its discretion, 
appoint a Chaplain, a Marshal, a Physician, an Organist, and 
one or more Masters of Ceremonies, whose duties shall cor- 
respond with their titles. 

Each officer of this Lodge shall be held personally respon- 
sible to the Worshipful Master, and, through him, to the 
Lodge and to the Grand Lodge, that his office be filled with 
dignity, honor and correctness, and that its various duties be 
performed without haughtiness or tyranny, but according to 
love, and in a diligent desire to exemplify the virtues and 
sublime morality of Freemasonry to the world. 

Due respect and obedience shall be paid by the members of 
this Lodge to its various officers, according to their respective 
rank and station. 



CHAPTER IV. 

PETITIONS. 

For Initiation^ Meinhership^ Advancement^ Demit y Dipb- 
may Charity y Appealy Action on Petitions. 

Sec. 1. — Petition for Initiation. 

An application for initiation into the Masonic Order through 
this Lodge, shall be made by a written petition, signed by the 
applicant's own hand, and in the following form : 

To the Worshipful Master, Wardens and Brethren of 

Lodge, No, . 

The undersigned respectfully petitions, that having long 
entertained a favorable opinion of your ancient and honor- 
able institution, he is desirous of being admitted a member 
thereof, if found worthy. He pledges himself to a cheerful 
obedience to all the requirements of the institution. His age 
is — years ; his avocation is that of ; his residence is 

• 

(Date.) A B- 



This petition shall be recommended by at least two mem- 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 293 

bers, Master Masons, and delivered to the Secretary, with the 
sum of — dollars accompanjing it. If the Lodge consent to 
receive it, it shall be referred to a Committee of three mem- 
bers, Master Masons, who shall diligently investigate the char- 
acter and standing of the applicant, and make a report to the 
Lodge at its stated meeting one month thereafter. 

The qualification for an initiate are faith in God, hope in 
immortality, and charity (love) toward all mankind. An ap- 
plicant shall furthermore have attained to the age of twenty- 
one years and be under the tongue of good report. 

Before a candidate shall enter the Lodge for initiation, he 
shall plainly declare his assent to the three following interro- 
gations : 

1. Do you seriously declare upon your honor before these 
gentlemen, that unbiased by friends and uninfluenced by mer- 
cenary motives, you freely and voluntarily oflfer yourself a 
candidate for the mysteries of Masonry. 

2. Do you seriously declare upon your honor before these 
gentlemen, that you are prompted to solicit the privileges of 
Masonry by a favorable Dpinion conceived of the institution, 
a desire of knowledge, and a sincere wish of being serviceable 
to your fellow-creatures ? 

3. Do you sincerely declare upon your honor before these 
gentlemen, that you will cheerfully conform to all the ancient 
established usages and customs of the fraternity ? 

Should the applicant be rejected, the deposit fee shall be 
returned to him. Should he be elected, and fail to come for- 
ward for initiation within six months, his fee shall be declared 
forfeited, and the whole proceedings in his case null and void. 

Sec. 2. — Petition for Membership. 

An application for membership into this Lodge by a Mason 
regularly demitted from some other Lodge of Free and Ac- 
cepted Masons, shall be made by a written petition, signed by 
the applicant's own hand, and in the following form : 

To the Worshipful Master, Wardens and Brethren of 

. Lodgc^ No. . 

The undersigned, a Mason, late a member of 



Lodge, No. — , under the jurisdiction of the Grand 

Lodge of , respectfully petitions for membership into 

your Lodge, if found worthy. He pledges himself to a cheer- 



294 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

fal obedience to all the requirements of jour By-Laws, and 
to the ancient usages of Masonry as admitted among you. 

His age is — years ; his avocation is that of a ; bis 

residence is . 

(Date.) 

This petition shall be recommended by at least two mem- 
bers, Master Masons, and delivered to the Secretary, with the 
sum of — dollars accompanying it. If the Lodge consent 
to receive it, it shall be referred, lie over and be reported 
upon, as in the case of a petition for initiation. 

No person shall be considered a member of this Lodge 
until he shall have subscribed his name to the By-Laws. 

Sec. 3. — Petition for Advancement. 

An application by an Entered Apprentice or Fellow-craft, 
a member of this Lodge, for advancement to a higher degree, 
shall be made verbally through a member, a Master Mason. 

The qualifications for an applicant for a higher degree are 
thorough proficiency in the preceding degrees, and satisfactory 
evidences that he possesses the genuine spirit of a Freemason. 

No petition for advancement shall be entertained until a 
public examination has been had, in open Lodge, as to the 
petitioner's qualifications, and an interval of at least one lunar 
month occur from the reception of the preceding degree. 

Sec. 4. — Petition for Demit, 

An application for a demit (withdrawal), from this Lodge 
by a member hereof, in either degree, shall be made by a writ- 
ten petition, signed by the applicant's own hand, and in the 
following form : 

To the Worshiped Master, Wardens and Brethren of 

Lodge, No. . 

The undersigned, a Mason, respectfully prays to 

withdraw from the membership of your Lodge, and asks for a 
certificate to that eifect. His motives for this request are 
. A B . 

(Date.) 

This petition shall be accompanied by a certificate from the 
Secretary of the payment of the applicant's quarterage, and 
all other dues, up to the end of the quarter in which the 
petition dates. 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 295 

No petition for a demit shall be entertained by this Lodge 
if the petitioner is under charges for unmasonic conduct of 
any sort. 

Sec. 5. — Petition for Diploma. 

An application for a diploma or certificate of present good 
standing, by a Master Mason, a member of this Lodge, shall 
be made verbally, and be accompanied by a certificate from 
the Secretary of the payment of quarterage and all other dues 
up to the end of the quarter in which the application dates. 

No petition for a diploma shall be entertained by this 
Lodge, if the petitioner is under charges for unmasonic con- 
duct of any sort. 

Sec. G,^- Petition for Chariti/, 

Applications for relief from persons in distress, whether 
Masons or otherwise, must be made through some member or 
members of the standing Committee of Charity, either ver- 
bally or in writing. 

Sec. 7. — Petition for Appeal, 

An application for an appeal to the Grand Lodge, by a 
member of this Lodge (or by a non -affiliated Mason under 
the jurisdiction of this Lodge) under sentence for unmaMonic 
conduct, must be in writing, directed to the " Worshipful Mas- 
ter, Wardens and Brethren," and deposited with the Secretary. 

Sec. 8. — Action on Petitions. 

All applications and petitions of every sort, except for 
charity, must bo presented at the stated meetings of the 
Lodge. 

Applications for initiation or for membership, must lie 
over at least one lunar month from the date of their recep- 
tion ; all others may be acted upon at the same meeting at 
which they were received. 

The vote upon applications for diplomas, charity or appeals 
to the Grand Lodge, may be taken either viva voce, or by a 
show of hands, or by secret ballot, and a majority of votes 
shall decide all such questions. 

The vote upon applications for initiation, advancement or 
membership, or demits, must be by secret ballot, and one neg- 
ative vote shall reject. 



206 MASONIC LAW AXD TTSAOE. 

Every member of the Lodge present when a motion is pnt 
or a question stated, shall be bound to vote, unless exeosed 
by action of the Lodge. 

In balloting, if more than one negative vote appear, the 
balloting shall cease, and the candidate be declared rejected; 
but if, on the first ballot, one negative only appear, a second 
ballot shall immediately take place ; and if, on the second bal- 
lot, a negative still appear, no further ballot shall he taken 
for one year thereafter, unless by the second regular meeting 
thereafter the member opposing shall voluntarily withdraw 
his objections in open Lodge. 

No one shall inspect the ballot save the Master and War- 
dens, and no Brother shall be permitted to make known to 
another, or to the Lodge, what manner of vote he cast. 

No restriction of any sort shall be placed upon a Brother 
in the matter of voting, nor shall he be questioned as to how 
he exercised that right. 

A rejected applicant for initiation, advancement, or mem- 
bership, can not again present his petition to the Lodge within 
the space of months from the date of his rejection. 



CHAPTER V. 

FINANCIALS. 

Fees, Charity, Wages, Management of the Funds, 

Sec. 1. — Fe£9, 

The fees are for degrees, membership, for quarterage, and 
for extraordinary contributions. 

Fee9 for Degrees. — The fee for the first degree (or that of 
E. A.) shall be — dollars, to accompany the petition. 

The fee for the second degree (or that of F. C.) shall be 

— dollars, to be paid before the degree is conferred. 

The fee for the third degree (or that of M. M.) shall be 

— dollars, to be paid before the degree is conferred. 

No candidate shall be initiated, passed and raised in this 
Lodge for a less sum, in the aggregate, than — dollars. 

When a degree is conferred upon a candidate at a meeting 
called for the purpose, by request of said candidate, he shall 
pay all the expenses of the meeting. 



MASONIC LAW AND USAQE. 297 

Fees for Mernbership. — The fee for membersliip shall be 
— dollars, to accompany the petition. 

Fees for Quarterage. — The fee for quarterage shall be one 
dollar and fifty cents, to be demanded of each member by the 
Secretary at the close of each quarter. The first quarter 
shall commence on the first Monday in November. 

Fee for Extraordinary Contributions. — A fee for extraor- 
dinary purposes may be levied by a majority at any stated 
meeting at the discretion of the Lodge. 

Sec. 2. — Charity. 

The virtue of practical charity or alms-giving is recognized 
by this Lodge as one of the primary principles of the Masonic 
institution. 

The Standing Committee of Charity shall have the power, 
at any time, to draw upon the Treasurer, through its Chair- 
man, the Worshipful Master, for any sum, not exceeding — 
dollars, in the discretion of the Committee, to bestow upon a 
distressed worthy Master Mason, his wife, widow or orphan 
child, or any other distressed worthy applicant for aid. 

Sec. 3. — Wages. 

Pecuniary wages shall be paid to the Treasurer, Secretary, 
Steward and Tyler. 

Wages of the Treasurer, — The Treasurer, for his services as 
heretofore specified, shall receive the amount of his quarter- 
age. 

Wages of the Secretary. — The Secretary for his services as 
heretofore specified, shall receive the amount of his quarter- 
age. 

Wages of the Steward. — The Steward, for his services as 

heretofore specified, shall receive the sum of 

for each meeting at which he performs the duties of his office. 

Wa>ges of the Tyler. — The Tyler, for his services as hereto- 
fore specified, shall receive for each meeting 

at which he performs the duties of his office ; or, if he per- 
forms the duties of Steward in addition to those of Tyler, he 
shall receive, in addition thereto, the amount of his quarter- 
age. 

The Lodge may make such further appropriations for spe- 
cial purposes, as Masonic law and usage justify. 
26 



298 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

Sbo. 4. — Management of Fundi. 

All moneys received by the Secretary on behalf of the 
Lodge, shall be handed over to the Treasurer, at or before the 
next meeting subsequent to its reception. 

All moneys received by the Treasurer, on behalf of the 
Lodge, shall be kept by him as a separate fund from his pri- 
vate-hoard, and be at the command of the Lodge at any mo- 
ment when drawn upon or called for. 

The Lodge, at its discretion, may loan out its funds at law- 
ful interest, under the supervision of the Treasurer, he taking 
good and sufficient security therefor. 



CHAPTER VI. 

Committees. — Standing^ Special, 

Sec. 1. — Standing Committees, 

There shall be two Standing Committees of the Lodge, viz. : 
A Committee of Charity and a Committee of Finance, 

Committee of Charity. — The Committee of Charity shall 
consist of the Worshipful Master and the Wardens. 

The duties of the Committee of Charity shall be, to dis- 
pense the benevolence of the Lodge so as to relieve human 
distress in the most speedy and practicable manner. 

The Committee of Charity shall have power at any time to 
draw upon the Treasurer, through its Chairman, the Worship- 
ful Master, for a sum not exceeding — dollars at a draft, to 
be bestowed upon a distressed worthy Master Mason, his wife, 
widow or orphan child, or upon any other distressed worthy 
applicant for aid. 

The Committee of Charity may take such measures in em- 
ploying . nurses to wait upon the sick, engaging the burial of 
the dead, etc., as any sudden contingency may demand, and 
present the bills through the Finance Committee for settle- 
ment. 

Committee of Finance, — The Committee of Finance shall 
consist of three members. Master Masons, to be appointed by 
the Worshipful Master on the day of his installation^ 

The duties of the Committee of Finance shall be to ex- 
amine the books, vouchers, etc., of the Treasurer and Secre- 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 299 

tary from time to time, and to make a detailed report, in 
writing, at the stated meeting preceding the next St. John's 
day subsequent to their appointment. Likewise, to examine 
and audit all bills, accounts and claims that may be presented 
to the Lodge for payment, and report upon the same in writing. 
Nor shall any account be allowed by the Lodge until it shall 
haVe been examined and reported upon by the Finance Com- 
mittee. 

Seo. 2. — Special Committees, 

Special Committees shall be appointed upon all applications 
for initiation or membership, and upon other items of busi- 
ness, at the discretion of the Lodge. 

Special Committees upon applications for initiation or mem- 
bership, shall consist of three members ; but upon other items 
of business of such number as the Lodge in its discretion 
may decide upon. 

Special Committees upon application for initiation or mem- 
bership shall report at the stated meeting one month subse- 
quent to their appointment; all other special committees 
shall report at the meeting at which they were appointed, or 
at the next stated meeting after their appointment, unless the 
Lodge shall otherwise order. 

All reports of Committees shall be in writing unless oth- 
erwise ordered by the Lodge.- 

All Committees, whether standing or special (except the 
Committees of Charity), shall be appointed by the Worshipful 
Master; and all Committees shall be composed of Master 
Masons. 

Members who are appointed to serve upon Committees shall 
feel bound in Masonic honor to give patient and diligent 
attention to the business of their appointment, and report 
their conclusions to the Lodge without fear or favor. 



CHAPTER VII. 

DISOIPLINE. 

Offenses^ TrialSy Penalties^ Appeals, 
Sec. 1. — OffenseB, 
An offense in Masonry is hereby defined to be an act which 
contravenes any clause of these By-Laws ; any constitutional 



300 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

rale or edict of the Grand Lodge ; any requisition of the un- 
written law of Masonry; any law of the land, or any law of 
God. The ten commandments (Exodus, Chapter 20) consti« 
tute the Divine law to which Freemasons are particularly sub* 
ject. The popular vices of intemperance, profanity, Sabbath- 
breaking, evil speaking, licentiousness and gambling, are, in 
a special manner, interdicted as unmasonic. 

Non-payment of dues; divulging the transactions of the 
Lodge to any but a member thereof; violating the secresy of 
the ballot-box or of the Lodge ; rude behavior within the 
Lodge; neglect of family and neighborhood duties; contu- 
macy in refusing obedience to a Lodge summons, etc., are 
specially declared unmasonic. 

Reporting Offenies.— The members of the Lodge while at 
labor (the space of time occupied by the meetings of the 
Lodge) are under charge of the Senior Warden, who will 
report to the Lodge all offenses that occur during his admin- 
istration. 

The members of the Lodge while si refreshment Ythe inter- 
val between one stated meeting: and another), are unaer charge 
of the Junior Warden, who will report to the Lodge all offen- 
ses that occur during his administration. 

But the Wardens, respectively, shall be allowed their dis- 
cretion whether to report trivial offenses to the Lodge or make 
them the subject of private counsel, caution and reprimand. 

The report shall be in writing, and in the form of charges 
and specifications, which the Warden who presents them shall 
personally prosecute before the Lodge. 

Non-affiliating (demitted) Masons living within thQ juris- 
diction of this Lodge are under its cognizance, and shall be 
reported for unmasonic behavior in the same manner as the 
members of the Lodge. 

Sec. 2,— Trials of Offenses. 

No penalty shall be inflicted by the Lodge until after a fair 
trial and examination of evidence or confession of the fact of 
guilt shall be manifest. The manner of trial shall be as fol- 
lows : The written charges and specifications shall be filed 
with the Secretary of the Lodge whose duty it shall be to 
have a copy thereof duly delivered to the accused, as also a 
notice which shall give a reasonable time for the taking of 



HA8ONI0 LAW AND USAGE. * 301 

proof to sustain the charges and specifications; also to inform 
the accused that he may at the same time and place offer proof 
to exculpate himself from such charges, and that the accused 
may also have leave to take proof at such other time and place 
as he may designate upon giving seasonable notice to the Mas- 
ter or presiding officer of said Lodge, for wl4ch purpose the 
Lodge shall allow a reasonable time if asked for. And in all 
cases the whole of the testimony shall be reduced to writing 
if not improper to be written, and shall be carefully preser- 
ved by the Secretary of the Lodge. 

Every member shall be duly tried in the Lodge opened in 
the highest degree which he has attained ; and he shall be 
allowed to remain in the Lodge during the trial and until the 
summing up of the evidence is completed. 

If the accused member has absconded, so that notice can not 
be served upon him, charges may be preferred against him 

which shall lie over months, and if the Secretary shall 

then report he can not serve notice upon him he shall enter a 
denial of the charges upon the record, and some Brother shall 
be appointed to defend him and proof may be taken and the 
case tried as if he were present. 

Sec. 3. — Penalties far Offenses. 

The object of all Masonic penalties is declared to be two- 
fold — to vindicate the honor of Masonry and to reform the 
erring Brother. 

The only penalties recognized by this Lodge or known to 
Freemasonry, are expulsions, suspensions and reprimands. 

Ihmulsions.'^The highest grade of Masonic punishment is 
expulsion. It is only to be inflicted for aggravated offenses, 
or for contumacy in refusing to acknowledge subjection to the 
Lodge, or for such offenses as are notoriously subversive of 
the fbundations of virtue and morality, and would therefore 
be calculated to render the Masonic institution contemptible 
in the eyes of the community. 

The Secretary shall immediately report to the Grand Secre- 
tary the names of all members expelled from this Lodge, and 
of all non -affiliated Masons expelled by this Lodge from the 
privileges of Masonry. v 

Suipensum. — Suspensions may be either definite, as for a 



302 MA80NI0 LAW AND T78AG& 

certain period ; or indefinite, as contingent upon some snbee- 
qnent act of the individual thus suspended. 

It shall require a unanimous vote to reinstate a suspended 
or expelled member. 

The Secretary shall note in the annual report to the Grand 
Lodge, the names of all persons suspended or expelled by this 
Lodge. 

Reprimands. — The lowest grade of Masonic puniebment is 
public reprimand, in open Lodge. This shall be done by the 
Worshipful Master, in a manner which, while it conveys a 
clear idea of the offense thus reprehended, holds out a full 
measure of love and pardon to the repentant Brother. 

Sec. 4. — Appeals. 

Any Brother who feels himself aggrieved by the action of 
this Lodge in the infliction of a Masonic penalty may take an 
appeal to the Grand Lodge. 

When an appeal has been granted by the Lodge the Secre- 
tary shall prepare exact copies of all the proceedings of the 
Lodge, the evidence taken on both sides, and all documents 
used on the trial, and send said copies to the Grand Secretary to 
be used before the Grand Lodge in the investigation'of the case. 

A Brother suspended or expelled by this Lodge, but re- 
stored by the Grand Lodge on appeal, is not thereby restored 
to membership in this Lodge, until after petition, reference 
and clear ballot, as is the case of a demitted Mason. 

CHAPTER EIGHTH. 

AMENDMENTS. 

^ Amendments to these By-Laws may be made either by ac- 
tion of the Grand Lodge or of this Lodge. 

Amendments by the Grand Lodge. — Any amendments that 

may be made by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of , 

in her own constitutional rules or in these By-Laws, and any 
edicts or resolutions of a general character, promulgated by 
the Grand Lodge, which affect any subject embraced in these 
By-Laws, shall be considered as so many amendments to these 
By-Laws, from the date thereof, without any formal action on 
the part of this Lodge. 

Amendments hy this Lodge.— Kn^ portion or the whole of 



MASONIC LAW AND ITSAGE. 308 

these By-LawB may be amended or others substituted in their 
stead, at the will of the Lodge, provided the general princi- 
ples of Freemasonry, and the constitutional rules and edicts 

of the Most Worshipful &rand Lodge of are carefully 

maintained. But all amendments, substitutions, etc., shall be 
proposed in writing, read before the Lodge, and laid over for 
one month before the vote of the Lodge shall be taken ; and 
a majority of two-thirds of the members present shall be 
essential to the adoption of said proposition. 

No By-Law, or any portion thereof, can be temporarily dis- 
pensed with except the clause relative to the order of business, 
and such others as are especially excepted in the body of these 
By-Laws. 

CERTIFICATE. 

( See Diploma.) 



CHAPLAIN. 

(See Religion; Scriptures.) 

The Master of the Lodge is its priest, and the director of its 
religious ceremonies. His duty is to select the scriptures, 
prayers, etc., and he should be present at tbe burial of the 
dead. A meeting of a Masonic Lodge is a religious ceremony. 
Those who take part in it have come ^' to learn to subdue 
their passions and improve themselves in Masonry;" and 
Masonry, in many features, is a religious as well as moral 
institution. But for convenience sake, the Master may depute 
the religious portion of his duties to one assistant, who is 
termed the Chaplain. 

The Chaplain has no privilege as an officer of the Lodge. 
He is not installed, but performs whatever duties are, from 
time to time, devolved upon him by the Master. (See Relu 
fftan.) He should, of course, be a pious man. A professional 
minister of religion is usually appointed to this office. 

CHARITY. 

(See also AlmsgiTing ; Assistance; Benevolence; Relief.) 

Charity or Benevolence is one of the leading purposes of 
the Masonic Institution. It is for this, in a large part, that 



304 MASOmO LAW AND USAQE. 

Lodges are built up and sustained. In foreign countries even 
more than this, charity is the chief purpose of Masonry. 

It is a covenanted duty of the members of a Lodge, both 
in their individual and associated capacity, to aid and assist 
distressed worthy Brothers (Master Masons) their widows and 
orphans. A Lodge neglecting this, incurs the censure of the 
Craft in general, and the discipline of the Grand Lodge in 
particular. A Brother (Master Mason) neglecting this, in* 
ours the discipline of his Lodge. The amount to be bestowed 
is left to the conscience of the giver ; the rule is, " as much 
as the necessity of the applicant demands and the means of 
the giver justify." 

An affiliated Master Mason traveling and falling into <&- 
tress, proving himself by indubitable tokens to be worthy, 
skillful in the Masonic Art, and in real need, may claim from 
any Lodge a measure of relief as above. This relief may be 
bestowed either in money, or by procuring employment for 
the Brother, whereby he may earn it ; at the option of the 
giver. If in money, it may be made either as a loan or 
gift. The amount to be advanced need not exceed a sum 
sufficient to carry the Brother as far as the next Lodge. 

It is not a judicious arrangement, in the dispensation of 
charity, to have a regular fund sot apart for that purpose ; the 
hearts and purses of worthy brethren form an inexhaustible 
fund for this purpose. 

The Master and Wardens form the usual and most appro- 
priate Committee on Charity of the Lodge. (See By-Latos!) 
To them the By-Laws should grant power to draw upon the 
Treasurer for a maximum sum at discretion ((3, $5, 910, or 
$20), for the relief of each applicant. The amount may be 
proportioned to the expensiveness of living. 

In the cities of New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, 
and St. Louis, there are Relief Lodges severally, to whom the 
whole subject of dispensing Masonic charities is referred. 
The plan has proved successful, and might, with propriety, 
be extended to embrace every large city in the* Union. 

Impostors and vile marauders upon the charitable senti- 
ments of the Masonic Fraternity abound. This is due to the 
ignorance of the officers of Lodges ; carelessness in examina- 
tions ; a reprehensible looseness in voting away the funds of 
the Lodge ; a want of proper Masonic documents, and other 



HAJSONIO LAW AND USAGX. S05 

equally disgraceful or unfortunate causes. Owing to these, the 
means which belong to the worthy distressed, and which 
should be sacred to honest grief, have been squandered upon 
the basest crime and the gratification of the most disgraceful 
lasts. The remedy is in the dissemination of knowledge^ 
knowledge, firmness and decision in examinations, and devo- 
tion to official and associated duty. 

Any system of benevolence by which the dispensation of 
charity shall be eqtial in amount among the applicants, is 
unmasonic. Human distress does not submit to arithmetic, 
nor should its relief be placed to such a standard. Whatever 
amount " the necessity demands and the giver can afford," 
must be given, or the Masonic covenant is violated. 

The funds of the Lodge should not, except in extraordinary 
cases, be bestowed upon applicants other than the classes men- 
tioned. 



CHARTER. 

(See Warrant) 

A traveling Brother being informed of the time and place 
of the meeting of a Lodge, applies for admission as a visitor. 
His request being favorably listened to, he asks for the peru- 
sal of the By-Laws and to examine the Charter or Warrant 
of the Lodge, knowing that without a document of this kind 
the Lodge is but bogus or clandestine. The Charter being 
exhibited to him, he estimates its authenticity by the manner of 
its getting up, its form and style, the signatures and the seal. 
(See Warrant.) All these appearing regular and authentic, 
he cheerfully submits to the rigid questioning and examina- 
tion proper to him as a visitor. He has proposed to endure 
every means of trial on his part, and he claims the right to 
examine those things which will assure him of the legitimacy 
of the Lodge on their part, 

Tbe loss of the Charter, or its being even temporarily mis- 
laid and not in the Lodge, is an insuperable obstacle to fur- 
ther meetings. Any ict of the Lodge under such circum- 
stances would be clandestine or unlawful. 

A Lodge refusing to exhibit its Charter, when properly 
asked for by a visiting Brother, subjects itself to discipline 
firom the Grand Lodge. 
27 



306 MASONIC LAW AND U8AOX. 

The Charter (or Dispensation) of the Lodge mast be open 
and Tisible to every member during the sessions thereof. It 
is best kept in a tin case, from which at such times it may be 
unrolled ; to frame and suspend it from the walls is particu- 
larly improper. 

The Charter (or Dispensation) is in the keeping of the 
Master, who may, at discretion, intrust it to the custody of the 
Wardens or the Secretary. 

Upon the forfeiture of a Charter, it is returned to the Grand 
Lodge and filed among the archives. At a future period it 
may be restored by the will of the Grand Lodge, upon appli- 
cation of a due portion of the original members. 



CLANDESTINE. 

(See Charter; Discipline; Materials.) 

A Lodge working without possessing a regular Charter (or 
Dispensation) is styled a Clandestine Lodge. This document 
issued by the Grand Lodge, having jurisdiction, and unfor- 
feited, must be visible to each member present, or the Master 
can claim no obedience or- respect from the Craft 

A Lodge made up of persons of African descent, according 
to American usage, is Clandestine, as regular Charters are not 
granted to such. 

A Mason made in a Clandestine Lodge, or living in affilia- 
tion with one, is Clandestine. 

A Lodge working after the loss or forfeiture of its Charter, 
is a Clandestine Lodge. 

A Grand Lodge formed within the jurisdiction of another 
Grand Lodge, is Clandestine, with all its Subordinates and 
their members, individually and collectively. 

To communicate Masonically with a Clandestine Lodge or 
Mason, is a positive violation of the Masonic covenant, and 
becomes, therefore, an extraordinary case of discipline. 



COLLEGIATE. 

Two or more Lodges at work in the same town or city, con- 
stitute for some highly important purposes a ColUgiate Lodge, 
possessing Charters, etc., as independent bodies (so far as 



MASONIC LAW AKD USAGE. 307 

Masonic Lodges can be termed independent), but sharing the 
local privileges and burdens of the Fraternity in an amicable 
co-partnership with each other. This theory requires that 
there should be a distinct understanding among Lodges so 
situated, both as to duty and to privilege. 

The materials of Masonry in a Collegiate Lodge, should be 
shared strictly in common. An applicant may prefix his 
petition to either Lodge in the Collegiate body without con- 
straint from the others. Visitors from either Lodge should 
be admitted into the others with a peculiar fervency of wel- 
come ; and officers so visiting, be received with the honors 
due their station. The Masters and officers of the various 
Lodges should confer frequently together upon the details of 
their respective offices, rendered more complex by being shared 
among so many. Violation of Masonic law, on the part of 
son -affiliating Masons, should be dealt with by some one of 
the Lodges designated for that purpose by joint agreement 
and consent. A general Board of Relief (or Relief Lodge) 
should have in charge all cases demanding charity; thus 
avoiding imposition and dispensing prompt assistance where 
needed. 



COMMANDMENTS. 

(See also Discipline; Blasphemy; etc.) 

The Ten Commandments enunciated by Moses, and record- 
ed in the Pentateuch, constitute the chief basis of Masonic 
Piscipline. They are considered as the essence of its code 
of morality, and being accounted of divine origin, bear a 
relation to the Masonic covenant, which no other system of 
morality can do. 

They forbid: 1. Paganism. 

" " 2, Image Worship. 

" " 3. Blasphemy. 

" " 6. Murder. 

" « 7. Adultery. 

" " 8. Theft. 

" " 9. Perjury — False Witness. 

" " 10. Covetousness. 
They enjoin : 4. Respect to Parents. 

" " 5. Sabbath Keeping. 



308 HA80NI0 LAW AND XTSAQS. 

COMMITTEES. 

(See also By>Laws; Charity; Library.) 

The Stated Committees of a Lodge are nsually those upon 
Charity, Finance, and the Library. That upon Charity is 
best formed of the Master and Wardens. That upon 
Finance is elected at the time of the annual election of 
officers. That upon the Library is made up of the three 
higher officers, together with the Treasurer and Secretary. 

Special Committees are appointed by the Master, at the 
instance of the Lodge, in all the workings and details of its 
business. The ordinary rules that govern deliberate bodies 
in relation to this subject, equally prevail in Masonry. Com- 
mittees usually consist of three, all Master Masons, but may 
be made up of a larger number. 

A Special Committee is bound to report at every stated 
meeting of the Lodge. They may, if necessary, ask further 
time for the preparation of a final report. This, when received, 
discharges the committee. 

The first person named in the appointment of a committee, 
is the Chairman, un)pss otherwise designated. As such he 
sets the time of the committee's meeting, and gives order to 
the business. If a clerk is needed, he appoints one, and sees 
to it that due reports are made to the Lodge. 

The trial of an Entered Apprentice or Fellow-craft, for 
breach of discipline, is best performed before a committee. 
(See those captions.) 

CONSTITUTIONS. 

(See By-Laws; Edicts; Rales.) 

The Ancient Constitutions and Charges, compiled by 
Payne, Anderson, and Desagulers, and first published in 
1723, in conjunction with those fragments of Masonic law 
still older, form the basis of the universal jurisprudence of 
Masonry. They are acknowledged as such in the legislation 
of all Grand Lodges, and usually in so many words in their 
own Constitutions. The Ancient Charges are inserted in 
preceding pages of this volume. 

The Constitution of a Grand Lodge, however, is the work- 
ing model upon whieh every design upon the trestle-board pf 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. S09 

its Subordinates must be drawn. It is supposed to embrace 
many details of a local character, as well as the general land- 
marks of the institution. The Constitution of a Grand 
Lodge bears the same relationship to that body which the 
By-LawB of a Subordinate Lodge do to that. 



CONTUMACY. 

(See also Discipline; Disobedience; Penalties; Sammonses.) 

The offense of Contumacy or disobedience to the due sum- 
mons of a Lodge, is one of the highest misdemeanors in 
Masonry. It is a direct violation of its covenant, and a fatal 
blow at its Discipline. There is therefore, no recourse but 
the peremptory infliction of our highest penalty upon a 
Brother who is contumacious. 

A Brother refusing or neglecting to obey a due summons, 
must be cited again, and a third time. The summons in the 
last two citations, requiring him to f^how cause why he should 
Dot be summarily dealt with for disobedience. Upon his 
failure to come forward, the Lodge may proceed without 
delay, and by the proper majority, ezpef him without further 
trial. 



CONVOCATIONS. 

(See Assemblages.) 



COKRESPONDENCE. 

(See also Secretary ; Archiyes, etc.) 

The regular correi^ondence of the Lodge is with the Grand 
Lodge, represented by the Grand Secretary. It demands an 
annual report, according to forms prescribed by the Ghrand 
Lodge, of all work performed, discipline executed, the roll of 
officers, and other details. In this the Lodge is represented 
by its Secretary. 

A correspondence by circulars and special letters with other 
Lodges, at home or abroad, in which the progress of the Lodge 
is announced, and its good will toward the Craft in general 
declared, will conduce immensely to the general good of Ma* 
8onry. Such a practice prevails in many jurisdictions. 



310 MASONIO LAW AND USAQE. 

A stated correspondence between the honorary members of 
the Lodge and the Lodgo, in which the former recite from 
time to time their fraternal sentiments, and bid the latter Grod 
speed, forms one of the most delightful features in the Masonic 
system. 

A correspondence between the Lodge and some Masonic 
periodical, in which the world of readers is informed of the 
general progress of the former, and of any important epi- 
sodes in its history, is greatly to be commended. 

All this and other correspondence is performed by the Sec- 
retary, under the diiection of the Lodge, and return comma- 
nications must be carefully preserved by him in its archives. 

The Secretary must be a man of intelligence, and of good 
attainments, to give tone to the correspondence of his Lodge. 
The symbol of the Lodge is its Secretary. 



CEAFTS. 

(See also, Apprentices; Fellow-crafts; Materials; Religion.) 

A Brother having been initiated regularly into the first de- 
gree of Masonry, and as regularly passed to the second degree, 
is styled a Graft or Fellow-craft, By the philosophy of the 
Institution he is covenanted to preserve its secrets, to be hon- 
est, obedient and charitable. He is charged to be a lover of 
the liberal arts and sciences (Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, Arith- 
metic, Geometry, Music and Astronomy), and in a peculiar- 
ly impressive manner is taught to respect the name of Deity. 

A Fellow-craft is encouraged to attend his Lodge at every 
meeting, it being understood that it shall be opened on the 
second degree for his accommodation. He can not travel as 
such, nor visit other Lodges than his own, except by special 
courtesy, and then avouched by some one who has sat with 
him in his own. 

A Fellow-craft is not allowed the benefits of the Masonio 
treasury ; nor to be interred with the honors of the Order. 
Neither can he take any part in the ceremonials of Masonic 
interment, the Funeral Lodge and procession being opened in 
the third degree. The female relatives of a Fellow- craft 
have no claim as such to the protection and aid of the frater- 
nity. He has no vote in the proceedings of the Lodge, but 
may take a part in debate, if conducted in his degree. An 



MASONIC LAW AND UBAQK. 311 

exception to this rule of ezolnsion, however, as also to his 
exemption from dues, is found in yarious Lodges in Canada 
and Kentucky. 

No dues are charged to Fellow-crafts, nor are the dues, 
ordinary or extraordinary, of the Lodge, exacted firom them. 
See the exception cited above. 

A Fellow-crafb may be tried^upon regular charges for any 
offense against law, morals, or good behavior, and punished 
accordingly. The trial in such a case will be had before a 
committee of the Lodge, the evidence, etc., being taken in the 
presence of the accused, or it may be conducted in a Lodge 
of Fellow-crafts, if preferred, but the final decision had in 
the Master's Lodge, wheie he can not enter. 3*he offenses of 
divulging Masonic secrets, dishonesty, disobedience, and the 
want of benevolence, are peculiarly heinous in a Fellow- 
craft. 

A Fellow-craft changing his residence, and desiring to at- 
tach himself to a Lodge contiguous, may, by order of his for- 
mer Lodge, have a certificate of his standing and good con- 
duct, with a recommendation. 

^See Nan-affiliaHon for form of certificate.) 

A Fellow-craft can not hold office in the Lodge, nor serve 
upon a committee, nor even fill an official station temporarily. 

No person can lawfully receive the degree of Fellow-craft 
save an Entered Apprentice who has become suitably profi- 
cient in, and exemplified the virtues and merits of that de- 
gree. (See Materiah,) That proficiency, riehtly understood, 
embraces the three sections of the " Webo " lectures of 
the first degree corresponding with the monitorial portions of 
this book. At least one month is requisite before the initiate 
can be passed to this degree. 

The theory of the second degree is Science. 



CROTONA, SCHOOL OF. 

( See Knowledge ; Libraries ; Statistics.) 

This is a society organized in 1856, for the purpose of dis- 
seminating Masonic literature by exchanges among its mem- 
bers. Prior to that period it was known that vast amounts of 
Masonic matter, much of it antique and of a highly important 
character, were lying in disuse and neglect anong the Lodges, 



1 



812 HABOHIO LAW AKTD USAOB* 

and on ihe shelves of in dividual Masons. By the operations 
of this system, mnch of these accumulations has heen distri- 
buted from hand to hand, and now properly separated and 
made up into volumes, forms material for the HiUory of Amer- 
ican Moionry yet to be written. 

The plan of The School of Crotona is perfectly simple. 
The presentation of a Masonic work of any kind, a book, 
pamphlet, etc., is the fee for membership. A full equivalent 
is gi?en in exchange for all Masonic objects furnished the 
school. Thus, a Lodge sending a number of its By-laws, re* 
ceives an equal number of the By-laws of other Lodges (but 
no two of the same Lodge) in exchange. A Brother for- 
warding a number of addrssses, receives an equal number of 
addresses (but no two of the same sort) in exchange. The 
plan extends to all objects of Masonic interest : medals, im- 
pressions of seals, engravings, etc., etc. Many of the most 
zealous and intelligent Masons of the day are among its mem- 
bers and officers. 



COVENANTS. 

(See also, DiBcipline, Obligation.) 

The Covenants of Masonry are those pledges or engage- 
ments which being voluntarily taken, agreeable to the Holy 
Scriptures, equitable, ancient and irrevocable, are well stj-Ied 
the cement of its toalls. It is the covenant which makes the 
Mason. It is the line between his darkness and his light. 
Previous to its reception, he may refuse to proceed, or be re- 
jected by any member of the Lodge, without reason asked or 
given ; after its reception^ he is entitled at once to all the light 
of the degree to which the covenant appertains. 

The covenant is irrevocable. Even though a Mason may 
be suspended or expelled, though he may withdraw from the 
Lodge, journey into countries where Masons can not be found, 
or become a subject of despotic governments that persecute, 
or a communicant of bigoted churches that denounce Ma- 
sonry, he can not cast off or nullify his Masonic covenant. 
No law of the land can affect it — no anathema of the church 
weaken it. It is irrevocable. 



MA80NI0 LAW AND T78AGS. 313 

DEACONS. 

(See Officers. ) 

The Beacons of a Lodge are two in number, styled respec- 
tivelj the Senior and Junior Deacons. The former is ap- 
pointed bj the Master, the latter by the Senior Warden. They 
are considered as the proxies of those officers respectively in 
the active duties of the Lodge. They may be dismissed at 
pleasure by the officers who appoint them. 

The duties of Senior Deacon are of very great consequence 
to the dignified and successful workings of the Lodge. This 
will plainly appear under other captions. 



DEGREES. 

(See also, Honorary.) 

There are two general classes of degrees in Masonry — reg^ 
nlar and honorary. So far as the first nine extend (the E A. 
P., F. C, M. M., Mrk. M., P. M., M. E. M., R. A. M., R. M., and 
S. M.), only the first three are regular. The orders of Chiv- 
alry form a third branch, being mixed degrees, or those which 
add the element of Christianity to Freemasonry. 

All the degrees cited above in the parenthesis, are con- 
tained in spirit and purpose in the first three. It is by those 
of the E. A. P., F. C. and M. M., that a traveling Mason is 
avouched for and welcomed. He is aided in hi<3 distress, dis- 
ciplined for malconduct, and Mason ically interred, as an M. 
M. The Grand Lodges are composed of Master Masons. It 
is, in brief, to the regular degrees that the Masonic philosophy, 
history and jurisprudence are to be referred. 



DEMITTING. 

(See Withdrawing.) 



DIPLOMA. 

( See also Certificate, Travel, etc.) 
The certificate which a Brother receives from his Lodge, 
attesting the fact that he has received the several degrees of 
Masonry, and of his good Masonic standing at a certain date, 
is called a Diploma or Certificate. Any member of the Lodge, 
being a Master Mason in good standing, may petition his 



314 MASONIO LAW AND USAQB. 

Lodge for a Diploma. If granted, lie receives one of the Sec- 
retary by paying the usual fee. Brethren preparing to travel 
abroad will find it to their interest to eecure Diplomas, and 
these, if possible, on parchment. 

A Diploma, to be valid outside of the Orand Lodge juris- 
diction where issued, must have the certificate of the Grand 
Secretary, authenticated by the seal of the Grand Lodge, that 
the Lodge which issued it is itself in good standing upon 
the roll of the Grand Lodge, and consequently all its Masonic 
acts entitled to faith and respect. 

The best forms of Masonic Diplomas are here given. 

To all Free and Aceepted Anelemi Masoiu on tlie Faee of tbe 
Globe I 

We, the Worshipful Master, Senior and Junior Wardens of 

Lodge No. of the Most Ancient 

and Honorable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, held 
in and working under the authority 

of a Charter from the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of 

do hereby certify that our worthy Brother 
who has signed his name on the margin 
hereof, has been regularly Entered, Passed and Eaised to the 
Sublime Degree of Master Mason, and during his continuance 
with us, has behaved himself as an honest, faithful Brother, 
and, as such, we recommend him to the fraternity around the 
Globe. 

In Testimony Whereof We have subscribed our names, and 
caused the Seal of our said Lodge to be hereunto affixed, this 
day of A. D. 18 A. L. 58 

W. M. 

S. W. 

J. w. 

Secretary. 

To all Royal Areb Masoms under tbe Canopy of HeaTen^ 
Qreeting i 

We, the Officers of Royal Arch Chapter ^ 

No, working under the authority of the Grand Chapter 

of the State of and within the jurisdiction 

of the General Grand ChajHer of the United States of Amer- 
ica, Do certify that our Worthy Companion, 

has been duly advanced to the honorable 
degree of Mark Master, seated in the Oriental Chair, received 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 315 

and acknowledged as a Most Excellent Master and exalted to 
the Most Sublime degree of Royal Arch Mason, 

We, therefore, recommend him as a true and faithful com- 
panion to all Royal Arch Masons on the Globe. 

In Testimony Whereof the Seal of our Chapter is affixed. 

A. D., 18— A. L., 58— H. P. 

K. 

S. 

To all Sir Knlgbts of the lUastrloua Order of tbe Red CroM^ 
and of the Valiant and Maifnanlnkons Orders of Knights Tem« 
plar and Knights of Malta around the Globe, to "vrhom these 
presents majr eomey Greeting i 

We, the presiding Officers of Encampment 

of Knights Templar, No. held at in the 

State of Do hereby certify and make known 

that our Illustrious Sir Knight, having 

previously received the necessary degrees, has been regularly 
dubbed and created in this Encampment, a Knight of the Il- 
lustrious order of the Bed Cross, and of the Valiant and 
Magnanimous order of Knight Templar, and Knight of 
Malta, or order of St. John, of Jerusalem. 

We do therefore cordially recommend him to the Friend- 
ship, Assistance and protection of all Valiant and Magnani- 
mous Sir Knights, in all parts of the Globe, wherever he may 

go. 

In Testimony whereof, having previously caused our Illus- 
trious Sir Knight to sign his name on the margin. We have 
hereunto set our hands and caused the seal of our Encamp- 
ment to be affixed, the day of A. D. 18 and 
of the order of Knights Templar. 

M. E. G. C. 

E. G. 

E. C. G. 

E. P. 

Recorder, 

The difference between a Demit and a Diplomu is that the 
former shows the Brother Hot a member of the Lodge, the 
latter that he is one. Neither document proves its posses- 
sor a worthy Mason at any period subsequent to that of its 
issuance. 

In some jurisdictions the Grand Lodge provides, for a small 



316 MASONIO LAW AND USAQS. 

lee, a Diploma for every Master Mason upon his being regis* 
tered in the Grand Lodge Kegistry. 

Many Brethren apply for Diplomas for the purpose of hay- 
ing them framed as parlor or office ornaments. For this pur- 
pose beautiful and costly Diplomas have been prepared on 
copper, wood and stone. 

The possessor of a Diploma being convicted of an unmasonio 
act, and suspended or expelled for the same, the Lodge has the 
right to demand the Diploma from him, and upon his refusal 
to give it up, to warn the surrounding Lodges (through the 
Grand Secretary) of their liability to imposition through the 
forfeited but unreclaimed certificate. 



DISCIPLINE. 

(See also Appeal; Discipline; Commandments; Trial, etc.) 

No Brother can lawfully take the punishment for offenses 
into his own hands, no matter what may be the provocation. 
He may defend himself, his family and his property against all 
attacks ; the law of nature, as well as the usages of society, 
justify and require this. But all the the machinery of pun- 
ishment, whether considered as a means of restraining evil, or 
as a return for the act committed^ is in the command of the 
Lodge; no amount of harsh and abusive epithets from a 
Brother will justify a blow. 

The exercise of discipline is the highest duty of a Lodge. 
To build up the mystic Temple by the addition of new mem- 
bers may appear more pleasing and profitable to the Craft, but 
to bind the brotherh' od together, secure peace and harmony, 
and present the institution in a dignified attitude before the 
world, is a more sacred duty, and this requires the exercise of 
Masonic discipline, according to ancient rules. 

The offenses which demand Masonic notice are any acts that 
contravene the By-laws of the Lodge; the constitutional 
requisitions of the Grand Lodge ; the unwritten laws of Ma- 
sonry ; the laws of the land, or the laws of God. The latter 
are referred by Masons chiefly to the Ten Commandments. 
The popular vices of profanity, intemperance, evil-speaking, 
Sabbath -breaking, gambling and licentiousness, are marked as 
specially contravening the principles of Masonry. Contum- 
acy in refusing to obey a summons is one of the most serious 
offenses in Masonry. 



MASONIC LAW AND XTSAOS. 317 

The junior Warden is by office the proper officer to observe 
unmasonic acts committed during the intervals between the 
Lodge meetings, and, if in his opinion, the cause of justice 
demands it, to present charges before the Lodge. But it is a 
part of the covenant of every member to observe and rebuke 
unmasonic conduct, and give wholesome and affectionate coun- 
sel to the erring. A Lodge can not with propriety inflict 
severe punishment upon a Brother, unless its members have 
urgently and frequently warned him of his errors, and coun- 
seled amendment. It is also the privilege of any Brother to 
bring charges against another at his discretion. 

The charges must be in writing and prepared with specifi- 
cations. These must extend no further than the accuser, whose 
name is appended to them, is confident he can substantiate 
them. Vague and undefined accusation should be ruled out 
by the Master as unfraternal and unmasonic. 

The charges being presented, the question is taken by the 
Lodge, at a stated meeting, " Will the Lodge proceed to trial?'* 
A majority voting in the affirmative, the Master appoints a 
committee of three or more to represent the Lodge in taking 
evidence, etc. If a prosecutor is needed, the Junior Warden 
or the accuser may act, or still better, some member of the 
committee. The accused is to be notified of the time and 
place of taking evidence, and ample opportunities given him 
to hear and cross-examine witnesses. He -may also specify a 
time and place to secure rebutting testimony, at which the 
committee may attend to cross-examine, etc. AH the testi- 
mony proper to be written must be reduced to writing, for 
which purpose the Secretary of the Lodge must attend the 
various meetings of the committee. All testimony, so far as 

Eracticable, should be given under oath and preserved in the 
ands of the Secretary. 

At each stated meeting of the Lodge subsequent to the ap- 
pointment of the committee, a report of progress must be 
made to the Lodge, and further time asked until the com- 
mittee deem the testimony complete. Then it is read to the 
Lodge, and the question put, ** Shall the Report be received 
and the committee discharged ? " A majority voting in the 
negative, the committee is placed under instructions and re- 
quired to amend or enlarge their report. A majority voting 



318 MA80MI0 LAW AND USAGB. 

in the affirmative, the committee is discharged and the report 
is considered to he fairly in possession of the Lodge. 

Arguments may now be heard, objections made by the ac- 
cused, protests entered, etc., but all in the most respectful and 
fraternal spirit. It must be held for granted that the defend- 
ant is innocent until proved guilty. It must equally be taken 
for granted that the prosecution was made from the purest 
motives, and that the brethren concerned in it, or who have 
given testimony as witnesses in the course of the trial, have 
acted conscientiously throughout. The accused may be repre- 
sented, if he prefer it, by a Mason. The trial takes place in 
the Lodge opened in the highest degree the accusedj has re- 
ceived ; but when the final vote is taken it must be done in 
the Master's Lodge. 

The discussion being ended, the accused must retire. Then 
the question is taken : ^* Are the charges, as detailed in the 
fint specification, sustained?" The vote is by secret ballot. 
A majority vote condemns. The same vote is taken upon 
each specification. 

If the decision is in the affirmative, the question is taken : 
<' Shall the accused be expelled?" The vote is taken by 
secret ballot. A majority specified in the By-Laws (usually 
two-thirds) expels. If the Lodge refuses to expel^ the ques- 
tion is taken, as before : ^' Shall the accused be suspended f** 
If the decision is in the affirmative, the question is then taken 
for a suspension for twelve months. The Lodge refusing, the 
question is taken for eleven months ; and so successively down 
to one, which is the shortest possible period. 

Should the Lodge refuse to svspendy the next and lowest 
penalty is reprimand, administered by the Master in open 
Lodge. The sentence, of whatever nature it is, must be com- 
mitted to record, and the papers collected in the course of the 
trial preserved in the archives. A sentence of expulsion or 
suspension must be promptly certified to the Grand Secretary, 
to be by him communicated to the Grand Lodge. Publica- 
tions of Masonic punishments in newspapers is improper, save 
by dispensation of the Grand Master. 

Upon the question of restoring a suspended or expelled 
Brother to Masonry, usage is divided. In a few jurisdictions 
none can restore but the Grand Lodge ; in the most the Sub- 



MASONIC LAW AND UBAOB. 319 

ordinate Lodges exercise the power. In the latter the ques- 
tion must be laid before the Lodge at least one month before 
final action ; a unanimous vote is essential to restoration. 
The Orand Lodge in no case can restore to membership. 

The accused is entitled upon any contingency to appeal to 
the Grand Lodge, and so is any Brother ^rho may deem the 
punishment or acquittal of the accused to contrayene the 
requirements of Masonry. In case an appeal is taken, a 
certified copy of all the papers used in the course of [the trial 
must be forwarded to the Grand Lodge. The taking an appeal 
does not give the accused any standing as a Mason. 

But three grades of punishment are known to Masonry : — 
1, Expulsion ; 2, Suspension for a definite period ; 3, Repri- 
mand. Fines are particularly unmasonic. 

No officer but the Master of the Lodge is exempt from the 
penalties alluded to ; nor is he only during his official term. 
The Tj/ler is subject to discipline, if he performs his duties as 
sentinel unskillfully ; the Junior Deacon, should he suffer the 
dignity of the Lodge to be infringed by neglect of his duty ; 
the Senior Deacon, should visitors be neglected or insulted, 
candidates wrongly prepared, received, etc.; the Secretary, 
should he neglect to collect dues or pay them promptly over 
to the Treasurer, allow the records to be lost or defaced, or 
fail to keep the minutes accurately ; the Treamrer. should he 
employ the funds of the Lodge in any manner save that 
ordered by the Lodge through the Master; the Wardens, 
should they neglect any part of their covenanted duties; 
while for a breach of the moral law either of these officers, 
except the Master, is directly responsible to [the Lodge as 
private members. 

DISHONESTY. 

(See Discipline.) 

Dishonesty to the brethren individually and to the Lodge is 
solemnly prohibited in the covenants of the institution. The 
smallest amount of dishonesty constitutes wrong and fraud 
among Masons, and is equally forbidden with the largest. 

It is a fraud upon the Masonic relation to suffer a wrong of 
any kind done a Brother or a Lodge without warning him 
of the impending danger. 



320 HASONIO LAW AND USAQE. 

One frequent cause of dishoneatj) disastrous to the suo- 
cessful workings of the institution, is non-payment of dues. 



DISOBEDIENCE. 

(See Contamacy; Discipline.) 



DISPENSATION. 

(See Charter; Warrant; Travel.) 

The written authorization from the Grand Master to a 
certain number (usually seven or more) of Master Masons to 
form and open a Lodge, and make Masons therein, for a period 
to terminate on the first day of the ensuing Grand Annual 
Communication of the Grand Lodge, is styled a Dispensation. 
In some Grand Lodge jurisdictions the Deputy Grand Master 
is allowed the prerogative of issuing Dispensations to open 
Lodges, and, in one or two instances, it is even allowed to 
District Deputy Grand Masters and Grand Lecturers. 

This document is commonly drafted on paper, as being of a 
temporary character, and must be countersigned by the Grand 
Secretary and attested by the seal of the Grand Lodge. It is 
a document of such vital importance to the Lodge, that its 
loss is an instantaneous forfeiture of all the privileges that 
have accrued under it. 

At the termination of the Dispensation as above, all the 
books, papers and property of every sort which have accumu- 
lated through the workings of the Lodge U, />., become the 
property of the Grand Lodge. Should a Charter be granted, 
they are returned to the Lodge for its use so long as it main- 
tains a constitutional existence. 

^ The following is the usual form of a petition for a Dis- 
pensation : 

FORMS. 

A Petition to the Grand Master (or Grand Lodge) for 
authority to open a Lodge^ U, D. 

To the Grand Master of Masons in the State of . 

The undersigned respectfully represent, that we are Free 
ftud Accepted Master Masons ; that we are at present or have 



MASONIC LAW AND USAQB. 321 

been, members of regular Lodges ; that baying the prosperity of 
the fraternity at heart, we are willing to exert our best endeav- 
ors to promote and diffuse the genuine principles of Masonry ; 
that for the convenience of our respective dwellings, and for 
other good reasons, we are desirous of forming a new Lodge in 
the town of , to be named ; that, in conse- 
quence of this desire, we pray for Letters of Dispensation, or 
Warrant of Constitution, to empower us to assemble as a 
legal Lodge, to discharge the duties of Masonry, in a regular 
and constitutional manner, according to the original forms of 
the Order and the Regulations of the Grand Lodge. . That 

we have nominated and do recommend to be 

the first Master ; to be the first Senior War- 
den; and to be the first Junior Warden, of 

the said Lodge ; and that, if the prayer of the petition should 
be granted, we promise a strict conformity to all the Constitu- 
tional Laws and Regulations of the Grand Lodge. * 

(Signed by at least Seven Master Masons, each giving the 
name and locality of the Lodge of which he is or was last a 
member.) 

The following is the usual form of a Dispensation to open 
and work a Lodge, U. D. 

The Grand Lodge of , By Grand 

Master. To all to whom these presents may come. Greeting : 
Whereas, it has been duly represented to me, that in the 

Town of , County of , and State of , 

there reside a number of Worthy Brethren of the Most 
Ancient and Honorable Fraternity of Free and Accepted 
Masons, who are desirous of being authorized to proceed 
forthwith to work as a Regular Lodge ; and it appearing to be 
for the benefit of the Craft in general, as well as the aforesaid 
brethren in particular, that they should be encouraged in 
their laudable endeavors and design ; and it further appearing 
to my satisfaction, that the petitioners have complied with the 
Laws and Regulations on this subject, enacted by the Grand 

Lodge: Therefore, .be it known, that I, , 

Grand Master of Masons, in and for the State of , by 

^__^_^ • _ 

(*) This form, with a few modifications, will equally serye for the 
other Masonic bodies as the Chapter, Council and Commandery. 
28 



322 MASONIO LAW AND USAGE. 

y 

virtue of the power and aathority in me vested, daring the 
recess of the Grand Lodge, do hereby appoint our trunty and 

well beloved Brother, , as Master; Brother 

as Senior Warden ; and Brother 



, Junior Warden, together with their associates, 

Brothers , to assemble and work 

as a regular Lodge in the Town and County aforesaid, in our 

jurisdiction, by the designation of Lodge, U. D., and 

there to Enter Apprentices, pass Fellow-cratls, and raise 
Master Masons, agreeably to the usages and customs of 
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and the Laws and Reg- 
ulations of the Grand Lodge of , but not otherwise. 

And I do hereby require and enjoin the said Mas- 
ter and his Wardens, aforesaid, to make due return of this 
Dispensation, and returns and transcript of the work at the 

next Grand Annual Communication of , to be holden 

in the Town of , on the next, until wbich time, 

unless sooner revoked, this Dispensation shall continue in full 
force and effect. 

Given under the hand of the Grand Master and Grand 
Secretary, with the Seal of the Grand Lodge affixed, this 

■ 

Grand Secretary. Grand Master. 



DISPENSATIONS. 

(See Grand Master.) 

The Grand Master as the executive of the Grand Lodge, 
may, during the intermission between its Communications, 
grant Dispensations for various purposes. Among the more 
common and important of them, are the following : 

1. To a Past Master to install the officers of a new Lodge. 

2. To the members of a Lodge to hold a public festival, 
lay corner-stones, dedicate Masonic Halls, perform funeral 
obsequies of Masons, etc., etc. These privileges, however, are 
granted by most Grand Lodges to their Subordinates as a 
general favor, without Dispensations. 

3. To the members of a Lodge to hold their annual elec- 
tions, at other than the constitutional period. 

4. To the same, permitting them to act upon the petition 
of a rejected applicant, waiving the constitutional period. 



MASONIC LAW AND VSAQB. 323 

5. Letters deposinfi^ the Master or other officers of a 
Lodge for malfeasance in office. 

6. Authority to Lodges for constitutional reasons stated, 
to remove their places of meeting respectively. 

7. Authority to a Lodge to waive the constitutional period 
of delay between the several degrees in particular cases cited, 
and for special reasons advanced. 

8. Summoning the Grand Lodge to assemble in emergent 
communication. 

9. Summoning a Subordinate Lodge to assemble in special 
session. 

Tlie following is the form of a Dispensatory Letter to a 
Past Master to constitute a new Lodge and instaU its officers. * 

Office op the Grand Master of) 
Masons in the State of f 

Whereas a Charter has been issued by our Most Worsnip- 

ful Grand Lodge, dated the day of , A. H. 

' A. D. , for the permanent establishment of a 

Lodge at , in the County of , and State of 

, by the name title and designation of Lodge 

No. ; These are, therefore, to all Worthy Brothers, 

Greeting : 

Know ye that reposing special confidence in the integrity 

and Masonic ability of our Worthy Brother , I 

do by these presents constitute and appoint him my Proxy for 
me and in my name, as Grand Master of Masons in the 

State of , to summons or otherwise meet the present 

officers and members of Lodge No. , aforesaid, 

at their hall in the Town aforesaid, at such time as may be 
convenient, and then and there to organize the said Lodge, 
preside at the election of and install the officers thereof, 
according to the ancient usages and ritual of the Order, 
making due return to me of this proxy and his proceedings 
in the premises indorsed thereon. 

Given under my hand and private seal at , 

this day of , A. D., A. L., . 

Seal. Grand Master. 

It is usual to insert two or more names in the body of a 

(*) This form, slightly modified, will serre equally well for other 
Masonic bodies. 



324 MASONIC LAW AND USAOB. 

DLspensatory Letter, so that the assembled Craft may not bo 
disappointed by a failure in attendance. In this case, read 

"or his alternate," etc. 

It is in the power of any Subordinate Lodge to grant a 
Dispensation to a neighboring Lodge by its request regularly 
preferred, to act upon a petition for initiation or member^ 
ship, even though the applicant lives nearest the former 
Lodge. Also to allow a trial for breach of Masonic Discipline 
to be conducted in another Lodge, even though the accused be 
a member of its own body, provided both parties consent to 
the change of venue. The comity between neighboring 
Lodges justifies such acts of a fraternal character, where the 
Constitution of the Grand Lodge do not interpose objections. 

DUE. 

(See also Summonses; Signs; etc.) 

This term denotes fit, proper, regular, legal, constitutional 
or full. No sign or summons is obligatory upon a Mason, 
unless it may be explained by one of these words, as a due 
sign or summons. 

A summons from the Lodge not regularly certified by the 
Secretary, under his official seal, if any, would not be a due 
summons. 

A Mafonic sign made by a Mason engaged in an unlawful 
act, or made by one not a regular Mason, would not be a dtie 
sign. 



DUES. 

(See also Discipline; Fees; Fines.) 

Kegular contributions by the members (Master Masons) to 
the treasury of the Lodge, are lawful and necessary. They 
enable the Lodge to maintain the honor and dignity of the 
Institution, pay the current expenses of meetings, etc., sup- 
port the Grand Lodge, and afford the means of charity to the 
distressed. These demands are proportioned to the expen- 
siveness of the locality. In small and remote country Lodges 
an annual contribution of two dollars by each member, usu- 
ally suffices both for the Grand Lodge quota and all other 
outlays. In cities the average demands upon the membership 
are five dollars per annum — sometimes much higher ; while 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 325 

the occasional calls for charity, etc., met bj Yoluntary contri- 
butions, exceed that sum two fold. 

It is not lawful for a Lodge to demand contributions from 
members, except for the regular purposes of the Masonic In- 
stitution. The building of monuments, granting Honora- 
riums, subscriptions to national enterprises, etc., so common 
among our zealous Fraternity, are undertakings purely vol- 
untary and must be treated as such. Lodges misuse their 
revenues and defraud their own treasuries in expending their 
regular funds for such purposes, however creditable in them- 
selves the schemes may be. 

No dues from Entered Apprentices and Fellow-crafts are 
proper ; they simply pay the fees demanded at their reception. 
An exception to this rule exists, however, in Kentucky, where 
Masons of every degree contribute alike to the revenues of 
the Order. 

Fines are improper in Masonry. All demands must be 
equal upon the members (Master Masons^, and offenses 
against the rules are provided for in the discipline of the 
Institution. The Grand Lodge, on appeal, would remit a 
fine charged upon a member, and censure the body that 
exacted it. All clauses establishing fines as a means of dis- 
cipline, should be stricken from the By-Laws of Lodges. 

Contributions may be extraordinary in their nature, as for 
the erection of a new Hall, or some other strictly Masonic 
purpose. But the vote, in such a case, must not be taken 
until the matter has been thoroughly discussed, ample time 
allowed for its consideration, and every member of the Lodge 
notified of the proposed action. 

No dues are exacted of Honorary members. 

Members in indigent circumstances may (and oueht to) be 
exempted from dues, but only by vote of the Locfge. The 
neglect of this most reasonable lenity has driven many of the 
truest Masons from their affiliations. 

The Secretary and Tyler, as a portion of their wages (com- 
pensation), are usually exempted from the regular dues of the 
Lodge. 

The regular collection of the Lodge dues from the mem- 
bers, forms a part of the covenanted duties of the Secretary. 
Neglect on his part is usually followed by indifference on 
theirs. . The neglect to pay dues, which creates so much em- 



326 MASONIC LAW AND USAQS. 

barrassment to Lodges and compels discipline (suspension) 
upon hundreds every year, is more the fault of the Secretary, 
who neglects to collect them of the members who neglect to 
pay. By-Laws should demand payments quarterly; Secreta- 
ries should present accounts ^arter/y; brethren will then 
pay qwETterly. So says all experience. 

All moneys collected for aues, etc., must be paid by the 
Secretary to the Treasurer before the conclusion of the Ses- 
sion of the Lodge next succeeding such collection. Failure 
in this subjects the Secretary to discipline. 

It is the common usage to excuse clergymen from paying 
dues to the Lodge. 

EASTERN STAR. 

(See also, Androgynous; Adoption; Females; Good Samaritan; Hero- 
ine of Jericho; Holy Virgin; Mason's Daughter.) 

An Order of Adoptive Masonry in considerable repute in the 
United States. It couKists of four points or degrees, termed 
Jephthah's Daughter, Ruth, Esther, Martha, and Electa, 
and is communicated in the form of a lecture, after an honor- 
able pledge of secresy, by any Master Mason possessing it, to 
the worthy wives, widows, sisters, and daughters of Master 
Masons, being eighteen years of age and upward. Not less 
than five females must be present at its communication. Cer- 
tificates of their having received the degree are furnished 
them, signed by any five of the brethren present. There is, 
likewise, an emblem peculiar to this Order, which is worn by 
the Sisters as a decoration. The Eastern Star is by far the 
most popular of all the Orders of Adoptive Masonry in use 
in this country, and approaches nearest to a uniform system. 

In the year 1855, a regular system of degrees styled ''The 
American Adoptive Rite," was framed by Rob Morris and 
others, upon the Eawtem Star as a basis, societies of which 
styled QjnsiellationBj have been established in most of the 
States and Territories with great success. The peculiarities 
of the '' Rite " are, that an impressive ceremonial, founded 
upon Scriptural history, is performed; a semi-annual pass- 
word styled a Jdemorml, is communicated, and regular rules 
of discipline adopted, as in all Masonic societies. To prevent 
a mercenary use of this f^ystem, it is expressly forbidden that 
any lecturer should receive a fee for communicating it. 



MAfiONIO LAW AND USAGE* 327 

EDICTS. 

(S€0 also, Bj-Laws ; Constitutions ; Rules.) 

An Edict differs in no respect from a Rule, By-Law, or 
Standard Regulation, except as it is more limited in charac- 
ter, and issued by the Grand Lodge alone. It is usually 
directed to a specific act ; as an Edict requiring every Mason 
to be registered ; an Edict forbidding communication with 
the Masons under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge 

of , etc. Kven then the word Regulation expresses 

almost precisely the same order. 

Edicts of Grand Lodges may be, and sometimes are, oral 
and unwritten. In such cases, the representatives present at 
Grand Lodge bear home the edict to their constituents. 

All utterances of Grand Lodges partake of the character 
of edicts, being authoritative in the highest degree. Mere 
recommendations and advice are unsuitable to the sovereignty 
th«^ exercise over their Subordinates. 

All Edicts must be in accordance with the ancient land- 
marks of Masonry, as conveyed in the Constitution of the 
Grand Lodge and the Ancient Constitutions of Masonry, else 
they are not binding upon the Fraternity to whom they are 
directed. 

The Edicts of Grand Lodges, so far as they can be com- 
mitted to writing, are found in the printed proceedings of 
those bodies respectively. 

ELECTION. 

(See Balloting; Installation; Voting.) 

Elections are usually held annually. They come off upon 
some day designated by the By-Laws of the Lodge, or the 
Rules of the Grand Lodge. Members in arrears for a con> 
siderable period, should be debarred from holding office or 
taking part in the election. Elections are held in the third 
degree. Nominations to office are both common and proper. 

The officers elected are the Master, two Wardens, Treasurer, 
and Secretary, and in many Lodges the Tyler. They are 
elected in the order designated. The Senior Deacon is then 
appointed by the Master elect, the Junior Deacon by the 
Senior Warden elect; the Stewards, if any, by the Junior 



328 MASONIC LAW AND USAQE. 

Warden elect ; other officers, if any, are appointed by the 
Master. The installation should succeed the election at as 
brief an interval as conyenient. (^See Installation.) 

By a common usage the Master is considered always in 
nomination for re-election to office, and the Wardens his 
competitors. Frequent changes in such offices as that of the 
Master, the Secretary, and the Tyler, are opposed to good 
Masonic policy, and entail serious evils upon the Lodge. 

No caucusing or arts of any kind to secure the election of 
favorite persons, are lawful. Officers must not be elected for 
seniority but for merit. Brethren elected to office, unless 
excused by the Lodge for reasons presented, are bound in 
Masonic reason to accept and act; an exception, however, 
may be made in behalf of one who has already filled an office 
to which the Lodge desire against his will to re-elect him. 

The election should be by ballot and secret, each voter 
marking upon a slip of paper the name of one of the mem- 
bers in nomination, and depositing the slip as a ballot. 

Officers hold over until their successors are elected and 
installed. If, therefore, for any cause, the period prescribed 
for holding the election should pass without it, the officers of 
the preceding term will act for another year, unless the Grand 
Lodge or Grand Master grant a Dispensation to supply the 
omission. 

The death or removal of an officer after his installation, 
does not authorize a new election to fill the vacancy. If the 
vacant office be that of Master, the Wardens fill it by that of 
seniority ; if that of any other, the place is filled by appoint- 
ment of the Master until the next election. 

The results of an election should be immediately communi- 
cated by the Secretary, under his official seal, to the Grand 
Secretary. 

Immediately following the installation, the retiring officers 
give to the officers installed the badges of offices, records, 
moneys, etc., pertaining to their offices respectively. 



ENTERED APPRENTICES. 

(See Apprentices.) 

These are Masons whose progress has brought them upon 
the Checkered Pavement of the Mystic Temple whose cove- 



MASONIO LAW AND USAaS. 329 

nants Impel them to secresy; who are enjoined to hold the 
tenets of Brotherly Love, Relief and Truth, to practice the 
cardinal virtues of Temperance, Fortitude, Pru.dence and Jus- 
tice, and to revere those of Faith, Ilope and Charity; to 
serve their Master with Freedom, Fervency and Zeal ; and 
to practice charity, and whose working tools are the Gauge 
and Gavel. 

By American usage, one month's service upon the check- 
ered pavement entitles the Entered Apprentice, due profi- 
ciency having heen made, and his character remaining unim- 
peached, to be passed to the degree of Fellow-craft. 

EXPULSION. 

(See also Discipline, etc.) 

The highest grade of punishment known to Freemasonry. 
Its equivalent in the symbolic expressions of our fathers is 
'^ casting away among the rubbish as unworthy for the build- 
ing.'' Unless for great criminality it should be inflicted only 
after faithful counsel and rebuke and a trial of the minor 
penalties of reprimand and suspension. 

In the most of Masonic jurisdictions the Lodge which 
expels may restore ; in a few, none but the Grand Lodge can 
restore. In the former case his proposal to restore must be 
made at a stated meeting, lie over at least one month, and 
receive a unanimous vote upon adoption. The Grand Lodge 
can in no case restore an expelled brother to membership. 

The expulsion of a Mason while it deprives him of every 
privilege with which his Masonic attachment endowed him, 
leaves him bound by every part and point of his Masonic cov- 
enant. Of this no act of his own or of the Lodge can ever 
divest him. The tie of Masonry is perpetual. 

The second penalty in Masony is suspension ; the third and 
lowest reprimand, 

FEES. 
( See Dues. ) 

The sums exacted from the candidate prior to the confer- 
ring of the degrees respectively are termed fees. They vary 
in the different sections of the United States and Canada from 
29 



330 XABONIO LAW AND USAQS. 

fifteen dollars (for the three degrees) to one hundred dollars. 
They are in general set too low for the best results. 

Clergymen are usually excused from the payment of fees. 

FELLOW CRAFTS. 

(SeeCraftii.) 

These are Masons whose progress has brought them to the 
Middle Chamber of the Mystic Temple; whose covenants 
impel them to be secret, honest, obedient and charitable ; and 
whose working tools are the Plumb, Square, and Level. 

By American usage one month's service in the middle 
chamber entitles the Fellow-craft, due proficiency having been 
made, and his character remaining unimpeached, to be raised 
to the degree of Master Mason. 

FEMALES. 

(Ste also Adoption; Androgynous; Eastern Star; Good Samaritan; 
Heroine of Jericho ; Holjr Virgin ; Masou's Daughter.) 

According to the solemn covenants considered in symboli- 
cal Masonry, the cement of the Order, certain classes of 
females possess from their relationship to Master Masons pecu- 
liar claims to countenance and support. The worthy wife and 
daughter during the lifetime of their family head, share with 
him in many of the benefits and honors of this noble and 
world-wide institution. Their position in society is thus 
enhanced ; their protection from iusult secured ; their honor 
shielded f^om scandalous breath ; their wants relieved. They 
have good reason therefore to feel that it is well for a worthy 
man to be a Freemason. 

But when the hand of death falls upon the happy and for- 
tunate group, and the family head is snatched from them, 
consigning to widowhood and orphanage, perhaps to poverty 
and friendlessness, those tender ones, the glory and beauty of 
Freemasonry shines forth even more conspicuously. Then 
the tearful widow, then the pale orphan assume that place in 
the affections of the brethren which late the husband and 
father occupied. All the good will he had secured to himself 
by long and faithful Masonic services and contributions to the 
Masonic treasury, inures to them. The gratitude due to him 



IfASONIO LAW AND USAOE. 331 

iB obeerfnlly paid to them ; and counsel, sympathy, aid and 
protection are abundantly tendered to those whom Ood has 
thus severely bereaved. Such is the theory of Masonry in 
its relation to wife and daughter. 

A relationship less intimate but yet tender and important 
also exists between the fraternity and the mother and sister of 
the Master Mason. By this tie their virtue is shielded and 
they defended from those lawless attacks to which unsuspect- 
ing woman so often falls a prey. 

P^o general decision has ever been made of the questions 
whether a Mason, by non-affiliating, deprives his female rela- 
tives of the privileges alluded to; or what amount of' im- 
proper conduct, opposition to Masonry, etc., would forfeit their * 
claims to Masonic protection and aid. Our opinion is that a 
demitted Mason has no Masonic privileges that can inure to his 
family, and that females themselves may forfeit their inherent 
claims by bad conduct and opposition to the institution. 

The widow of a Master Mason marrying again resigns her 
claims upon the Masonic Order. Several Grand Lodges have 
ordered their Subordinates to furnish the widows and orphan 
daughters of Master Masons with certificates avouching their 
claims to Masonic benevolence. This is a laudable custom 
and should be made general. 

To give to females an easy and reliable method of prov- 
ing their Masonic relationship as above described, when 
among strangers, various orders or degrees enumerated in the 
caption, have been invented and communicated to them. 
These form what is styled Adoptive Masonry. Thus far, how- 
ever, the system has not met with general success. 

If by accident or improper conduct on the part of Masons, 
a female comes to the knowledge of any Masonic secrets she 
is not thereby to be admitted into the Lodge nor can the 
brethren communicate with her upon Masonic subjects. Any 
Lodge violating this rule would forfeit its charter; any 
brother infringing upon it would subject himself to certain 
expulsion. 

FINES. 

(See nlso Dues.) 

Fines in Masonry are improper and unlawful. As a means 
of discipline, they are absurd; as a method of replenishing 



332 MASONIO LAW AND USAQB. 

the treasury of the Lodge, nnequal and unjust. They have 
been employed in foreign Lodges where charity (alms- giving) 
was the greatest, almost the only object, of the Institution ; 
but here, where morality is pursued as the chief end of Ma- 
sonry, they are almost universally discarded. They are une- 
qual, because the infliction of fines is never proportioned to 
the pecuniary ability of members. They produce nothing 
but heart-burnings or indifference, and no moral effect follows. 
Experience, therefore, as well as theory, denounce their use^ 



FORNICATION. 

(See also Adultery ; Discipline; Females.) 

Among the numerous instances of violations of Masonic 
laws committed among the widely -extended Masonic Frater- 
nity, and made the subjects of Masonic penalties, few indeed 
partake of the nature of carnal intercourse committed with 
the female relatives of Master Masons. 



FUNDS. 

(See also Treasury.) 

The funds cf the Lodge are made up by regular contribu- 
tions from the members, and fees for conferring the degrees. 
Donations, legacies, etc., are often made to Lodges by mem- 
bers who have greatly experienced the benefits and pleasures 
of MasOnry. Of this sort was the large legacy by Stephen 
Girard to the Graft in Pennsylvania. 

An accumulation of funds through fines is not in accord- 
ance with Masonic principles. 

It is not politic for a Lodge to swell its funds at the ex- 
pense of charity, or of such objects of a literary character as 
the well-working of the Institution demands. Each Masonic 
generation is best able to provide for itself the resources 
necessary to perpetuate the Order. 



FUNERALS. 

(See also Interment.) 

Every Worthy Master Mason, affiliated at the period of his 
death, is entitled to, and should receive a Masonic Funeral. 



MASONIO LAW AND USAQE. 333 

The Lodge of which the deceased was a memher is the 
proper body at whose expense and under whose direction the 
funeral rites should be conducted, unless owing to his high 
official position, or singular great merit, the Grand Lodge 
assumes its prerogative. If the deceased die when absent 
from home, the Loi)ge nearest the place of his death, aware 
of his character and Masonic connection, will perform these 
duties, and all expense will be refunded to them by the Lodge 
to which he actually belonged. A full course of instruction 
is given for Masonic funerals under the head of Past Master, 
in an earlier part of this volume. 



GOOD SAMAEITAN. 

(See also Adoption ; Androgynous ; Eastern Star ; Females ; Heroine of 
Jericho; Holy Virgin; Masons' Daaghter.) 

A form of Adoptive Masonry highly valued in the United 
States. It is usually confined to Royal Arch Masons, and^ their 
wives and widows ; but owing to the want of a general head 
or standard, we have found the degree in at least one section 
ef the country in the hands of Master Masons, and their 
wives and daughters. It is founded upon the story of the 
Good Samaritan, and displays by an elegant ceremonial the 
virtue of charity, prompt and decisive in a most impressive 
and solemn manner. Its medal is contrived with remarkable 
ingenuity, but its means of recognition are meager. In Mis- 
souri, a system of Adoptive Masonry has been devised, based 
upon The Good Samaritan. Societies working by this system 
are styled Circles, 

The Medal of The Good Samaritan is thus described : A 
circle having in the center G. 'S. Around the border EFIW. 
STOL. Upon curved lines through the area, the following : 
LTTN. ONAO. TIMITW. SIITC. WHO. 1TMT8AIWGIU. 
FWNOWITSD. EWAFL. 



GRAND MASTER. 

(See Dispensation ; Dispensations; Officers.) 
The executive of the Grand Lodge, and the highest digni- 
tary known to the Masonic Order is styled the Grand Master. 
In him, during the intermissions between the Grand Commu- 
nications, is vested the government of the Craft in all ita 



834 XAflOKIO LAW AND ITSAOB. 

departments. He is not so mucli the Grand Master of the 
Grand Lodge aa of the Masonic Fraternity in bis jurisdiction ; 
his duties as President of the Grand Lodge being but subor- 
dinate to his higher and broader duties as the head of the 
Order. 

The Grand Master is eleeted for one year, or until his suc- 
cessor is constitutionally elected and installed. He muat be 
a Past Master to be eligible to this office, and his coTenani aa 
Grand Master is an extension of that of a Paat Master. 

So numerous are the duties, so arduous the responsibilities 
of the Grand Master, that few attempts have been made by 
the Masonic legislatures to define or confine them. It has 
been thought safer thus &r to select worthy and competent 
men for the charge, than to hedge in and embarrass the Grand 
Master by drawing the outlines of his duties. In general, 
whatever the Grand Lodge can do, or should do, in accordance 
with their own Constitutions, the Grand Master, if in hb own 
discretion called upon to perform it, can and should do like- 
wise. 

The Grand Master may grant Dispensations for many pur- 
poses. See those heads. 

The instruction and illumination of the Craft being the 
Grand Master's special prerogative ; the lectures, rituals, and 
those who impart them, are subject to his orders. He is ex- 
pected, during his continuance in office to visit many Lodges 
for the^ purposes of illumination, as well as to exercise disci- 
pline, inspect the work and records, and keep the Fraternity 
generally within the ancient landmarks. 

The title of the Grand Master is Most Worshipful. No 
emoluments are attached to the office, "the approbation of 
the Craft and the approval of God" being a richer reward. 



HAND BOOKS. 

(See Monitor.) 



HARODIM, COLLEGE OF. 

(See also, Inatruction; Knowledges, etcjf 



MASONIC LAW AND USAQS. 3E5 

HEROINE OF JERICHO. . 

( See Adoption ; Androgjnoas; Eastern Star; Females; Good Samar- 
itan; Hoi J Virgin; Mason's iN&ugliter.) 

A form of Adoptive Masonry, formerly in extensive nse in 
the United States. It is properly confined to Royal Arch 
Masons and their wives and widows, hut, like the Good Sa- 
maritan (which see) it has to a small extent, fallen into the 
possession of Master Masons. It is founded upon the history 
of Rahah, and her rescue of the spies from the hands of the 
king of Jericho. There is no ceremonial attached to it, hut its 
means of recognition are full and ingenious. 

The medal of the Heroine of Jericho is usually heart-shaped, 
with the letters ARHAB in the center, and around it the let- 
ters BFRPNWTTBN. On some medals may be seen in ad- 
dition the letters ML. FT. lYUN. TOB. 



HISTORY. 

( See Archives ; Secretary. ) 



HOLY VIRGIN. 

(See also, Adoption; Androgynous: Eastern Star; Females; Good Sa- 
maritan ; Heroine of Jericho; Mason's Daaghter.) 

A form of Adoptive Masonry but partially disseminated in 
this country. A little work, styled '* Ladies' Masonry," pub- 
lished in 1861, by Wm. Leigh, Past Grand Master of Ala- 
bama, gives detailed accounts of it. The sentiments, etc., are 
beautiful. 



HONORARY. 
(See also, Degrees; Memheithip^ etc.) 

Those degrees of Masonry are styled honorary which are 
given in due course, and as a matter of course to Master Ma- 
sons ; which require no covenant more binding than that of 
a Master Mason ; which are in some degree explanatory of 
symbolical Masonry, or wanting to the system. Of this sort 
are the Mark Jfosters, the Royal MaUert^ and Sdeet ifostert, 
which are complementary to the Fdkfuxrafi ; the Mo9i JS»- 



336 MASONIC LAW AND USAQl. 

cellent and Royal Arch, whicli seem neceBsary to the Master 
Ma$on ; the Red Orosn, which is the complement of the Royal 
Arch. Also, the whole array of Side Degrees, also termed 
Honorary Degreen, which are used to illustrate or impress Ma- 
sonic Tirtues, and increase the means of Masonic recognition. 
That kind of memhership based upon meritorious services 
alone, and not contingent upon fees or residence is styled 
honorary. 

IMPOSITION. 

(See Charity ; Travel, etc. ) 

That the Masonic Order at the present time abounds with 
impostors, through whose impositions the Craft are great suf- 
ferers, is but saying that due care in examination is not exer- 
cised. If Lodges and Masons will take the assertions of 
every stroller for truth, counsel is but wasted upon them. 

The principles and technicalities of Masonry afford an in- 
fallible test whereby impostors may be detected, and charity 
prudently and worthily bestowed. 



INITIATION. 

(See Entered Apprentice.) 

The ceremony of introduction into the first degree of Ma- 
sonry, symbolically expressed as ^' introducing the candidate 
to the Checkered Pavement of King Solomon's Temple," 
is properly styled Initiation ; although many writers use the 
term indiscriminately in reference to all Masonic degrees. 
The conductor is the Senior Deacon. The instructors are 
the Master and Wardens. 

The ceremony of initiation is exceedingly instructive and 
beautiful. Performed with the necessary machinery, each 
assistant having his part perfectly clear in his memory, and 
with a tongue fluent to express his part, and followed up by 
the lectures in three sections appropriate to the degree, it 
never fails to gratify and satisfy the initiate, and to improve 
the mind and morals of the brethren present. 

A Brother long absent from his Lodge, having no vouch- 
ers, and being totally unable to prove himself a Mason, may 
lawfully be initiated a second time. 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 337 

INSTALLATION. 

(See Election ; OflBcere, etc.) 

The act of qualifying officers elect for their respective du- 
ties is styled installation. It is performed in open Lodge, 
opened in either degree, or after a slight preparation, it may 
be done in public. It consists, Ist, In an acknowledgment 
by the brethren present that the persons named have been truly 
elected by them for the offices respectively. 2d, In a further 
acknowledgment by the brethren present that they yet ad- 
here to their choice. 3d, In a covenant by the parties elect 
faithfully to perform their respective trusts until their suc- 
cessors are duly elected and installed. 4th, In an enumera- 
tion and acceptance of the various duties. 5th, Rendering 
due homage and respect to the new officers. All these, ex- 
cept the third specification, may be performed in public. 

The retiring Master installs the Master elect, who then in- 
stalls the remaining officers. 

After an officer is installed, he can not honorably resign 
the office, or neglect the duties involved in it. In case of 
death or absence, no new election is held ; the office is sup- 
plied by brethren appointed temporarily by the Master. 

In case of public installation, an address to the audience 
should follow, in which the purposes and theory of Masonry, 
and the vital relation in which the newly-installed officers 
stand toward the Lodge may be rehearsed. 



INSTRUCTION, LODGES OF. 

(See also, Harodim^ Knowledge.) 

These are moot Lodges, in which the ceremonies of Ma- 
sonry are performed, their technicalities rehearsed, etc., for 
the purpose of perfecting the attendant brethren therein. 
When conducted with dignity, and the ancient rituals rigidly 
followed, they are productive of much benefit to the fra- 
ternity. 



338 MASONIO LAW AND UaAGB. 



INTERMENT. 

(See also, Funeral.) 

None are entitled to the honors of a Masonic interment 
save Master Masons, and those only who are in good standing 
at the time of their death, and affiliated in a regular Lodge. 
It is to be understood, also, that the deceased had expressed 
his desire for Masonic interment. The consent of his survi- 
ving family, or those haying the immediate charge of his re- 
mains, must likewise be had. It is well for Lodges to keep a 
''Book of Memory," in which members may record their 
wishes as to the disposition of their remains after death. 
This will often obviate an unpleasant altercation between the 
Lodge and the family of the deceased. 

An Entered Apprentice or Fellow-craft, however distin- 
guished socially or politically, can not have a Masonic burial. 
The reason of this is found in the peculiar philosophy of Ma- 
sonry, which has appropriated all questions relative to death 
and the resurrection to the Master s degree. 

A Mason who has taken his own life, or perished in a duel 
or any unlawful brawl, or has suffered death at the hands of 
justice, or died from the effects of dissipation in any evil 
course, can not have the honors of Masonic interment. 

Assemblages for funeral purposes, if met within a reasona- 
ble distance, must be controlled as other Lodge meetings — 
a Master, the Warden, a Secretary for recording, and an open 
Lodge. But in the absence of a Lodge organisation, or at a 
distance too great for such formality, a proper number of 
brethren working in the spirit of seriousness and prudence, 
may convene, and with the solemn rites of Masonry lay " dust 
to dust" 



JURISDICTION. 

The jurisdiction of aG-rand Lodge extends to the boundanr 
of the State, Province, or Territory in which it is found. 
Over all Lodges and individual Masons therein it has pri- 
mary and exclusive rule. But this is not all. Any State, 
Province, etc., in which no Grand Lodge exists, is subject to 
the joint occupation and rule of all the Grand Lodges in the 



MASONIC LAW AND U8AQX. 339 

world. Such at the present time ^1858) are New Mexico, 
Washington Territory, Utah, etc., in the United States and 
Mexico; Central America, the greater part of Africa and Asia, 
the Sandwich Islands, etc., etc., elsewhere, in each of which 
any Grand Lodge acknowledged to be regular, may establish 
Lodges in accordance with their own constitution. 

By a reciprocal and beautiful courtesy, many Grand Lodges 
waive jurisdiction to the Subordinates, working under contig- 
uous Grand Lodges, and authorize them to admit members 
whose residences are nearer those Lodged than any under their 
own government. 

The jurisdiction of every Subordinate Lodge extends to those 
points on every side which are midway to contiguous Lodges 
respectively. But the same principle of reciprocal courtesy 
will justify the waiving of Jurisdiction to neighboring Lodges 
by special order. The Lodge situated nearest the boundary 
line of the State has exclusive jurisdiction to that line, sub- 
ject only to such international courtesy as may be allowed by 
the Grand Lodges respectively. 

The violation of Masonic jurisdiction is a high misdemeanor 
in Masonry, and has led to many and serious altercations be- 
tween brethren. 



JUKISPRUDENCE. 

There are seventeen rules of Masonic jurisprudence, which 
may well be styled Landmarks, which embrace its entire code. 
They are deduced from the Ancient Charges compiled by 
Payne, Anderson and Desagulers, and first published in 1723. 

Landm ABK I. The Masonic Landmarks are unchangeable 
and imperative. 

Landxabk II. Freemasonry is a system teaching svmbol- 
ieally, piety, morality, science, Charity and self-discipline. 

Landmark III. The Law of God is the rule and limit of 
Masonry. 

Landmark IY. The civil law, so far as it accords with the 
Divine, is obligatory upon Masons. 

Landmark Y. The Masonic Lodge and the Masonic In- 
stitution are one and indivisible. 



340 HASONIO LAW AND USAOS. 

Landmabk YI. Masonic qnalifioations regard the mental, 
moral and physical nature of man. 

Landmark YII. Personal worth and merit are the only 
basis of official worth and merit. 

Landmark VIII. The officia,^! duties of Masonry are esot- 
eric. 

Landmark IX. The selection of Masonic material and 
the general labors of the Masonic Craft, are exoteric. 

Landmark X. The honors of Masonry are the gratitnde of 
the Craft and the approval of God. 

Landmark XI. Masonic promotion both private and official, 
is by grades. 

Landmark XII. The Grand Master may have a Deputy. 

Landmark XIII. The head of the Lodge is the Master, 
duly elected by the Craft. 

Landmark XIV. The medium of communication between 
the head and the body of the Lodge is the Wardens. 

Landmark XY. Obedience to the Master and Wardens is 
obligatory upon the members. 

Landmark XYI. Secresy is an indispensable element in 
Masonry. 

Landmark XYII. The Grand Lodge is supreme in its 
sphere of jurisdiction, and controls both the Subordinate 
Lodges and individual Masons, but always subject to the 
Ancient Landmarks. 



KNOWLEDGE. 

(See Discipline ; Harodim; Instruction.) 

The advantages of Masonic knowledge to the brethren are. 
First, To afford them the means of communication with the 
Craft wherever met, thus enabling them to enjoy the social, 
honorary and pecuniary privileges of the Institution. Sec- 
ond^ To expand the mind and improve the morals. A Lodge 
which does not afford to its members tbese classes of advan- 
tages is not doing its part in the work of Masonry, and upon 
proper charges before the Grand Lodge, may be reprimanded 
or deprived of its charter. 



UABOmO LAW AND USAQE. 341 

It is the duty of the Master of the Lodge to commanicate 
MasoDic knowledge to his members at every meeting of the 
Lodge. Upon his failure to do so, should dissatisfaction arise, 
it is quieted by the ability and readiness of the Senior War- 
den, who performs the duty thus slighted by the Master. A 
Lodge can not lawfully be opened or closed without this com- 
munication of Masonic knowledge. Upon the failure of the 
Master (or Senior Warden) to perform this duty, upon proper 
charges being made to the Grand Master, he may be repri- 
manded, or even deposed from office by that high official. 

No Brother, not properly identified and vouched for as a 
Masonic acquaintance, can be admitted as a visitor into a 
Lodge, until by the communication of his Masonic knowledge 
he satisfies them of his legitimacy as a Mason. 

Should an applicant as aforesaid fail in his attempt to visit, 
by the want of Masonic knowledge, a notification should 
be promptly made to the Lodge of which he claims to be a 
member, that the imposition, if any, may be detected. 

Honorariums and testimonials of various sort-s are made by 
a grateful fraternity to those brethren who through much 
travel, reading and study become conspicuous for their Ma- 
sonic knowledge. 

The officers .of Lodges, Grand and Subordinate, are prop- 
erly selected on account of their knowledge, as well as their 
zeal and moral worth. 



LABOE. 

( See Refreshment.) 

The work of Masonry, including the opening and closing 
of Lodges, and all that is done in them, also the public ex- 
ercises of the Craft, as seen in the burial of the dead, laying 
corner-stones, dedicating Masonic Halls, public installation 
of officers, etc., is styled Labor, The behavior of the Fra- 
ternity at other periods is said to be while at Refreshment. 
During the period of Labor the Senior Warden has direct 
charge of the laborers, the elevation of his column implying 
so much. During that of Refreshment the charge is in the 
Junior Warden, and his column should be erected accord- 
ingly. 

The ancient practice of the Fraternity required actual Rt" 



d42 MABONIO LAW AND U8AOK. 

fre^hmmi of food and drink, typified by tlio otber, to be dis- 
pensed to the brethren before they dispersed after Labor, 

The whole purposes of Masonic Labor may be embraced in 
the divine sentence, '^ Glory to God in the Highest ! on earUi 
peace : good will to men 1 " 



LIBRARY. 

(See also Secretary, Archives, etc) 

Every well-working Lodge shonld be possessed of a Library 
to contain all the proceedings and printed documents emanat- 
ing from the Grand Lodge by whose authority it works ; a 
good supply of manuals or hand-books for convenient use ; 
one or more of the Masonic periodicals of the day ; all the 
standard and approved works upon Masonic History, Philoso- 
phy, Jurisprudence, and Belles-lettres extant ; and such otber 
publications of a Masonic or more general nature, as the taste 
and wants of the Lodge may dictate. 

The Librarian of the Lodge is the Secretary. Regulations 
for the preservation of the Library and the loaning of the 
books to members, should be attached to the By-laws of the 
Lodge. 

A fund, consisting of a regular per cent, on all collections, 
should be annually appropriated to the increase of the Library. 
This may be expended under the directions of the OommiUee 
on the Libraiyj who consist, usually, of the three higher offi- 
cers of the Lodge, together with the Treasurer and Secretary. 

The only complete Masonic Library or collection of works 
upon the History, Philosophy, Jurisprudence, and Belles- 
lettres of the Institution ever prepared for general use, is that 
styled <^ The Universal Masonic Library," of which the Cata- 
logue is presented at the end of this volume." 



LIGHT. 

(See Knowledge.) 

By the term Light is implied in Masonry, all that knowledge 
esoteric or exoteric peculiar to the Institution. The covenant 
is the boundary line between Masonic light and darkness. 

There is no Masonic light as such in any degree beyond 
that of the three symbolic grades. 



HABONIG LAW AND U8A0S. 343 

The posseBsion of Masonic light entitles a Brother to all 
the privileges and honors of Masonry, so long as he possesses 
the mental, moral and physical means of establishing his 
claim to them. 



MANUALS. 

(See Monitor.) 



MASON'S WIFE OR DAUGHTER. 

(See also Adoption; Androgynous; Eastern Star; Females; Good Sa- 
maritan ; Heroine of Jericho ; Holy Virgin. ) 

A form of Adoptive Masonry yery extensively diffused 
in this country. Its popularity is owing, we apprehend, to 
the ease with which the most unintelligent persons can com- 
municate it, as it requires neither eloquence, memory, nor 
Scriptural knowledge to display its full merits. 

It is usually confined to Master Masons and their wives, 
widows, sisters and daughters ; but in some localities it is 
communicated to the mothers of such. There is no incident 
of Scripture particularly illustrated by it, nor are its means 
of recognition sufficiently uniform or complete to render it a 
matter worthy of much attention. Its jewel is a circle with 
the letters AMRY; in the center and around it, the letters 
FNDOS BTKC. 



MASTER. 

(See Officers, etc.) 

The Master of the Lodge is elected by those members eligi- 
ble by the By-Laws, and upon a day specified either in the 
By-Laws or in the Constitutional regulations of the Grand 
Lodge. He is elected annually, and holds office until his suc- 
cessor is duly elected and installed. He is installed by the 
retiring Master, or some other Past Master. It is essential 
that he should first receive the degree (or Order) of Past 
Master before he can be installed. He is elected not for his 
seniority, but according to his merit. If re-eleoted without 
an interval, he need not be re-installed. 

All matters relative to the progress, discipline, cementing 



344 MASONIC LAW AND USAQS. 

and good order of the Lodge, devoWe in general upon the 
Master. He appoints all committees, is custodian of the 
Charter, summons the Lodge at discretion, admits and rejects 
visitors at pleasure, appoints the Senior Deacon and performs 
the work. The Wardens are his assistants, the PastMas^rs his 
counselors and aids, the members his co-laborers in the glori- 
ous work of Masonry. 

The Master is responsible for his official acts not to his 
Lodge, but to the Grand Lodge, or (which is the same thing) 
to the Grand Master for the time being. Therefore, he will 
put no question to his Lodge that he deems contrary to the 
Constitution and By-Laws, or subversive of the true spirit and 
intention of the ancient landmarks. This is the spirit of his 
installation covenant. 



MASTER MASON. 

(See also Apprentices ; Craft«; Materials; Religion.) 

A Brother^ having been initiated regularly into the first 
degree of Masonry, as regularly passed to the second degree, 
and as regularly raised to the third degree, is styled a Master 
Mason. He is a completed edifice, prepared for the reception 
of all Masonic knowledge, and the exemplification of every 
virtue. To him all the ancient landmarks may and should 
be entrusted ; upon him are laid all the burdens of the Insti- 
tution — he is authorized to use and enjoy every privilege, 
honor and pleasure of which Freemasonry is susceptible. By 
the philosophy of the Institution he is covenanted to pre- 
serve its secrets, to be honest, obedient and charitable, to 
avoid slander, violence and licentiousness, to have no Masonic 
communication with clandestine Lodges or Masons, and to 
reject in the quarry all improper materials. (See Materiah.') 
As moralUy is the great doctrine of an apprentice, and science 
the great purpose of a Craft, so religion of a broad and uni- 
versal character is the prime inculcation of the Master's 
degree. 

The Master Mason is the teacher of all Masons of inferior 
grades, and must ever be found as ready to communicate 
knowledge as they to receive it. No Master Mason should 
content himself with less than the seven sections of the lec- 
tures in the first, second and third Degrees, as these, or large 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 345 

parts of these, form the necessary means of recognition be- 
tween the brethren the world over. 

The Treasury of the Lodge belongs to the Master Masons, 
who are its members (see Treasury), and its benefits accrue 
only to them, their widows, and orphan children. 

Only Master Masons can be interred with Masonic honors, 
or unite in the solemn ceremonies appropriate to that act. 
The symbols of Masonry are elucidated to Master Masons 
chiefly ; its grand and sublime traditions which give dignity 
and permanency to the Order, are unfolded only in this 
degree. 

The preparation of By-Laws, their amendment, etc. ; service 
on committees ; the official stations ; all voting, balloting and 
debating; attendance either as representatives or visitors at 
the Grand Lodge ; all these are the prerogatives of Master 
Masons. 

Only Master Masons are required to pay the contributions, 
ordinary or extraordinary ordered by the Lodge and Grand 
Lodge. An exception to this rule is found in Kentucky, 
where dues, etc., are required of all grades of Masons. 

A Master Mason as such may travel, visit Lodges upon law- 
ful examination, and disseminate the light and knowledge of 
the Order around the world. 

Only Master Masons can unite in the organization of new 
Lodges, or the revival of old Lodges. Charters and Dis- 
pensations are granted to Master Masons exclusively. 



MATERIALS. 

(See Master Mason; Crafls; Apprentices.) 

This topic is conveniently subdivided into 1. Lawful. 2. 
Unlawful. 

Lawful Material to the mystic temple of Masonry consists 
of men free born, of lawful age (twenty-one years and 
upward is the American usage); mentally, morally,, and 
physically perfect (according to the ancient standard), well 
recommended, and presenting, unsolicited, a request to the 
Lodge for initiation. 

Such an applicant as this is scrutinized by each member of 
the Lodge by every light presented in the Masonic system. 
A committee is appointed on behalf of the Lodge, with am- 
^0 



346 MASONIC LAW AMB TTSAOE. 

pie powers and ample time (one month or longer if any ask 
it), to make inquiry into his qualifications in the three par- 
ticulars of mind, heart, and body. Their report being de- 
livered and accepted, a ballot is spread (secret in the strictest 
acceptation of the term), and upon the unanimous consent of 
the brethren assembled (one objection being fatal), the appli- 
cant, with every caution that the time-honored principles of 
Masonry inculcate, and the experience of brethren suggests, 
is entrusted with a portion of the secrets of the Fraternity, 
bound by a link of its mystic covenant, and endowed with a 
little part of its privileges. 

But this, by no means, ends the scrutinv with which he is 
viewed by those to whom is entrusted the building up of the 
ancient walls. It is not alone in selecting and breaking the 
stone in the quarry, that skill and caution are necessary, but 
in every step from its choice to its elevation to place in the 
walls. The candidate having worked awhile (not less than a 
month by American usage) as an Entered Apprentice, the 
brethren have been enabled to view him more closely, and to 
criticise his qualifications for Masonry more accurately than 
before he came among them. He now undergoes a second 
ordeal by secret ballot, and if a single objection is found he 
must remain awhile longer to wield the Gauge and Gavel, the 
instruments of his vocation upon the checkered pavement. 

Having, however, by unanimous consent passed to the 
degree of Fellow-craft, and assumed an enlarged and solemn 
covenant, the materials begin to assume a shape pleasing to 
the Masonic eye. An intimacy, tender and delightful, is 
formed between the Fellow-craft and his brethren. It be- 
comes good and pleasant to dwell with him in unity. The 
task of scrutinizing the mental, moral, and physical character 
of the Brother is easy and agreeable. The weeks pass swiftly 
by (not less than four by American usage), and the plumb, 
square, and level may be laid aside, the Middle Chamber 
vacated, the apron turned to represent a mystic form, and the 
Brother raised to the sublime degree of a Master Mason. 
This is equivalent to laying the block upon the wall and 
cementing it there, never, it is hoped, to be removed. The 
Trowel placed in the Brother's hands, indicates a duty the 
most sacred of all Masonic inculcations, and his future place 
as a Mason, the Sanctum Sanctorum of the Temple. Such 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 347 

are the materials of Masonry ; such the working up taught 
by its founder. 

Unlawful Material consists of females ; minors ; slave-born 
persons; those whose minds are impaired by age; irreligious 
libertines (scoffers at religious sentiment); atheists; idots and 
deranged persons. To these are added the immoral; the 
lecherous ; the disobedient to law, human and divine ; the 
indiscreet in confidential communications; the halt, maim, 
and blind ; the eunuch ; the parsimonious ; the contumacious ; 
the unintelligent ; the brawler, and the violent. Such per- 
sons are not alone debarred by ancient law, but by the very 
nature of Masonic attachments which present no permanent 
allurement or reward for them. 

The standard o£ perfection in Masonic material requires 
that the applicant for Masonic light shall have such senses, 
members, and powers as will enable him to give and to receive 
all the means of Masonic recognition, according to the strict- 
est Masonic forms. This standard applies to various parts of 
the bodi/y from sole to crown; to the mindj and to the heart. 



MEETINGS. 

(See Assemblages.) 



MEMBERSHIP. 

(See also, Honorary.) 

The members of the Lodge are those Master Masons who 
were concerned in its organization and named in the charter; 
or those who have been regularly raised to the sublime degree 
of a Master Mason therein ; or those who have been affiliated 
by unanimous vote, and signed the By-Laws, having first 
received the degree of a Master Mason in another Lodge. 

The membership of a Lodge should not, in general, exceed 
fifty or sixty : it will be found, indeed, that a smaller number 
than fifty suffices for all the proper purposes of the Craft. 
The best working Lodges in the land are rarely found to 
■exceed tbirty-five members each. The average of the entire 
catalogue of Lodges in the United States, is less than thirty- 
four. Whenever the membership of the Lodge becomes so 



318 MASONIC LAW, AND USAGE. 

extended iknt the Secretary can not regnlarly genre notices 
and collect dues from them; the Junior Warden supervise 
their conduct at refreshment; and the Master maintain a 
fatherly care over them, and dispense sympathy, counsel, 
praise, and hlame in due proportions, the Lodge is too large, 
and there is space for another. Those Lodges, of which there 
are many, whose rolls exceed one hundred, and even one 
hundred and fifty memhers each, however they may accumu- 
late funds, huild splendid halls, and make a magnificent dis- 
play in public, are actually accomplishing but a small and 
inferior part of the genuine purposes of Masonry. 

The membership of the Lodges (4600) in the United 
States and Canada, forms an aggregate approximating to 160,- 
000 Master Masons, divided into thirty-seven Grand Lodge 
jurisdictions. 

No Mason can be regularly a member of more than one 
Lodge at a time. It is, therefore, necessary, before he can 
change his affiliation, that he shall produce evidences in the 
form of a demit, of his having honorably withdrawn from a 
former Lodge, having first paid up all dues, and standing in 
good repute with the brethren. But it will not be improper for 
a Lodge to elect the Brother as a member, conditioned upon 
his producing his demit and signing the By-Laws. This 
plan is recommended as requiring not a moment's severance 
from the former Lodge. 

To perfect the contract of affiliation requires four acts. 1. 
The Brother petitions the Lodge for affiliation, accompanying 
the petition by the requisite fee. 2. The Lodge refers the 
request to a Committee, with ample time and powers to make 
thorough inquiry into the applicant's character and standing. 
3. The Lodge, at a stated meeting, elects him by secret, unan- 
imous ballot. 4. The Brother signs the By-Laws of the 
Lodge. Many Lodges omit the fourth link in this chain, 
but it is best maintained entire. 

The system of Honorary membership, prevalent in foreign 
countries, is being extensively introduced into this country 
with most favorable results. It differs from ordinary mem« 
bership in these points: 1. The application is made by some 
Brother of the Lodge and not by the member to be affiliated. 
2. The grounds of affiliation are not a residence within ihe 
jurisdiction, but honorable, zealous, and devoted services to 



MASONIC LAW AND USAQE. 349 

the Masonic Order at large. 3. No fee accompanies the 
application, nor are any charges made upon an Honorary 
member. 4. It is not necessary he should sign the By-Laws 
of the Lodge. 5. An Honorary member is not under the dis- 
cipline of the Lodge for misconduct. 6. The connection of 
an Honorary member with the Lodge may be severed by a 
majority vote of the Lodge, or by the expressed wish of the 
member himself. 



MINUTE-BOOK. 

(See Secretary.) 



MONITOR. 

(See also Hand-Books; Manuals.) 

A publication in which the exoteric doctrines and practices 
of Masonry are arranged to accord with the esoteric portions 
styled the Ritual^ is termed a Monitor or Hand-Book, 

All the Charts, Hand-Books, Monitors, etc., .are derived 
from the first or Webb's Monitor (1797), and exhibit such 
resemblances to that and to one another as to be used inter- 
changeably in the Lodges. {See Ritual.') 

An expert Master will never exhibit his Monitor while in- 
structing the younger brethren or the Lodge. All the moni- 
torial passages will be carefully committed to memory and 
fitted properly, each to each, with the corresponding portions 
of the Ritual, and so delivered with the impressiveness of an 
extemporaneous oration. The same injunction is given as to 
the public ceremonies of the Order. 



MUSIC. 

The use of odes and instrumental music in the work of 
Masonry, formerly so prevalent in the Lodges of America, is 
being resumed with the best results. A good collection of 
Odes for this purpose is offered in the present volume. 



360 M ASONIO LAW AND USAQV. 

NON-AFFILIATION. 

(Sm alBO Affiliation ; Discipline ; and Withdrawal.) 

The severanoe of the connection between the Master MaBon 
and his Lodge, a connection vitally important to his Masonic 
character and usefulness, and urgently required by the "An- 
cient Charges,'^ is denominated non-affiliation. It is a great 
evil, and has done more in modern times to dishonor the Ma- 
sonic institution and weaken the bonds of the Masonic cove- 
nant than any other innovation known to us. In many 
places, the numbers of non-affiliating Masons equal those of 
the affiliated, thus crushing the latter under such dead weights 
as to render it morally impossible for them to carry on the 
Masonic building with success. 

Non-affiliation should be discouraged by every means at 
the command of the Order. Orand Lodges should fulminate 
decrees against it, forbidding any Masonic benefits or atten- 
tions being bestowed on non -affiliating Masons living, and 
any Masonic honors when dead. The By-Laws and usages of 
Subordinate Lodges should pointedly discountenance them 
while in that condition, at the same time presenting every 
allurement to them tore-affiliate. They should be forbidden 
to visit the Lodge more than once or twice. They should not 
be admitted to the public demonstrations of the Order, its 
festivals, funerals, etc., under any circumstances, or aided from 
the Lodge funds, or introduced to Masons as brethren. They 
are Masonieally outlaws while in their voluntary condition of 
estrangement, and should be treated as such. 

It is lawful and proper to solicit them to affiliate with the 
Lodge. 

A fee of $5, or tlO might with propriety be charged for a 
Demit. 

There is no lawful reason for a Brother demitting from the 
Lodge except to unite himself immediately with another. 

A Brother removing his residence to another jurisdiction 
should not withdraw from his former Lodge until he has dis- 
covered that there is a Lodge at a convenient distance from 
his new residence, and that it is composed of such materials 
as he can with pleasure associate with. It would be well even 
then to defer demitting until he has petitioned and been elected 
by the Lodge as a member. A Lodge may elect an applicant 



MASONIO LAW AND ITSAQB. 351 

nnder those oiroumstanoes to membership, contingent upon his 
afterward producing a Demit from his former Lodge. 

Thus a zealous, intelligent Brother will never for a tingle 
moment be in a state of withdrawal from a Lodge ; but from 
the evening of his initiation to the day of death, be in the full 
enjoyment of the privileges, pleasures and honors of the Koyal 
Craft. 

A Demit should only be granted by the Lodge, and in the 
form of a regular action upon the following petition : 

Date. 
*' To the Master, Warden and Brethren of Lodge, 

No. 

The undersigned respectfully asks leave to withdraw from 
the membership of this Lodge. His reasons for this request 
are 

Signed 

This paper should be carefully preserved by the Secretary, 
and filed in the Archives of the Lodge. It need not be re- 
ferred to a committee, but may be acted upon peremptorily by 
the Lodge. A majority vote would suffice to grant the request. 

If granted, tlie entry of the fact constitutes the Dernity and 
from that meeting the tie of affiliation is severed. Should the 
Brother afterward desire to return, he can only do so as any 
other applicant, viz., by regular petition, to be referred to a 
committee, to lie over a certain period, and be granted only 
by secret and unanimous ballot. 

If the Brother asks for a copy of the record of Demit, the 
Secretary grants one in the following form : 

" Hall op Lodge, No. 

Date. 

This is to certify that Brother A B , a Master Ma- 
son, and a member of this Lodge, having paid up all dues and 
charges against him, and being in good standing in the Lodge, 
has this day, by order of the Lodge, been permitted to with- 
draw from the same. 

By order, 

(Seal.) C D , Secretary." 

If the Lodge has no seal, the Secretary may authenticate 
the document by his private seal. 



352 MASONIO LAW AND USAGE. 

An Entered Apprentice or Fellow-crafb, changing his resi- 
dence as aforesaid, may, by his own and the consent of his 
former Lodge, be transferred to the care, good will and gov- 
ernment of the Lodge nearest his new home. A certificate 
may be granted him in the following form : 

"Hall OF Lodge, No. 

Date. 

By order of the Lodge, and at the his own request, Brother 

A B , an Entered Apprentice (or Fellow-craft), has 

this day been transferred to the care, good will and govern- 
ment of Lodge, No. at he 
having made good proficiency in his degree (or degrees), and 
exemplified the exalted virtues of the Royal Art during the 
period of his connection with us. 

By order of the Lodge, 

(Seal.) C D , Secretary." 

A non-affiliating Mason is as much under the control of 
the Lodge in whose jurisdiction he resides or sojourns, as to 
moral conduct and behavior, as though he were affiliated^ 
while he is in effect deprived of all its privileges. All the 
offenses enumerated in the disciplinary code of the institution 
are doubly offenses in him, because he evinces none of the 
virtues of obedience, industry and charity, which are exempli- 
fied in the conduct of affiliating Masons. Upon trial for 
unmasonic conduct, therefore, he labors under a peculiar dis- 
ability. This is one of the penalties of his withdrawal. In 
practice, it is found, therefore, that the forgiving spirit of the 
fraternity which pardons almost every offense in a repentant, 
humbled Brother has but little exercise in the case of non- 
affiliating Masons. 

The condition of protracted non -affiliation, in its results, 
is nearly equivalent to a total severance from Freemasonry. 
It being impossible for a Mason to display the virtues and merits 
of the Order when forbidden to share in its privileges, such an 
one becomes in process of time indifferent. He violates the 
secresy of Masonry because he has forgotten what portions of 
Masonry are secret. He passes the distressed Mason without 
recognition, for his memory has lost the means of recognition; 
even those signs and words, so solemnly interwoven into his 
covenant, have lost their force to him. He fails to rebuke an 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 353 

erring Brother, or to givo to a Brother in danger a timely 
warning. His evil inclinations spare not those who are bound 
to him by indissoluble ties ; nor is the helpless widow and 
orphan daughter, who trusted in him for his Masonry's sake, 
preserved from the curse of his lusts. As years pass, the 
memory of his Masonic connection fades away from his mind ; 
the new generation of Masons entirely forgets that he was ever 
a Brother among them, and he goes to his grave as one freed 
from the ties of brotherhood. None but God and the Record- 
ing Angel remember that he was ever bound in a covenant 
stronger to an honorable mind than chains of brass and fet- 
ters of iron I To the Great Tribunal above will he respond to 
the inquiry, Who dissolved for thee this indissoluble bond? 



NOTICES. 
(See Summons.) 



OBLIGATION. . 

( Sec Covenant.) 

The spirit of all Masonic obligations or covenants may be 
found in the ancient fragments of Masonic law and usage, an- 
terior to or included in the Ancient Charges, published by the 
Grand Lodge of England, in 1723. The applicant for Ma- 
sonic light may safely believe that he will never be required to 
assume any covenant whose spirit and intention can not be 
found in those publications, open to all. 



OFFICERS. 

(See Grand Master; Master, etc.) 

Freemasonry is, to some extent, a system of offices. There is 
a regular chain of authority and responsibility stretching from 
the Grand Master in the Grand Lodge, down to the Tyler of 
a Subordinate Lodge. 

The Ti/ltr is responsible that none enter unless in due garb 
and with the Master's permission. The Junior Deacon that 
none retire without due permission and salutation. The Senior 
Z?caro7i that candidates be duly prepared, received and conduct- 
ed, visiting brethren duly welcomed, etc., and the Master's will 
31 



354 MASONIC LAW AND USAQE. 

in general obeyed. The Secretary that the records be faithfully 
kept, and the income of the Lodge promptly collected. The 
Treasurer that the Lodge funds be securely preserved accord- 
ing to its will. The Junior Warden that the moral and social 
laws of Masonry be duly regarded by the brethren, when out 
of the Lodge. The Senior Warden that the Master hare 
ample aid and counsel when required, and the Lodge be gov- 
erned in his absence. The Matter that the By-Laws of the 
Lodge and the Constitutions of the Grand Lodge be strictly 
obeyed, the work correctly and impressively performed, the 
charter, records, and property of the Lodge preserved, a due 
representation of the Lodge had at every Communication of 
the Grand Lodge, discipline exercised upon erring members, 
due honors paid the faithful deceased Brothers, and the peace 
and harmony of the mystic work maintained. Over all this, 
in ten, a hundred, or five hundred Lodges, as the case may be, 
stands the Grand Master, 



OUTLAWED. 

(See Materials.) 



PARSIMONY. 

(See Beneyolence; Discipline.) 



PASSING. 

(See Fellow Craft) 

The ceremony of induction into the second degree of Ma- 
sonry, symbolically expressed as " conducting the candidate 
into the middle chamber of King Solomon's Temple,'* is 
styled pamngi The conductor is the Senior Deacon. The 
instructors, the Master and Wardens. 

The ceremony of passing is highly instructive, as a peru- 
sal of the monitorial passages under the head of Fellow- 
craft, in the earlier part of this volume, will show. 



MASONIO LAW AND USAGE. 356 

PAST MASTERS. 

(See Membership.) 

A Brother elected bj his Lodge to preside over them as 
Master, is required bj those who are serving or who have here- 
tofore served in that capacity^ to enter into peculiar covenants 
and engagements before his installation. The whole is styled 
the Degree or Order of Past Master, which is fully described 
under that head in an early part of this volume. 



PROCESSION. 

(See alsOf Labor.) 

The public appearance of the fraternity in Masonic cloth- 
ing and emblems it described under this head. It is lawful for 
a Lodge, by Dispensation from the Grand Master (or without 
it, if the usage of the jurisdiction allows), to appear in pub- 
lic at the burial of worthy deceased Master Masons, at the 
laying of corner-stones of Masonic edifices, at the dedication 
of Masonic edifices, and at the installation of the officers of 
the Lodge or Grand Lodge. 

A public procession must be conducted with all the deco- 
rum and strictness of a tyled Lodge. A marshal specially 
appointed by the Master to preserve order, is the medium of 
communication between that officer and his members, and 
takes public control of the proceedings. None but Masons 
can enter a procession as such. The admission of other soci- 
eties, by whatever name distinguished, is a gross infraction of 
Masonic principle. A place is found at the laying of cor- 
ner-stones for the chief magistrates, etc., but not as associ- 
ates in an affiliated institution. 

None can enter a procession when formed, except by per- 
mission from the Master, demanded with the same formality 
as in a tyled Lodge ; and none retire without the same for- 
mality of asking and receiving. 



RAISING. 
( See Master Mason. ) 

The ceremony of induction into the third degree of Ma- 
sonry, symbolically expressed as '' introducing the candidate 



356 MASONIO LAW AND USAGE. 

into the sanctum sanctorum of King Solomon's Temple," is 
stjled Raising. The conductor is the Senior Deacon. The 
instructors are the Master and Wardens. 

The ceremony of raising is solemn, and rightly appreciated, 
sublime. The most important problems of human destiny 
are considered ; death, interment, the resurrection of the body, 
and the immortality of the soul arrest by turns the attention, 
and are rationally applied to the present improvement of 
the heart. 



RECOGNITION. 

(See Signs ; Words. ) 

Freemasons possess in their ancient mysteries infallible 
means of recognition. These consist of signs, tokens, 
words, and points of entrance. They are unchangeable, con- 
sistent with each other and with a general plan, and form a 
part of the nstruction communicated to every Brother upon 
his reception into the several degrees. A visitor endeavoring 
to enter a Lodge without a competent knowledge of these, 
must be viewed as an impostor. A visitor possessing them in 
perfection, must be hailed as a Brother, and welcomed ac- 
cordingly. 



REFRESHMENT. 

(See Labor.) 

The term Refreshment in Masonry implies cessation from 
Labor, The Labor of the Fraternity is all that is done 
strictly as Masons, whether in or out of the hall, and includes 
the opening and closing of Lodges, conferring degrees, exer- 
cising discipline, burying the dead, laying corner-stones, ded- 
icating Masonic edifices, public installation of officers, etc. 
Refreshment refers to the conduct of the brethren at other 
periods. 

The behavior of Masons while at Refreshment is under the 
special supervision of the Junior Warden, who is required to 
counsel, direct, rebuke and prefer charges, as necessity 
may demand. The elevation of his official column during 
the period of Refreshment^ indicates to the Craft his duty. 

A revival of the time-honored practice of dispensing the 



MASONIC LAW AND USAQE. 357 

tangible refreshments of food and drink to the Brethren after 
labor, of which the other is typical, is happily on foot in the 
United States. 



REGULATIONS. 

(Sec By-Laws ; Edicts ; Rules.) 

Such Masonic rules as arc of a standing and general char- 
acter, are usually denominated rcgulatums ; but there is little 
difference in the Masonic meaning of the various terms, rules, 
edicts, regulations and commands. 

No regulation of a Grand or Subordinate Lodge is binding 
upon a Brother, unless it be accordant with the ancient land- 
murks, as presented in the Constitution of his Grand Lodge, 
and the old charges, Constitutions, etc., of the Order. 

The regulations of Subordinate Lodges, so far as they can 
be prudently committed to writing, are found in the By-Laws, 
which are usually printed and published for general distri- 
bution. 



RELIEF. 

( See Charity, etc. ) 

This is one of the three principal tenets of Masonry, and 
beautifully illustrated in the history of every true Mason. 
The measure of relief to be bestowed is, ^^ the necessity of the 
applicant and the ability of the giver.'' 



RELIGION. 

(See Chaplain; Blasphemy; Discipline; Scriptures.) 

The meeting of a Masonic Lodge is Htrictly a religious cer- 
emony. The religious tenets of M.asonry are few, simple, but 
fundamental. The candidate must profess a belief in Deity 
before initiation. The intimate and continued use of the 
Holy Scriptures, which are described in the lectures of the 
Apprentice, as '* the rule of faith," **the inestimable gift of 
God to man," " the vertex of the circle," etc., demands faith 
in their Divine authenticity. Reverence to the name of De- 
ity is taught in the lecture to the Fellow-craft, by the most 



358 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

impressive ceremonial, and the Apprentice is charged never 
to utter that name " but with that reverence due from the crea- 
ture to the Creator." 

No Lodge or Masonic assembly can be regularly opened or 
closed without prayer. The Holy Scriptures is an essential 
part of the furniture of the Lodge, without which no work 
can be done or instruction imparted. A copy of the S<Tip- 
tures is symbolically held between or under a Mason's hands 
at all times. 

Blasphemy ranks among the most heinous offenses in the 
disciplinary code of Freemasonry. While in itself inexcu- 
sable, being performed without temptation, profit or pleasure, 
it strikes directly at the root of all religion, and is fatal to alL 

So broad is the religion of Masonry, and so carefully are 
all sectarian tenets excluded from the system, that the Christ- 
ian, the Jew, and the Mohammedan, in all their numberless 
sects and divisions, may and do harmoniously combine in its 
moral and intellectual work with the Buddhist, the Parsee, 
the Confucian, and the worshiper of Deity under every form. 
The ten commandments, or their equivalent, embrace the gist 
of the Masonic religion, and whatever system of faith con- 
tains them, without any thing that contravenes them, accords 
with the Masonic. 

The dedication of Lodges in a large part of the Masonic 
world, is to the Saints John, not in their Christian so much 
as in their Masonic and moral character ; in another large 
part, Lodges are dedicated to King Solomon, not in honor to 
his Jewish fame, but as the great founder of symbolical 
Masonry. 

Prayers in Masonic Lodges should be of a general charac- 
ter, containing nothing offensive to any class of conscientious 
Brethren. In theory, the whole world of Masons is supposed 
to be present at every meeting of every Lodge, and the in- 
struction, moral and religious, should be directed accord- 
ingly. 

Passages of Scripture are read, or paraphrases sung during 
the conferring of the several degrees. The selections usually 
made (although this matter is in the province of the Master), 
are, for the first degree, Psalm 133d ; for the second, a por- 
tion of Amos, 7th chapter ; for the third, a portion of Eccle- 
siastes, 12th chapter, and extracts from the Book of Job. 



MASONIC LAW AND USAQE. 359 

Forms of prayers are inserted io many of the handbooks, 
designed for the convenience of the Master. One founded 
upon passages in the Book of Job, and used in the ceremony 
of Eaising, is peculiarly sublime. Another, prepared for the 
ceremony of Initiation, is highly appropriate. Others framed 
for funeral purposes, etc., may be found useful. 



REPRIMAND. 

(See also Discipline, etc.) 
The third and lowest grade of punishment known to Free- 
masonry. It is inflicted after fair trial (see Discipline), by 
the Master in open Lodge. An appeal from the sentence of 
the Lodge will not release the accused from the penalty of 
reprimand, and should he refuse to appear and receive it, he 
must be expelled for contumacy, one of the highest offenses 
in the Masonic code. 



RITUALS. 

The ritual of esoteric Masonry in common use in the United 
States is that which was arranged by Thomas Smith Webb, 
(deceased July, 1819), from the formulas of Wm? Preston. 
It embraces, in the Blue Lodge degrees, a lecture for each. 
That of the Apprentice is in three sections^ the Jirst rehears- 
ing the ceremonies of initiation ; the second being rationally 
explanatory of the first ; the third affording a description of 
the Lodge and its appendages and the principles and duties 
of Masons. That of the Fellow Craft is in two sections. 
That of the Master Mason is likewise in two. The whole is 
given in 301 paragraphs or responses. 

The language of the Wehb Ritual is old and quaint, but 
exceedingly well chosen and beautiful. The various attempts 
to amend it have proved like '^ the putting of new cloth upon 
an old garment " whereby both are marred. The resulto of 
this tinkering have been confusion in the work, discourage- 
ment to learners, difficulty in recognizing and being recogni- 
zed, and encouragement to mercenary illiterate men who have 
fattened upon the Fraternity. Every well-meaning Brother 
should set himself resolutely to the task of casting aside all local 



360 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

rituals as worse than useless and returning to that of Webb, 
while yet it may be had in pristine beauty and perfection. 

The ritual of Pennsylvania differs essentially from that of 
Webb. The ritual of many of the Canadian Lod^res is the 
arrangement of Dr. Henning and others, adopted in 1813, by 
the United Grand Lodge of England; it differs seriously from 
that of Preston and Webb. 

A knowledge of the ritual of Masonry can only be acquired 
orally, no written exposition being made or allowed, liym.' 
bols, emblems and aids to the memory are however per- 
mitted in the cautious form invented by the old lecturers, and 
transmitted to the present day. An intelligent use of Masonic 
emblems alone will develop almost every esoteric lesson and 
tradition in Masonry. (See symbols). The monitors, man- 
uals, etc., are arranged mnemonically, and afford to the expert 
Mason a great help in imparting instruction. 

No Mason can with propriety apply to the door of a Lodge 
as a visitor, before acquainting himself with the whole or a 
considerable portion of the esoteric ritual of Masonry, as this 
embraces all the means of recognition and is the acknowl- 
edged passport of the Order wherever Masonry is practiced. 
A slight variation in language ought not to subject the visitor 
to dismission. The examining committee should let him pro- 
ceed and when his proof is ended^ judge of his examination 
as a wlwle. 



RULES. 

(See Bj-Laws; Constitutions; Edicts.) 

The rules of Lodges, whether Grand or Subordinate, so far 
as they can be committed to writing arc usually found in the 
By-Laws of Subordinates, and in the printed proceedings of 
Grand Lodges respectively. 

No rule promulgated by a Masonic Lodge is obligatory 
upon the members unless it accords with the Constituiion of 
the Grand Lodge and the Ancient Charges and Constitutions 
of the Fraternity. 



MA8ONI0 LAW AND USAGE. 361 

SCRIPTURES. 

^See Chaplain ; Ileligion.) 

Certain passages of Scripture are read or paraphrases 
sung during the ceremony of initiating, passing and raising. 
Those for initiation are the 133d Psalm. For passing, a por- 
tion of the 7th Chapter of Amos ; for raising, a portion of the 
12th Chapter of Ecclesiastes and passages from the Book of 
Job. Selections at the discretion of the Master may be used 
at cpcnin<; and closing of the Lodge, and at the public and 
private demonstrations of the Order. The Sacred Record is 
so richly filled with appropriate gems for the moral and reli- 
gious work of Masonry that the only embarrassment is that 
of selection. Mottoes from Scripture should adorn the walls 
of the Lodge on every side. 

The following from the private manuscripts of Thomas 
Smith Webb, is u list of those quotations peculiarly suited to 
Masonic uses and has never before been published : 

Genesis. — i:l-3; ii:7, 9; iii:7, 22; iv: 22; xv: 17; xvii : 

1; xviii: 19; xxviii: 3,12; xxix: 11; xxxviii: 29,30; 

xlviii: 3,4; xlix : 10,28. 
Bcodns.—ii: 16, 18; iii : 1, 6, 14; iv : 1-9; vi : 2, 3; 

vii: 19,20; xii: 6; xiv: 14-25; xv : 21; xviii: 6; 

xix: 0-21; xx: 18-26; xxiv: 12-18; xxviii: 1, 

43; xxix: 5,9; xxx:l,23, 38; xxxi:l, 11; xxxiii : 

9,12; XXXV : 15, 23, 27, 38; xxxix : 1, 9,14-43; 

xl : 14, 15, 35-38. 
Leviticus. — vi: 10; viii: 7-10; x: 11,16,24; xix, 12,13, 

17; xxiii: 42,43. 
mmhers.—in: 6-10; iv : 6; vi: 23,24; viii: 7-9; x: 2; 

xi: 17,25,28; xii: 10; xxvii : 18,23; xxix: 1. 
Deuteronomy.— i : 30; iii: 28,29; iv : 9-12,36,39; v: 5; 

xxiii: 3, 23; xxii : 9, 14, 15; xxvii: 4-6; xxviii: 22, 

23; XXX : 4 ; xxxi: 6, 8; xxxiii : 8-10, 15, 16 ; xxxiv : 

6, 9; xii : 5. 
Joshua.— i: 5,9; ii : 11,12; iii: 18-24; v: 13,15; ix : 

20, 27 ; xxiv : 25-27. 
Judges. — v: 4, 5, 23; vi : 24; xii: 5, 6; xxviii: 18. 
1«/. Samuel. — vi : 18, 19; x: 5, 10; xvi : 11, 13, 18. 
2d Samuel— y\i : 1-7, 9, 29; xii : 24. 



362 MASONIC LAW AND USAQB. 

l8t Kings.— ii: 4; iii : 11-13; iv: 1-12, 36; vi: 1-22; viii: 

1, 13, 14; ix : 1-13, 27, 28; xix : 8. 
2d Kings. — xiv : 13, 14 ; xxi : 12, 13 ; xxiii : 24, 25 ; xxiv : 

13-15; XXV : 8-10,17. 
Ut Chro7i.—iii: 17, 19; iv : 14; vi : 13, 22; viii: 12; 

ix: 11-44; xii: 18; xvi : 4-7; xxiii: 1-32; xxiv: 

8, 9, 14 ; xxvi : 20-32. 
2d Chron.—i: 1-17; ii: 1-18; iii: 1-17; iv: 1-22; v: 1- 

14; vi: 1-19; xxiii: 1, 15; xxiv: 1, 26; xxvi: 9, 10, 

16, 19; xxvii: 1-^; xxix: 1-6; xxxiii: 4, 5, 11-13; 

xxxiv: 12. 
Ezra.— I \ 1-11; ii : 26-70; iii: 1-13; iv: 1-24; v: 1-17; 

vi : 1-28 ; vii : 1-28 ; viii : 1-36. 
Esther.— 1 : 14; ix: 19, 22. 
Job. — XX : 6 ; xxxiii : 25. 
Neh^iah.—i'. 1-11; ii: 1-20; iii: 1-30; iv: 1-23; v: 1- 

19; vii: 1-70; viii: 1-18; xi: 1-36; xii: 1-47; 

xiii: 1-73. 
PsahM. — XXX ; Ixxiv: 9; Ixxvii: 20; Ixxviii: 4-6; Ixxxvi: 

8, 10 ; c : 4 ; cxviii : 22 ; cxxxii : 12 ; cxxxv : 13 ; 

cxxxix : 7, 8 ; Ixix : 27, 28. 
Ruth,— ii: 11, 12, 19; iv: 7-17. 
Ecclesiastes. — x: 6. 

Song of Solomon. — iii : 7-11 ; iv : 12-16 ; v : 12-16. 
Lamentations. — ii : 7-10 ; iv : 20. 
Isaiah. — i : 17 ; ii : 2, 3 ; iv : 1-9 ; vii: 14 ; viii, ix : 61 ; xi : 

1-3,9-12; xii: 1-6; xvi: 5; xix: 12; xxi: 8,9: 

xxviii: 16,17; xxix: 8-10; xxxiv: 11-14; xii: 1- 

10; xlv: 11-13, 21; xlvii : 12,13;^ liii : 1-12; Iv: 

10, 11 ; 10, 14; Ixiii: 9-19; Ixvi: 1, 2, 5, 6. 

Jeremiah.— i: 6-9; ii : 6; x: 6-9; xx: 11-13; xxiii: 5,6, 

24 ; xxxi : 12, 40 ; xxxii : 17, 21 ; xxxiii: 6, 7, 14-17 ; 

xlix: 16,19,30,39; Ii : 53; Hi: 20-24. 
Ezehiel—xix : 11; xxvi: 12-16; xliv: 1-19. 
Daniel— iv: 8; ix: 15,22-27; x: 4,5; xii: 1-10. 
Obadiah.—i : 17-19. 

Joel—i : 13-16 ; ii : 1-3, 15-18, 20, 21. 
Nalium. — i : 15. 

Zcphaniah.—i : 10; ii : 13,14; iii: 2-4. 
IIosea.~xii: 6-9; xiii: 4-9; xiv: 1. 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 3G3 

Amos, — vii : 7, 8 ; viii : 1-3 ; ix : 2, 3. 

MicaL—i: 1-4; ii : 7,12,13; iii: 10,12; iv : 1,2,7,8; v: 

2-5, 7. 
irahaH'uk,—n : 20 ; iii : 2-4. 
Zachariah.—i : 13-21; ii: 1-13; iii: 1-10; iv: 9,10,14; 

vi: 9-15; viii : 1-12 ; ix: 9; xiv: 11, 12, 20, 21. 
Malaclii. — ii : 11, 12 ; iii : 1-6 ; iv : 4. 
Ut E$dras.—\: 1-5; ii : 1-30; iv: 42-63; v: 39-73; vi: 

1-36; vii: 1-15; viii: 1-64. 
Tohit—i: 3,4; iv: 13,14; v: 1-16. 
2d IMras.—\ : 38-40 ; ii : 38-40 ; vii : 36-38 ; viii : 52 ; x : 

19-22 ; xiv : 1-9, 45-48. 
Judith.— \ : 1-^ ; viii : 24, 25 ; x : 20-22. 
Wisdom, — ix : 7-9 ; x : 4 ; xi : 14. 
Uccl€siast€s,—iy : 9,10-16; v: 1-22. 
Baruch.—! : 1-8 ; ii : 34, 35 ; ii : 23, 24 ; iv : 14-16, 36-37 ; 

v: 5. 
l$t Maccabees.— Yi : 62 ; vii : 33-38 ; xxiv : 25-29. 
2d Maccabees, — ii : 8 ; x : 1-3. 
MattheuD.—i : 22, 23 ; iv : 2 ; v : 33-37 ; x : 26, 27 ; xi : 15 ; 

xiii: 9-13; xv: 14; xvi : 17-19; xviii: 15-20; xxi : 

24, 42 ; xxii : 32 ; xxiii : 16-32 ; xxiv : 27 ; xxvii : 

45-51. 
Mark.— iy : 11, 12, 22 ; xii : 2% 27 ; xv : 37, 38. 
Luke. — i : 17, 32, 33 ; viii : 10 ; xii : 2, 3 ; xvii : 3, 4 ; xx : 

36, 37 ; xxiii : 44, 45 ; xxiv : 27. 
John. — i : 1-45 ; v : 1, 2 ; xii : 38-41 ; xvii : 8-12 ; xxi : 

1,2. 
Acts.— iy: 11; vii: 30-33,48,49; xvii: 24,25; xx : 28; 

xxviii: 26,27. 
Romans. — ix : 31-33 ; x : 3 ; xi : 6-8 ; xv : 7-9. 
1st Corinthians. — i : 30, 31 ; ii : 10, 17, to the end; iii : 9-17 ; 

v: 2-12; ix: 15. 
2d Corinthians. — i : 20 ; iii : 7 ; iv : 6 ; v : 1 ; vi : 10-15 ; 

viii : 22, 23. 
Galatians.—iy : 23-27 ; v : 13 ; vi : 1-6. 
Ephesians.—i : 6-10 ] ii : 8-10,21,22; v: 11. 
Philippians. — iii : 3-7. 
Colossians. — iv: 3-5. 
\st Thessalonians. — iv: 9,10. 
2dTh€SsaIonians.— iii: 5-10; v: 20-22. 



364 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

Ut Timothy,— \\\\ 5-10 ; v: 20-22. 

2d Timofhy. — ii: 4-6. 

Titus. — i : 15. 

Philemon. — i : 13-16. 

Hebrews. — iii : 1-6 ; iv : 14-16 ; vi : 19, 20; vii : 20, 21 ; viii : 

1-6 ; ix : 1-6, 11 ; xi : 16 ; xii : 18-26 ; xiii : 6-8. 
1st Peter.— i: 19; ii : 4-9. 
2d Peter.— i: 10,11; ii: 10,11. 
Revelations.— \: 4, 5, 8, 12; ii : 7, 11, 17, 29 ; iii : 1, 6, 7, 12 ; 

iv: 5,8; v : 6, 9 ; xi: 10, 17; xii: 7; xiii : 9, 22; 

xiv : 18 ; xviii : 2 ; xix : 12 ; xx : 14 ; xxi : 2, 6, 8, 

10 ; xxii : 13, 14. 
Leviticus. — xviii : 72. 
Exodus. — iii : 5. 



SEAL. 



The official Seal of the Lodge should contain its name, date 
of organization, and some Masonic device. No Lodge docu- 
ment possesses any authority without a Seal ; if taken into 
consideration by another Lodge, it can only be from an ex- 
aggerated sense of Masonic courtesy. 



SECRET-BREAKING. 

(See Discipline.) 



SECRETARY. 

(See Officers; Archives, etc.) 

The office of Secretary is one of the most important in the 
Masonic system. He is the historian of the Order; what the 
Lodge does is nothing unless recorded. The Secretary perpet- 
uates the proceedings of the Craft. In the financials of the 
Lodge, he bears an equally important part ; what is dne the 
Lodge is nothing unless collected \ the Secretary is the col- 
lector. The Lodge that has secured a good Secretary, and 
retains him a term of years in office, until he is familiar with 
its finances and history, gains in every relation, whether to the 
community, the Grand Lodge, or the Craft universal. 

The specific duties of the Secretary involve much labor in 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 365 

the intermissioDs, such as the collectioD of dues, taking evi- 
dence in trials, managinp: thecoire^pondeuce, etc. It is there- 
fore proper that he should have a pecuniary compensation for 
his services, and this ranges in the various Lodges through the 
country, from six dollars per annum to sixty. But for the 
mere labor of keeping the minutes of stated meetings, no com- 
pensation ought to be allowed him. 

The archives of the Lodge are in the keeping of the Secre- 
tary. He needs, therefore, a secure cabinet or chest. He is, 
ex-officio, its Librarian. 

The following is a convenient form for a Minute Book: 

Elephantus Lodge, No. 65, Valley Forge, Ky., met at the 
Masonic Hall, in Stated Communication, January 16, 1854, at 
7 P. M. The Lodge was opened in the Third Degree of 
Masonry. 

Comment. — 1 If the meeting is not a stated one, say in the 
caption, ** At vl called Communication," etc., and specify the 
purpose of the call. If for a funeral celebration, it should 
read, " Called by the order of the Worshipful Master, for the 
purpose of paying the last tokens of respect to the memory of 
our deceased Brother, Charles Wellen," etc. The Master of 
the Lodge has the unrestricted privilege of calling his Lodge, 
at any time, when there shall appear to him an emergent occa- 
sion, but the purpose of the meeting must be stated in the 
summons and in the caption of the minutes, and no business 
must be done at said meeting, save that which was specified in 
^hc same. 2. Leave a line blank between each entry all 
Ijhrough the record. 

Officers present. A B , W. M. ; C D , S. W. ; 

E F , J. W. ; G H , Tr. ; I J , Sec'y ; 

K L , S. D. ; M N , J. D. ; P , 

S. and T. 

Comment. — 1. Underscore the words third degree, or 
whatever degree you are opening in, so as to be able to find 
those words easily in looking over your records at some future 
time. 2. Leave a margin on the inner side of each page in 
the record, of about an inch and a half, in which insert, in 
brief words, index notes or synopses of paragraphs, on the plan 
of Law Books, which sec. This greatjy facilitates the after 



366 HASONIO LAW AND rSAGB. 

examination of a record, and more than doubles its value. 
3. If any regular officer is absent, write the letters P. T. (jyiro 
tempore), in capital letters, after the name of the temporary 
appointjee. 4. If your Lodge has a Steward, independently 
of the Tyler, add his name to the list of officers — so of the 
MaMter of Ceremonies, Chaplain, Organist, Architect, Orator, 
etc., if there are any. 5. Always write the Treasiirer's name 
before the Secretary's. He is installed first, ranked first in 
all processions, and occupies a higher station relative to the 
East. 

Members, Q R , S T , U V , 

W-.-^ X , Y Z. 

Visitors. — Jno. Smith, of Hover Lodge, No. 72, Hover, la. 
William Jones, of Carlotte Lodge, No. 240, Carlotte, Ky. 
Alex. Brown, of Morgan Lodge, No. 117, Elkton, Tenn. 
Chas. Lott, IcUe of Lott Lodge, No. 35, Iverton, Ky. 

Comment. — 1. In recording names of members present, 
commence with the (Masonically) oldest, and come down to 
the (Masonically) youngest. 2. In reco#ding names of visit- 
ing brethren, require them to pencil their addresses (name and 
locality of Lodge, etc., etc.) and band to you in writing. If 
non -affiliating (demitted) they will name the Lodge to which 
they were last attached, and you will append the word " late '* 
to their names, as in the form above. As brethren enter, 
after the Lodge is open, enter their names. 3. Many Lodges 
have a '* Visitor's Book," in the Tyler's room, in which all these 
things are entered. In this case the Secretary need not notice 
them. In these little duties the Secretary may have the aid 
of the Tyler, or some other Brother, if he desires it. 

The minutes of the last stated and the intermediate called 
meetings were read, approved by the Lodge, and signed by the 
W. M. 

Comment. 1. This is the first business of every stated 
meeting; required, usually, in the code of By-Laws, and essen- 
tial to the good management of the afiairs of the Lodge. No 
vote to dispense with this reading can be allowed. 2. The 
minutes must be amended, if erroneous, and then adopted, by 
majority vote, of members present. 3. They must be signed 
as well by the W. M. as by the Secretary. The Constitution 



MASONIO LAW AND USAGE. 367 

of tbe Grand Lodge of Kentucky, based upon the ConBtitu- 
tion of the Grand Lodge of Maryland, positively requires that 
the W. M. should sign the proceedings before they can be con- 
sidered valid. 4. If the meeting is a called one, it is not 
necessary to read the minutes of the last. 

The unfinished business of the last stated Communication 
was called up. The Lecture on the Third Degree, postponed 
at the raising of Brother Benjamin Lam, at the last stated 
Communication, was given in public by the W. M. 

Comment. — 1. There are various forms of "Order of Busi- 
ness " in use. The following is convenient : UnJinisJied Busi- 
nessj Reports of Committees^ Balloting^ Reception of Petitions, 
Motions, Work. But the " Order of Business *' may always 
be suspended by vote of the Lodge, and any portion omitted, 
renewed, etc., at pleasure. There is none of the sacredness 
about it that hangs around the By-Laws. 2. If the Secretary 
has been active, he has already made out and laid a slip upon 
the Master's pedestal, which contains a synopsis of all the un- 
finished business, from the records, with names of Committees, 
etc. This facilitates work in a remarkable degree. 

The Committee on the petition of Bro. Leonard Harris, for 
membership in this Lodge, reported favorable to the prayer of 
the petition. 

Resolved, That the Beport be received and the Committee 
discharged. 

The Committee on the petition of John Jackson, for initia- 
tion, reported unfavorably to the prayer of the petition. 

Resolved, That the Beport be received and the Committee 
discharged. 

The Committee on the Treasurer's account, for the preceding 
term, reported said account correct. 

Resolved, That the Beport be received and the Committee 
discharged. 

The Committee on the petition of Ebenezer Swift, for initia- 
tion, asked further time to make their Beport. 

Resolved, That one month further time be granted said Com- 
mittee as requested. 

The Committee on the account of Messrs. Landrum & Beers 
reported themselves as unable to agree as to its correctness, 



368 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

and asked to be discharged from furtli«r consideration of the 
same. 

Resolved^ That said Committee be discharged. 

Rfsohedj That Bros. Lovell, Vineyard, and Carricks, be a 
Committee on the account of Messrs. Landrum & Beers. 

Comment. — 1. It is better to have all Committees report in 
writing; but this is a matter of local regulation, and the Sec- 
retary can not control it. 2. Kverj Committee must make a 
report, either complete or partial, at the time appointed. An j 
one or more of the Committee, the rest being absent, may le- 
gally offer the report in the name of the whole. 3. Reports 
should be as short and concise as possible. 4. Written reports 
must be labeled, filed, and preserved by the Secretary, among 
the archives of the- Lodge. 

The ballot was spread on the petition of Bro. Leonard Har- 
ris for membership in this Lodge, and he was declared duly 
elected. 

The ballot was spread on the petition of John Jackson for 
initiation, and he was declared duly rejected. 

Comment. — When the Master has inspected the ballot, he 
announces the result to the Lodge, and afterward to the Secre- 
tary, with a special order to him to make a record of it. Until 
this is done the Secretary should not enter it upon paper. 

The petition of Constant Lane, for initiation, was read. 

Ersolocd, That said petition be received and referred to the 
usual Committee. 

Bros. Hope, Anderson, and Bcntley, were appointed said 
Committee. 

The petition of Bro. Seaver Owens, a Master Mason, late a 
member of Clarksville Lodge, No. 94, Missouri, for member- 
ship in this Lodge, was read. 

Re.aolctd^ That said petition be received and referred to the 
usual Committee. 

Bros. Oglethorpe, Tindall, and Orr, were appointed said 
Committee. 

Comment.— 1. The term "Usual Committee," refers to an 
injunction in the By-Laws, which requires, or ought to require, 
every petition, upon reception, to be referred to a Committee 
of three, who have a mouth to examine and report upon iL 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 369 

2. Unless the money accompanies the petition, the Secretary 
should not present it to the Lodge'. 3. Petitions should be 
read in the order they are handed to the Secretary. 4. No 
Lodge is obliged to receive a petition ; and when one is offered 
that is highly objectionable (as from a person whose character 
is notoriously bad), it may be laid on the table or directly re- 
fused, in which case it should be returned, with the accompa- 
nying fee, to the petitioner. 5. Money received by the Secre- 
tary, as a depositing fee, should not be paid over to the Treas- 
urer until after the candidate is initiated. 

Motions on general topics of Masonry were then called up. 

Resolved^ That an appropriation of three dollars be made 
to the widow of our deceased Brother, Andrew Bell. 

Resolved^ That this Lodge will have its next installation a 
public one. 

Resolved^ That the Worshipful Master be requested to ap- 
point a Committee to inquire into the out-standing difficulty 
between Brother Akers, of this Lodge, and a Brother of Troy 
Lodge, No. 63. 

The Worshipful Master appointed Bros. Burk, Marks, and 
Leonard, said Committee. 

Comment. — 1. Any motion for the good of Masonry is in 
order at this stage of the proceedings. Each must be in wri- 
ting, if required by the By-Laws, be seconded, and read either 
by the Master or Secretary. When the Master puts a question, 
he rises to his feet, all others being seated, declares the tenor 
of the question, and calls for an expression from the Lodge. 
The best mode of voting is by raising the hand — but taking the 
ayes and noes, viva voccy is most common in the West. 2. All 
who do not vote are counted in the affirmative. 3. The Mas- 
ter has only the casting vote, except when voting is done by 
ballot. This is general usage, though if the Master insists 
upon his vote, we know of no law that would deprive him of 
it. 4. The Master should not put a motion contrary to the 
By-Laws, to the Constitution of the Grand Lodge, or the body 
of Masonry. He must remember his pledge at installation : 
" It is not in the power of any man, or body of men, to make 
innovations in the body of Masonry." 5. Any motion may 
be re -con side red after it has been passed, and then withdrawn, 



370 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

in which case a corresponding entry must be made on the Rec- 
ord. 6. As a general rule, motions that are voted down need 
not be noticed on the Record. This does not apply to rejections 
by ballot, which must be noted and reported to the Grand 
Lodge. 

The Lodge of Master Masons was then called from labor to 
refreshment. 

A Lodge of Entered Apprentices was opened for the dis- 
patch of business. 

Simon P. Garrard was introduced and initiated in due and 
ancient form ; the Worshipful Master delivered the lecture in 
full. 

Comment. — 1; This latter clause is important. It is the 
Master's duty to give this lecture ; and should he fail to do it 
at the meeting in which the degree was conferred, the omis- 
sion should be entered on record, so that it can come up as 
^' unfinished business " at a subsequent meeting. 

Brother Constant White, on his application for the Fellow- 
craft's Degree, was examined as to his proficiency in the De- 
gree of Entered Apprentice. 

Comment. — 1. Every member of the Order is styled Brother 
in the Minutes. 2. This examination otighf to go through the 
three sections of the lecture — it must go as far as the usage of 
the Lodge, or the edict of the Grand Lodge may require. 

The Lodge of Entered Apprentices was called from labor to 
refreshment. 

Comment. — 1. The Lodge may be called off, as ' ere indica- 
ted, or closed^ just as the Master prefers. 2. No motion to 
close or call off is legal — when the work is done, or the hour 
arrives for closing, the Lodge is released. 

The Lodge of Master Masons was called from refreshment 
to labor. 

A Lodge of Fellow-crafts was opened for the dispatch of 
business. 

Brother Constant White was introduced and passed in due 
and ancient form ; the lecture on the Degree was postponed 
until the next stated meetins:. 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 371 

The Lodge of Fellow-crafts was called from labor to refresh- 
ment. 

The Lodge of Master Masons was called from refreshment 
to labor. 

Receipts of the meeting as follows : 

Brother John Jones, dues $0 50 

" 8. P. Farwell, dues, . - . . 1 00 

" C. White, fee for Fellow-craft Degree, - 5 00 

" S. P. Garrard, fee for E. A. P. Degree, - 10 00 



$16 50 
This amount paid to the Treasurer as per his receipt. 

Comment. — 1. Muney must not be retained in the Secreta- 
ry's hands beyond the hour of closing — it is sufficient grounds 
for a charge for unmasonic conduct against the Secretary if he 
docs it. 2. The receipts should be entered as well in the 
Becord as in the Dues Book of the Lodge. 

The Minutes of the meeting were read by the Secretary. 

No further business appearing, the Lodge of Master Masons, 
together with the two Subordinate Lodges, were closed at 10, 
P. M., in form, peace and harmony prevailing. 

M. M. NORVELL, W. M. 

V. Williamson, Scc'y. 

Comment. — 1. The hour of closing, as well as of opening, 
should always be specified. According to the ancient system, 
these hours were "from the vernal to the autumnal equinox, 
between the hours of seven and ten ; and from the autumnal 
to the vernal, six to nine." 



SIGNS. 
(See Recognition.) 



SLANDER. 

(See Discipline.) 



872 MASONIO LAW AMD USAGE. 

SOLICITATION. 

(See Discipline.) 

No solicitatioD to an outsider to become a Mason is lawful. 
Sucli an act is a breach of Masonic discipline. The appli- 
cant must declare in the ante-room before he can be initiated, 
that '^ he is unbiased by friends, and freely and voluntarily 
offers himself" 

But it is proper and commendable to solicit a non-affiliating 
Mason to return to the Order and take an active, honored and 
profitable part in the institution whose covenants he is com- 
pelled all his life to bear. 

STEWARDS. 

(See Officers.) 

In Lodges whose membership is large and whose trestle- 
board is rich with numerous and weighty designs, the duties 
of providing refreshments, preparing the candidates, cleans- 
ing the hall, furnishing fuel and lights, etc., which in general 
devolve upon the Tyler, are placed in the charge of two offi- 
cers appointed by the Junior Warden, styled Stewards. 

SUMMONSES. 

(See also Signs, etc.) 

All summonses whether of a general or special character 
ordered by the Lodge, must be certified under the hand and seal 
(if any) of the Secretary, and served by the Tyler or some other 
person selected for the purpose. Their tone must be peremp- 
tory. They must distinctly state the time and purpose of 
their issuance. Failure to obey a regular summons is a heinous 
offense in Masonry. (See Contumacy). 

SUSPENSIONS. 

(Sec also Discipline, etc. ) 

The second grade of punishment known to Freemasonry. 
It is always definite, that is for a stated period, and should be 
inflicted only after faithful counsel and rebuke. The limit 
of suspension as defined by general usage, is one year. 

Use is often made of this grade of punishment to coerce 
the payment of Lodge dues. In such cases^ after fair trials 



MASONIC LAW AND USAQE. 373 

as stated under the bead of '^ Discipline " the accased may be 
suspended until be pays the debt. In such case the power of 
restoration is in bis own bands. It is not lawful to expel for 
non-payment of dues, nor is there such a punishment known 
to Masonry as indefinite iuspension. 

The Lodge which suspends has it always in its power to 
restore. The proposal must be made at a stated meeting, lie 
over at least one month and receive a unanimous vote upon 
adoption. The Grand Lodge in no case can restore a sus- 
pended Brother to membership. 

The suspension of a Brother while it deprives him of every 
privilege with which bis Masonic attachments endowed him, 
leaves him bound by every part and point of bis Masonic cov- 
enant. The tie of Masons is perpetual. 



SYMBOLS. 

Those devices which are of universal application in Masonry, 
ancient in date and expressive of the secret doctrines and 
ceremonies of Masonry, are styled symbols or emblems. Every 
part of the arcana may be and has been taught in this man- 
ner. 



TITLES. 



But one title is common to Masons, viz.: ^^ Brother.'' A 
more formal epithet is applied to the Master of the Lodge, 
who is styled '* Worshipful.'* The oflScers of the Grand 
Lodge are styled " Most Worshipful," " Bight Worshipful," 
and " Worshipful " according to their grade. 



TRAVEL. 

(See also, Charter ; By-Laws ; Warrant, etc.) 

A Master Mason on his travels, has a right to visit every 
regular Lodge in his way. It is indeed both a privilege and a 
duty for him to do so ; for there is no other method of acqui- 
ring esoteric knowledge on a large scale but travel. Every 
well-regulated Lodge will have a seat and a welcome for him ; 
every intelligent Brother a hand and words of greeting. 



374 MASONIC LAW AMD USAGE. 

To secure this greeting and this welcome, the traveling 
Brother must have '*the pass of King Solomon." He must 
be at least in outward semblance mentally, morally and phys- 
ically perfect (?ee Materials). If his limbs are mutilated, or 
his senses deficient, so that he can not give and receive all the 
Mascnic means of recognition in the ancient Masonic manner, he 
IB physically im'peTfecty and can not visit the Lodge, because 
he has not ^^ the pass of King Solomon." If he is in the 
violation of any moral law of Masonry, intoxicated, blasphe- 
mous, violent, etc., he is morally imperfect, and can not visit 
the Lodge, because he has not " the pass of King Solomon." 
If he is unable, from original ignorance or forgetful n ess, to 
explain to the satisfaction of his examiners all the ceremonial 
of Blue Lodge Masonry, together with the rational intention 
of the same, and do it all in the peculiar phraseology/ of York 
Masonry, ho IS mentally imperfect, and can not visit the Lodge, 
because he has not " the pass of King Solomon." An ex- 
ception may be made to the latter clause ; the visiting Brother 
being a foreigner, or having received his degrees under an- 
other form of ritual, would receive allowance on the score of 
phraseology, but nothing else. 

The traveling Brother, having first perfectly assured him- 
self of the legitimacy of the Lodge he proposes to visit (sec 
Charter)^ is made to undergo an examination, whose length 
and rigor are usually proportioned to the Masonic attainments 
of the examiners. Their report being made to the Lodge, 
and being favorably received, the Master gives order for him 
to enter, directing the Senior Deacon to give him the welcome 
of the Lodge. 

At once he is made at ease. If a Mason, famed for at- 
tainments or for Masonic rank at home, honors proportioned 
to his dues are tendered him. If of peculiar intelligence, he 
is asked to address his brethren upon congenial themes. He 
shares in the work that may chance to be in progress, and in 
the after refreshments, if any. His name is entered upon the 
books as a visitor, and a welcome assured him at future visits. 
In all this he has realized one of the highest enjoyments 
growing out of the Masonic Institution. 

A Lodge refusing to examine a visiting Brother, is liable 
to discipline from the Grand Lodge. But if business of a del- 
icate character is in progress, as a trial, an election, etc.; cr 



MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 375 

if the attendance is too scanty to spare members upon an ex- 
amining committee, an excuse to that effect may be made to the 
applicant, and thus the Lodge acquitted of discourtesy. 

Visitors should be at the Lodge a half-hour or more before 
the time of opening, that the examination may bo completed 
in season so as not to interfere with the Lodge business. 

A traveling Brother should carry with him a copy of the 
By-Laws of the Lodge of which he is a member, and, if con- 
venient, a diploma or certificate of good standing and recom- 
mendation from the same. These he may exhibit to the 
examining committee. (See Diploma.) A non-affiliating 
Mason can not travel with credit to himself. He may visit 
each Lodge once or twice, but only on the theory that he is 
selecting from the various Lodges the one with which he de- 
sires to affiliate. Non-affiliating Masons receive but scant 
courtesy at the doors of intelligent Lodges. Entered Ap- 
prentices and Fellow-crafte can not travel as Masons. 



TKEASURER. 

( See Officers.) 

The office of Treasurer demands a person of marked integ- 
rity. In many Lodges, bonds with security arc required of 
the Treasurer for the faithful performance of duty. 



TREASURY. 

(See Funds; Treasurer, etc.) 



TRESTLE BOARD. 

Every Lodge should at all times have designs of charity, 
piety, morality, science, and self-discipline upon its trestle- 
board. A Lodge out of xcorh is a Lodge in great peril. 
While the world lasts, there will be distressed objects to re- 
lieve, the ignorant to instruct, the erring to advise, and the 
unrepentant to punish. The Divine ** trestle board," upon 
which Deity has drawn his designs, will ever furnish a Lodge 
with infinite variety of subjects. 



376 HASONIO LAW AlVD USAOS. 

TRIALS. 

(See Discipline.) 

The rule for trials, given under tlie caption of By-Laws, is 
the best ever prepared for general nso. 

All trials for breach of Masonic discipline may conveniently 
be arranged thus : 

Question 1, What offenses demand Masonic discipline? 

Q, 2. Who should bring charges? 

Q. 3. What form should the charges assume ? 

Q. 4. How and by whom should evidence be taken ? How 
should evidence be substantiated ? 

Q, 5. Who should conduct the trial, and prosecute the 
case before the Lodge ? 

Q. 6. What penalty should be inflicted? 



TYLER. 

(See Officers.) 

The duties of Tyler are usually blended with those of Stew- 
ard. To him is entrusted the security of the Lodge. His 
place is beyond the ioor, and none of the labor of the Lodge, 
its arguments, its votes, its pleasant recitals, come to his ears. 
He has no part in what passes within the Lodge. 

Should any difficulty arise in finding a Brother willing 
thus to forego the privileges and pleasures which other breth- 
ren enjoy, a Tyler may be made of a non -affiliating Mason, 
or of a member of some contiguous Lodge. 

It is the Tyler's duty to serve all summonses, whether of a 
general or special character. For this, as well as the un- 
pleasant duty of standing guard over the Lodge, he should 
receive a pecuniary compensation proportioned to his labor. 



YIOLENCE. 

(See Discipline.) 



MA80NI0 LAW AND USAGE. 377 



VISITATIONS. 

Lodges should be freqaently visited by tbe Grand Master 
and other officers of the Grand Lodge, and by Grand Lectu- 
rers. This is for the necessary purpose of inspecting and 
correcting their work, examining their records, quieting strife 
and discord, if any, communicating information, and cement- 
ing the entire fraternity as one man. 

Visitations by the delegates of Lodges to those contiguous 
to them, is a pleasing feature of the ancient system, and pro- 
duces good results. 



VISITORS. 

A Brother in good standing, a Master Mason, and member 
of a Lodge, properly Touched for or duly examined, may visit 
any Masonic Lodge by permission of the Master thereof. 
The latter extends to him a welcome, and assigns him a seat 
appropriate to his Masonic grade. 

A Brother who has all the qualifications above named, but 
is non -affiliated, may visit any Lodge, as above, once or twice. 
This is for the purpose of enabling him to select with judg- 
ment the Lodge with which he will become affiliated. 

The fact of a Brother having been rejected upon an appli- 
cation for affiliation, does not deprive him of the privilege last 
mentioned. 

Visitors must furnish the Secretary with a memorandum of 
their present or late affiliations. 



VOTING. 

(See Balloting; Election.) 

Questions in Lodges, not involving secresy, are decided ac- 
cording to the usual practice in deliberative assemblies. This 
is by yecu and nai/g, or by a show of hands ; the latter is pref- 
erable, as according better with the gravity and decorum of a 
Masonic Lodge. 

Each member must vote upon every Question coming be- 
fore the Lodge, unless excused by vote of the Lodge. 
33 



378 MASONIC LAW AND USAGE. 

Elections of officers are best decided by written slips. (See 
Election,') 

A majority vote of members present is sufficient to decide 
ordinary questions before the Lodge. In pronouncing the 
sentence of accused parties in cases of discipline, votes 
of tioo'thirdsj four-Jifths, etc., are often required by the By- 
Laws of the Lodge, or rule of the Grand Lodge. (See Dis- 
cipline^ 

All questions relating to financial matters, to amendments 
of By-Laws, of the aoceptance of reports, petitions, etc., etc*, 
are best taken by show of hands. 

The count of hands or voices, after a vote, is the province 
of the Master. 



WAGES. 



The two officers who should receive pecuniary compensa- 
tion for their Masonic services are the Secretary and Tyler. 
The propriety of this will readily be gathered by reference 
to those heads. 



WARDENS. 

(See OflBccrs.) 

There are two Wardens in the Lodge denominated severally 
the Senior and Junior Wardens. They are elected by the 
Lodge at the same meeting as the Master, and are installed 
by him. They serve for the same period as the Master. They 
are chosen, not for their seniority, but merit. * The former 
sits in the West, the latter in the South. The Senior Deacon 
is the medium of communication between the Master and 
Senior Warden ; the Junior Deacon between the Senior and 
Junior Wardens. 

In the absence of the Master, the Senior Warden suc- 
ceeds to every duty, privilege, honor and prerogative be- 
longing to the Mastership. He is the Master for the time 
being. (See McLster!) He governs the Lodge, confers de- 
grees, presides upon trials, draws orders upon the Treasurer, 



HA6ONI0 LAW AUD USAGE. 379 

controls the Secretary, directs the religious exercises, commu- 
nicates Masonic instruction, expounds the Constitution and 
By-Laws, welcomes visitors, and appoints committees. 



WARNINGS. 

(See also Dishonesty. ) 



WARRANT. 

( See Charter ; Dispensation ; Trayel. } 

The written authorization from a Grand Lodge to a certain 
number (usually seven, or more), of Mast«)r Masons, to form 
and open a Lodge and make Masons therein, is styled a War- 
rant or Charier, It is commonly drafted (or printed) on 
parchment, signed by the Grand ^la8ter, Deputy Grand Mas- 
ter, and Senior and Junior Grand Wardens ; countersigned by 
the Grand Secretary, and authenticated by the seal of the 
Grand Lodge. It is a document of the highest possible im- 
portance to the Lodge, and its loss is equivalent to a forfeit- 
ure of all the privileges of the Lodge, and indeed to its very 
existence. 

The Warrant or Charter is the successor and perfection of 
the Dispensation, The latter, granted (usually) by the Grand 
Master, terminates by its own terms, "on the first day of the 
annual session of the Grand Lodge next ensuing ; " at which 
period the Dispensation^ with all the books, papers and prop- 
erty that have accumulated through its use, is rendered up to 
the Grand Lodge. By a committee of that body the records 
are examined and passed upon. If found correct, and in the 
judgment of the Grand Lodge there are good and sufficient 
reasons for the permanent establishment of a Lodge, a Char- 
ter is granted, and the Lodge, usually with the same title as 
that mentioned in the Dispensation, is finally organized with 
the same powers, and under the same regulations as the other 
Lodges in that State jurisdiction. Its name and number are 
entered upon the rolls of the Grand Lodge, and announced 
to the world. 



380 MASONIO LAW AND USAGB. 

The following is the usual form of a charter : 
In the Name and by the Authority op the Geanb 
Lodge op .* 

To all whom it may concern^ Greeting : 

Wherecu, it has been duly represented to the undersigned, 
Grand Officers of the Grand Lodge of , by a compe- 
tent number of brethren of the society of Ancient York Free 

and Accepted Masons, residing in the town of , and 

its vicinity, county of , and State of , praying 

that they be chartered and authorized to organize and proceed 
to work as a Lodge, and they having worked under Dispensa- 
tion from this Grand Lodge, and their work and proceedings 
having been reported and confirmed, and it appearing to be for 
the benefit of the Craft in general, as well as for the aforesaid 
brethren, that their prayer should be granted ; therefore, 

Know 1/e, that we the undersigned. Grand Officers of the 

Grand Lodge of , by and with the consent of said 

Grand Lodge, do hereby constitute our trusty and well-beloved 

brethren, the Worshipful , to be the first Master, 

Senior Warden, and , Junior Warden, together with all 

such other true and lawful brethren as may be permitted to 
associate with them, to assemble and work as a regularly con- 
stituted Lodge of Free and Accepted Ancient York Masons, 

in the town of , county of , and State of , 

to be designated and known by the name and style of 

Lodge No. ; hereby requiring and enjoining all regular 

Lodges to hold, acknowledge and respect them as such. 

And we do hereby grant and commit to the Master, War- 
dens and brethren aforesaid, full power and authority to re- 
ceive members, to enter Apprentices, to pass Fellow- crafts, to 
raise Master Masons, and to perform all other work of the 
Craft, agreeably to the ancient customs and usages of Ancient 
York Freemasons, and the ordinances and regulations of the 

Irrand Lodge of , and not otherwise. And also to 

choose a Master, Wardens, and other officers yearly, on the 

day of . : and to exact from their members such 

tees as they shall judge necessary for the support of their 

said L.odge, the relief of their brethren in distress, and the 

•This form, slightly modified, will serve for other Masonic bodies. 



UA80NIO LAW AND USAGE. 381 

regular payment of their annual contributions toward the 
Grand Charity Fund. 

And we do hereby require and command the Master, War- 
dens and brethren aforesaid, and their successors, to record in 
their books, along with this present Charter, their own Kegu- 
lations and By-Laws, and their whole acts and proceedings, 
from time to time, as they may occur. And also to corres- 
pond with the Grand Lodge wheneyer occasion may require, 
and to attend the meetings thereof regularly, by their repre- 
sentatives or deputies, and also to pay due respect and obedi- 
ence to all such ordinances and instructions as they may, from 
time to time, receive from the Grand Lodge, or from the Grand 
Master for the time being. 

And lastly, the Master, Wardens and brethren aforesaid, in 
behalf of themselves and their successors, do, by accepting 
hereof, solemnly engage strictly to confer^ to all and every 
of the foregoing requisitions and commands, and at all times 
to acknowledge and recognize the Grand Lodge and Grand 

Master of , as their superiors, and as such to obey them, 

or either of them, in all things appertaining to the Craft. 

Done in Grand Lodge at — . In testimony whereof^ we 

have hereunto affixed our names, and caused the seal of said 
Grand Lodge to be affixed, attested by the Grand Secretary, 
this day of , A. L. , A. D. . 

Grand Master. 

— Deputy Grand Master. 

— Senior Grand Warden. 

— Junior Grand Warden. 




Grand Secretary. 



WITHDRAWALS. 

(See also Demitting.) 

A Brother, by consent of his Lodge, may vyiikdraw or de- 
mit from its membership by a majority vote. That consent 
ought not, however, to be granted, save to give opportunity 
for the applicant to unite with another Lodge more contigu- 
ous or convenient. A regular petition for a demit is required, 
and it is not proper for the Lodge to act upon it unless all 
dues are paid by the applicant up to the end of the then present 



382 MASONIC LAW AND UBAOX. 

quarter. Every thing sbould be done by the [officers of a 
Lodge to discourage withdrawals. Applications made in mo- 
ments of passion, or to avoid further payments of dues, or on 
account of unfraternal feelings between members, should be 
peremptorily rejected. On the contrary, every allurement to 
reaffiliation should be held out, and none suffered to remain 
outside of membership whom kind words will tempt to enter. 



WORDS. 

(See Recognition.) 



Form of Certificate of Demit ; sometimes styled a Certificate 
of Withdrawal : Q) 

Hall of Lodge, No. 



This is to certify that Bro. A B , having paid 

all demands against him in this Lodge, and being in good 
Masonic standing, has been this day allowed to demit ft'om the 
same. We fraternally recommend him to Lodges and breth- 
ren of the Masonic Order wherever he may sojourn. 

By order of the Lodge, 

[SealJ (3) , Secretary. 

(^) A Demit should only be granted upon a written application from 
the Brother himself, specifying the motives that induce him to ask iL 

(') Without an official seal this certificate will have no value. 



MORRIS'S CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES 



OF 



M A. S O ISr R Y. 

COMPILED rSOM AUTHKMTIO DATA. KXiniKO IN TDK ARCHIVIB OF QHAMD AND 
BUBOBDINATS LODOISf A27D KUEWHBRX. 

BY ROB MOMISi ' 

HASOMIO AUTHOR AND LECTUSBR. 



[The preparation of them Tables having demanded an amount of labor scarcely to be 
rained in money, the Anthor feels compelled to include them in the general Gopy-right 
of this Tolnmo, and to forbid their insertion, as a whole, without his permission, in 
any other work.] 



JANUABT. 

Fim. 1787. Convention at Charleston to establish a Grand 
Lodge in South Carolina. 1851. The Ancient Land- 
mark (journal) commenced at Mt. Clemens, Michigan. 
1855. The Acacia (journal) commenced at Natchez, 
Mississippi. 1855. The Signet and Journal (journal) 
commenced at Marietta, Georgia. 1859. The Voice of 
Masonry commenced at Louisville, Kentucky. 

Second, 1809. The Grand Lodge of Ohio was formed.* 
1844. Convention at Iowa City to form a Grand Lodge 
in Iowa. 1844. Richard Ellis, Grand Treasurer of New 
York, died. 

Third, 1855. National Masonic Convention at Washington, 
District of Columbia. 

* I date the organization of a Grand Lodge upon the day its first Grand 
Officers were installed. 



384 CHKONOLOOICAL TABLES. 

Fourth, 1808. Convention at Chillicotbe to form a Grand 
Lodge in Ohio. 

Seventh, 1852. Masonic Mirror (journal) commenced at 
Philadelphia. 

Eighth, 1844. The Grand Lodge of Iowa formed. 

Ninth, 1806. The second Convocation of the General Grand 
Royal Arch Chapter of the United States held at Mid- 
dletown, Connecticut. 

Tenth. 1740. First Lodge at Barbadoes, West Indies. 1821 . 
Masonic Convention, Canandaigua, New York. 1822. 
Simon Greenleaf elected Grand Master of Maine. 

Eleventh. 1800. Philip C. Tucker born. 

Ttcel/th, 1818. The Grand Lodge of Indiana formed. 1828. 
Corner«6tone of Charleston College, South Carolina, 
planted. 

Thirteenth. 1780. The Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania pro- 
posed George Washington to be General Grand Master 
of the United States. 1858. Grand Council of Michigan 
formed. 1858. Grand Council of Florida formed. 

Seventeenth, 1706. Benjamin Franklin born. 1822. Masonic 
Hall at Lexington, Kentucky, dedicated. 

Eighteenth. 1836. Messrs. Chandler, Dallas, and others, 
appeared at the Bar of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, 
summoned to answer as to the Secrets of Masonry. 
1855. Convention at San Antonio to form a Grand 
Encampment in Texas. 

Nineteenth, 1855. The Grand Encampment of Texas formed. 
1857. Convention at Hamilton to organize a Grand 
Chapter in Canada. 

Ttoenty- First, 1831. Robert P. Dunlap elected Grand Master 
of Maine. 

Twenty- Second. 1813. John Allen and John Simpson butch- 
ered at the river Raisin. 

Twenty 'Third. 1833. Andrew Jackson elected honorary mem- 
ber of the Grand Lodge of Florida. 

Twenty- Fourth. 1712. Frederick the Great born. 1778. Fu- 
neral Oration of William St. Clair, G. M. of Scotland. 
1852. Honorarium by Hiram Lodge, No. 4, Frankfort, 
Ky., to Henry Wingate. 

Twenty-Fifth. 1759. Robert Burns born. 1820. Oorner-stone 
of Monument to Burns, at Alloway, Scotland, planted. 



CHBONOIiOaiCAL TABLES. 385 

1856. Corner-stone of Masonic Hall at Galveston, Texas, 
planted. 1859. Centennial of Barns' birth largely cele- 
brated. 
Tuoeniy- Seventh. 1773. The^Duke of Sussex born. 1813. 
Great Masonic Festival at London in honor of the Earl 
of Moira. 

FEBRUARY. 

Second, 1834. Lorenzo Dow died. 

Third, 1728. Corner-stone of Parliament House, Dublin, 
Masonically laid. 1827. Masonic Record (journal) com- 
tneneed at Albany, New York. 

Seventh. 1778. Voltaire initiated in Lodge Neuf Seurs, Paris. 
1827. Masonic Intelligencer (journal) commenced at 
Batavia, New York. 

Eleventh. 1800. Grand Lodge of Massachusetts rendered 
funeral honors to Washington. 1828. De Witt Clinton, 
Past Grand Master of New York, died. 1847. Freema- 
sons' Hall, Dublin, Ireland, dedicated. 1851. Masonic 
Missionary Station at Panama established. 

Twelfth. 1744. The Lodge " Charles of the 3 Crowned Pil- 
lars " established. 1857. Union of Knights Templar in 
PenDsylvania. 

Sixteenth. 1830. (S*o/igwan (journal) commenced at Roches- 
ter, New York. 1856. The Grand Council of Louisiana 
was formed. 

Eighteenth. 1843. Masonic Mirror (journal) commenced at 
Columbia, Tennessee. 

Nineteenth. 1811. Grand Lodge of District Columbia formed. 

Twentieth. 1776. American Union Lodge in the Connecticut 
Line Revolutionary Army was formed at Roxbury, Con- 
necticut. 1788. Council of Princes of Jerusalem was 
formed at Charleston, South Carolina. 1856. Woodlawn, 
Masonic Institute, Camden, Arkansas, burnt. 

Twenty -Second. 1732. Geo. Washington born. 1832. Grand 
Lodge of Arkansas formed. 1850. Corner-stone Wash- 
ington Statue at Richmond, Virginia, planted. 1854. 
Masonic Temple at Wheeling, Virginia, dedicated. 1858. 
Washington Statue at Richmond, Virginia, dedicated. 

Ttoentg- Third. 1853. The Grand Lodge of Minnesota was 
formed. 

Twenty-Fifth. 1723. Sir Christopher Wren died. 



386 CHBONOLOQICAL TABLES. 



First, 1848. Finlay M. King initiated. 
Third, 1753. George Washington passed a Fellow-craft. 
Fifth, 1855. Masonic Hall at Altoona, Pennsylvania, burnt. 
Sixth, 1844. Earl of Zetland installed Grand Master of 

England. 
Seventh. 1842. National Masonic Convention at Washington 

City, District Columbia. 
Eighth, 1777. The Grand Lodge of Massachusetts formed on 

an independent basis. 1855. Masonic Hall at Weston, 

Missouri, burnt. 
Ninth. 1819. Masonic Temple at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 

burnt. 
Eleventh. 1313. Jacques de Molay burnt at Paris. 
Fourteenth. 1838. T. S. Parvin initiated. 
Fifteenth. 1767. Andrew Jackson born. 
Sixteenth. 1857. Samuel Zimmerman killed near Hamilton, 

Canada West. 
Seventeenth. 1822. Israel Israel, Past Grand Master of Penn- 
sylvania, died. 1856. The Grand Lodge of Kansas was 

formed. 
Twenti/- First. 1825. Corner-stone of Monuments to Generate 

Green and Pulaski at Savannah, Georgia, planted. 
Twenty-Second. 1312. Order of Knights Templar extin- 
guished. 
Twenty-Fourth. 1787. The Grand Lodge of South Carolina 

formed. 
Twenty-Fifth. 1722. Ancient Charges ordered to be printed. 
Twenty- Sixth. 1854. Samuel Harrington died at Lexington, 

Massachusetts. 1857. Masonic Cemetery, Lodgeton, Ky., 

dedicated. 
Twenty-Ninth. 1801. Charles W. Moore born. 

First. 1811. The Freemasons' Monthly Magazine (journal) 
commenced at Philadelphia, the first in America. 1828. 
The Amaranth (journal) commenced at Boston. 1834. 
The Freemasons^ Quarterly Review (journal) commenced • 
at London. 1855. The Masonic Messenger (journal) 
commenced at New York. 1857. The Western Freema- 
son (journal) commenced at Iowa City, Iowa. 



OHBONOLOGIGAL TABLES. 387 

Third, 1842. Thaddeus Mason Harris died, aged 74 years. 
1846. Col. C. K. K. Tynte installed Grand Master of 
Grand Conclave England and Wales. 

Sixth. 1840. The Grand Lodge of Illinois, for a period dor- 
mant, reorganized. 

Seventh. 1814. William Hutchinson died, aged 82 years. 
1853. Corner-stone University of Nashville planted. 

Twelfth. 1777. Henry Clay born. 1856. Corner-stone of 
Monument to Henry Clay at New Orleans planted. 1857. 
E. Smith Lee, Past Grand Master, Michigan^ died, aged 
62 years. 

Thirteenth. 1853. Corner-stone Episcopal Church, Austin, 
Texas, planted. 

Fifteenth. 1858. William B. Cannon, Past Grand Master 
Mississippi, died. 

Sixteenth. 1821. Corner-stone of St. John's Chapel, Lexing- 
ton, Kentucky, planted. 

Seventeenth. 1790. Benjamin Franklin died, aged 84 years. 
1809. Corner-stone Masonic Hall, Philadelphia, planted. 

Nineteenth. 1850. Grand Lodge California formed. 1854. 
Corner-stone Mechanics' Hall, Toronto, Canada, planted. 

Tuoenty-FirzL A. L. 2992. Corner-stone Temple on Mount 
Moriah at Jerusalem, planted. 1821. The Grand Lodge 
of Missouri was organized. 1843. Duke of Sussex, Grand 
Master of England, died, aged 70 years. 

Ttoenty- Third. 1350. The Order of the Garter instituted. 
1825. Lafayette visited the Grand Lodge of Louisiana. 

Twenty 'Fifth. 1748. First Temperance Society established. 
It was by Masons in Italy. 

Twenty- Seventh. 1777. Monument to David Wooster at Dan- 
bury, Connecticut, dedicated. 1785. Prince Julian Max- 
imilian of Brunswick, Germany, perished nobly. 

Twenty- Eighth. 1738. First Papal Bull against Freemasonry 
fulminated. 1783. Charter of Alexandria Lodge, Vir- 
ginia, granted. 1852. Magnificent Charity Ball fMa- 
Bonic) at Dublin. 1855. Masonic Hall at Clinton, Ken- 
tucky, dedicated. 

Twenty-Ninth. 1856. Masonic Hall at Benton, Arkansas, 
destroyed by tornado. 

Thirtieth. 1733. Grand Lodge of England granted warrant 
for Provincial Grand Lodge at Boston. 



388 CHRONOLOaiCAL TABLES. 



First 1769. Duke of Wellington born. 1775. Corner-stone 
of Freemasons' Hall, London, planted. 1808. Grand 
Chapter of Virginia organized. 1847. Corner-stone of 
Smithsonian Institute, Washington, District of Colum- 
bia, planted. 1848. Masonic Signet (journal) com- 
menced at St. Louis, Missouri. 1854. Hall of Bristol 
Lodge, Bristol, Pennsylvania, dedicated. 

Second. 1775. The Duchess of Bourbon installed Gfrande 
Maitresie, Adoptive Rite, France. 1777. David Wooster, 
Grand Master of Connecticut, slain at Danburj. 

Third. 1806. Convention at Norfolk to organize a Grand 
Chapter in Virginia. 

Fourth. 1825. Lafayette visited Grand Lodge of Tennessee. 

Fifth. 1821. Emperor Napoleon died. 

Sixth. 1777. Convention at Williamsburg to establish a Grand 
Lodge in Virginia. 

Seventh. 1856. William C. Dawson, Grand Master of Geor- 
gia, died. 

Ninth. 1822. First National Masonic Convention in the 
United States, at Washington, District of Columbia. 

Eleventh. 1838. Grand Lodge of Texas formed. 1851 . Wil- 
liam Page, Deputy Grand Master of the District of Colum- 
bia, died. 1853. Masonic Celebration, Tippecanoe, 
Indiana. 

Twelfth. 1822. James L. Orr born. 

Fourteenth. 1801. Corner-stone, Wet Docks, Leith, Scotland, 
planted. 

Fifteenth. 1854. Grand Encampment of Indiana organized. 

Sixteenth. 1852. John Snow, Past Grand Master of Ohio, 
died. 

Seventeenth. 1798. Grand Chapter of Connecticut organized. 

Nineteenth. 1823. Convention at Mobile to form a Grand 
Chapter in Alabama. 

Twentieth. 1780. Henry Price, Past Provincial Grand Mas- 
ter of Massachusetts, died. 1829. Eli Bruce incarcerated. 
1834. Marquis Lafayette died, aged 76 years. 1858. 
Corner-stone of Arsenal, Dunkirk, New York, Masonically 
planted. 

Twenty- Second. 1853. American Freemason (journal) com- 
menced at Louisville, Kentucky. 



CHRONOLOQICAL TABLES. 389 

Twenty- Third, 1776. Freemasons' Hall, London, dedi- 
cated. 

Twenty' Fourth, 1854. Corner-stone of Masonic Hall, Gor- 
donsville, Kentucky, planted. 

Twenty -Sixth, 1858. Corner-stone of Custom House, Ports- 
mouth, New Hampf hire, Masonically planted. 

Twenty- Eighth, 1850. J. Newland Moffit died. 

Twenty 'Ninth, 1812. Grand Chapter of South Carolina or- 
ganized. 1851. Grand Hall, Indianapolis, Indiana, 
dedicated. 

Thirtieth, 1810. William Ball, Past Grand Master of Penn- 
sylvania, died. 1832. Masonic Temple, Boston, Massa- 
chusetts, dedicated. 

Thirty-First, 1801. Supreme Council, Thirty-Third Degree, 
Ancient and Accepted Rite, Charleston, South Carolina, 
organized. 

JUNS. 

First, 1820. Grand Lodge of Maine organized. 1850. Ma- 
sanic Union (journal) commenced at Port Byron, New 
York. 1851. Th^ Temple (journal) commenced at 
Carlisle, Pennsylvania. 

Second, 1796. Columbian Hall, Boston, Massachusetts, dedi- 
cated. 1827. Grand Chapter of Alabama organized. 
1852. Masonic Pioneer (journal ) at Montreal commenced. 
1858. Wilkins Tannehill, Past Grand Master of Ten- 
nessee, died, aged 71 years. 

Third. 1816. The Third Communication of General Grand 
Chapter at New York. 

Fifth. 1249. Battle of Damietta, fought by the Crusaders. 
1820. Masonic Hall, Newcastle, Kentucky, dedicated. 

1857. Grand Lodge of New York celebrated obsequies of 
E. K. Kane. 

Sixth. 1813. Brother Captain James Lawrence died. 1855. 
Nathan B. Haswell, Grand Master of Vermont, died. 

1858. Wm. R. Lackey, Grand Lecturer of Mississippi, 
killed. 

Eighth. 1825. Lafayette elected Honorary Member of Grand 
Lodge of New Hampshire. 1845. Andrew Jackson died, 
aged 78 years. 

Tenth, 1819. Grand Chapter of New Hampshire organized. 



390 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES. 

Eleventh, 1818. Convention at Hopkinton to organize tlie 
Grand Chapter of New Hampshire. 1856. Corner-stone 
of Masonic Hall, Napanee, Canada, planted. 

Twelfth. 1798. Island of Malta surrendered to the French. 
1798. Grand Chapter of Massachusetts organized. 

Fourteenth. 1821. Convention to organize the Grand Lodge 
of Alabama. 

Sixteenth. 1795. St. John's Lodge, No. 1, Newark, New 
Jersey, established. 1817. Grand Lodge of Massachu- 
setts incorporated. 1851. Corner-stone of Masonic Tem- 
ple, Louisville, Kentucky, planted. 1858. Corner-stone 
of Court House, Yicksburg, Mississippi, planted. 

Seventeenth. 17-75. Joseph Warren, Grand Master of Provin- 
cial Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, slain. 1783. Con- 
vention at Talbot Court House to organize Grand Lodge 
of Maryland. 1825. Corner-stone of Bunker- Hill Monu- 
ment planted. 1857. Statue of Joseph Warren on 
Bunker Hill dedicated. 

Nineteenth. 1792. Union of Masons in Massachusetts. 

Twentieth. 1764. Warrant to establish Provincial Grand 
Lodge of Pennsylvania. 1816. General Grand Encamp- 
ment organized. 1851. Austin W. Morris, Grand Secre- 
tary of Indiana, died. 

Twenty- Second, 1850. Dabney Lipscomb died, aged 55 
years. 

Twenty 'Fourth. 1731. First Masonic book accepted for pub- 
lication. 1744. Grand Lodge of Berlin, Prussia, organ- 
ized. 1769. Joseph Warren installed Provincial Grand 
Master of Massachusetts. 1791. Grand Conclave of 
England and Wales organized. 1811. Masonic Temple, 
Philadelphia, ' dedicated. 1816. Corner-stone of St. 
Paul's Church, Providence, Bhode Island, planted. 1844. 
First Masonic Festival in Wisconsin (Plattsville). 1854. 
Corner-stone of Masonic Hall, Brandenburg, Kentucky, 
planted. 1854. Masonic Festival, Honolulu, Sandwich 
Islands. 1856. Grand Masonic Bally at Lodgeton, Ken- 
tucky. 1856. Masonic Temple, Chicago, Illinois, dedi- 
cated. 1857. St. John's Lodge, No. 2, Providence, 
Bhode Island, celebrated its Centennial. 1858. Com- 
mandery Knights Templar of Bichmond, Virginia, visited 
Boston, Massachusetts. 



CHRONOLOaiCAL TABLES. 391 

Twenty-Fifth* 1791. Grand Lodge of Ehode Island formed. 
1819. Corner-stone of Asylum, Coasters' Harbor, Rhode 
Island, planted. 1827. Corner-stone of Masonic Hall, 
Natches, Mississippi, planted. 

Twenty-Sixth, 1827. Masonic Hall, Pawtucket, Rhode Island, 
dedicated. 

Twenty- Seventh. 1098. Antioch taken by Crusaders. 1825. 
Lafayette elected Honorary Member by Grand Lodge of 
Delaware. 

Twenty-Eighth. 1822. Corner-stone of Hospital, LouisTille, 
Kentucky, planted. 1826. Grand Lodge of Michigan 
organized. 1845. Grand Lodge of Missouri celebrated 
obsequies of Andrew Jackson at St. Louis. 

Twenty-Ninth. 1801. Corner-stone, Bridge over Spey, Scot- 
land, planted. 1852. Henry Clay died. 

JULY. 

First. 1821. Masonic Miscellany (journal), at Lexington, 
Kentucky, commenced. 1847. Port Folio (journal), at 
Nashville, Tennessee, commenced. 1857. American 
Quarterly Review of Freemasonry (journal), at New 
York, commenced. 1858. Honorarium to John Fitz 
Henry Townsend, Deputy Grand Master of Ireland. 

Third. 1840. Corner-stone Masonic Hall, Lexington, Ky., 
planted. 

Fourth. 1795. Corner-stone State House, Boston, Massachu- 
setts, planted. 1815. Corner-stone Washington Monu- 
ment, Baltimore, Maryland, planted. 1848. Corner-stone 
National Washington Monument, Washington, District 
of Columbia, planted. 1850. Corner-stone Maionic Hall, 
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, planted. 1851. Corner-stone 
Capital Extension, Washington, District of Columbia, 
planted. 1856. Corner-stone Insane Hospital, North- 
ampton, Massachusetts, planted. 1857. Corner-stone 
Monument to Henry Clay, Lexington, Kentucky, planted. 

Fifth. 1830. Grand Lodge of Florida organized. 

Sixth. 1812. Convention at New Orleans to organize the 
Grand Lodge of Louisiana. 

Seventh. 1768. Thaddeus Mason Harris born. 

Fighth. 1789. Grand Lodge of Connecticut formed. 1789. 
Convention at Portsmouth to organize the Grand Lodge 



392 CHBONOLOGIOAL TABLES. 

of New Hampshire. 1818. Corner-stone Mechanics' 
Relief Society Ilall, Washington, District of Columbia, 
planted. 

Ninth. 1856. Masonic Hall, Nashville, Tennessee, burnt. 

Eleventh, 1812. Grand Lodge of Louisiana organized. 

Twelfth. 1191. St. Jean d'Acre taken by Crusaders. 

Fourteenth. 1858. Union of Masons in Canada. 

Fifteenth. 1099. Jerusalem taken by Crusaders. 1819. 
Thomas Smith Webb died. 

Sixteenth. 1789. Grand Lodge of New Hampshire organized. 

Seventeenth. 1858. John A. Quitman died. 

Nineteenth. 1819. Masonic Board Relief, Boston, Massachu- 
setts, instituted. 

Twenti/- First. 1796. Robert Burns died. 

Twenty- Second. 1817. Masonic Hall in Exchange CoflFee- 
house, Boston, Massachusetts, dedicated. 1827. Grand 
Lodge of Kentucky performed the Obsequies of Samuel 
K. Woodson, Past Grand Master. 1858. Corner-stone 
Masonic Temple, Cincinnati, Ohio, planted. 

Twenty- Fifth. 1314. Battle of Bannockburn. 

Twenty- Seventh. 1818. Convention at Natchez to organize the 
Grand Lodge of Mississippi. 

Twenty- Eighth. 1853. Masonic Hall. Leesburg, Kentucky, 
dedicated. 1854. Grand Chapter of California organized. 

Twenty- Ninth. 1820. Corner-stone Second Presbyterian 
Church, Washington, District of Columbia, planted. 

Thirtieth. 1733. St .John's Provincial Grand Lodge, Boston, 
Massachusetts, formed. First Lodge opened same day. 

Thirty-First, 1783. Grand Lodge of Maryland organized. 

AUQUST. 

First. 1785. Corner-stone South Bridge, 'Edinburgh, planted. 
Fourth. 1753. George Washington raised Master Mason. 
Fifth. 1813. Supreme Council 33° Ancient and Accepted 

Rite Jurisdiction organized at New York. 
Sixth. 1812. Duke of Sussex installed Grand Master of 

Grand Conclave England and Wales. 
Seventh. 1800. John B. Hammett initiated. 1850. Grand 

Chapter of Wisconsin formed. 
Tenth. 1854. Grand Council of Vermont formed. 1858. 
rand Encampment of California formed. 



CHRONOLOOIOAL TABLES. 393 

Thoel/th, 1750. First Lodge in Maryland chartered. 

Fifteenth, 1738. Frederick the Great initiated. 1771. Wal- 
ter Scott born. 

Sixteenth. 1851. Convention at Oregon City to form a Grand 
Lodge in Oregon. 

Twentieth. 1852. Grand Consistory of Kentucky formed. 

Twenty- Second. 1820. Corner-stone City Hall Washington, 
District Columbia, planted. 

Twenty- Third. 1845. B. D. Crookshanks died. 

Twenty-Fifth. 1818. The Grand Lodge of Mississippi formed. 

Twenty- Seventh. 1812. Grand Lodge of Kentucky paid fune- 
ral honors to its deceased Grand Master, J9seph H. Da- 
viess. 1818. Provincial Grand Chapter of Upper Cana- 
da formed. 

Twenty- Eighth. 1852. Masonic Hall Alexandria, Louisiana, 
Hburned. 

Twenty-Ninth. 1820. Henry Clay elected Grand Master of 
Kentucky. 

Thirtieth. 1835. William T. Barry died. 1854. First stan- 
dard form of By-Laws adopted. 

Thirty-First. 1845. Masonic Congress at Steinbach. 

8EFTEMBEB. 

First. 1807. Corner-stone North Pier, Frazersburgh, Scot- 
land, planted. 1819. Grand Lodge Kentucky paid fune- 
ral honors to Thomas Smith Webb. 1820. American Ma- 
sonic Register (journal) commenced at New York. 1841. 
Grand Masonic Hall, Lexington Kentucky, dedicated. 
1855. First work on Masonic Jurisprudence published. 
1855. Ashler (journal) commenced at Detroit, Michigan, 

Second. 1851. Corner-stone Masonic Hall Detroit, Michigan, 
planted. 

Third. 1833. Corner-stone Jamaica S. Bridge, Glasgow, 
planted. 

Fourth. 1809. Union in South Carolina. 1829. Fourth 
Communication General Grand Encampment, and Sixth of 
General Grand Council, at New York. 

Fifth, ~ 1781. Provincial Grand Lodge of New York estab- 
lished. 1851. Hiram Lodge No. 1. New Haven, Con- 
necticut, celebrated its centennial. 
34 



394 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES. 

Sixth. 1757. Lafayette born. 

Seventh. 1857. Publication of Universal Masonie Library 
completed. 1858. Grand Consistory of Arkansas 32^ 
formed. 

Eighth. 1800. Convention at Lexington to form a Grand 
Lodge in Kentucky. 

Ninth. 1854. Edmund P. Hunter, Grand Master of Virginia, 
died. 1856. Thirtieth Communication General Grand 
Encampment) and Fifteenth of General Grand Chapter at 
Hartford. 1857. Honorarium to Wm. B. Hubbard from 
General Grand Encampment. 

Tenth. 1804. Grand Lodge, Mass., ceased the numbering of 
its Lodges. 1844. Ninth Communication of General Grand 
Enc-ampment and Eleventh of General Grand Chapter at 
New Haven, 1850. Eleventh Communication of General 
Grand Encampment, and Thirteenth of General Grand 
Chapter at Boston. 

Eleventh. 1826. Disappearance of William Morgan. 

Thirteenth. 1753. ' Corner-stone new Exchange, Edinburgh, 
planted. 1853. Twelfth Communication of General Grand 
Encampment and Fourteenth of General Grand Chapter, 
at Lexington, Kentucky. 1858. The 600th anniver- 
sary of dedication Salisbury Cathedral, England. 

Fourteenth. 1815. Corner-stone Episcopal Church, Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, planted. 1841. Eighth 
Communication General Grand Encampment, and Tenth 
of General Grand Chapter at New York. 

Fifteenth. 1851. Grand Lodge of Oregon formed. 

Sixteenth. 1819. Second Communication General Grand En- 
campment and Fourth of General Grand Chapter at New 
York. 

Eighteenth. 1793. Corner-stone Capitol, Washington, Dis- 
trict Columbia, planted. 1826. Third Communication 
General Grand Encampment, and Fifth General Grand 
Chapter at New York. 1852. Duke of Wellington died, 
aged 83 years. 1856. J. Worthington Smith, Past Grand 
Master of Virginia, died. 

Nineteenth. 1826. Corner-stone Masonic Hall, Washington, 
District Columbia, planted. 

Tiocnt^-First. 1832. Walter Scott died, aged 61 years. 



CHRONOLOaiGAL TABLES. 395 

Twenty 'Third. 1857. Convention at Omaba City, to form a 
Grand Lodge in Nebraska. 

Twenty- Fourth, 1858. Corner-stone State Inebriate Asylum, 
Bingbampton, New York, planted. 

Twenty-Fifth, 1786. Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, formed. 

Twenty-Sixth, 1853. Grand Lodge of New York donated 
$1,000 to suffering Bretbren in New Orleans, and $500 to 
Mobile. 1854. Masonic Temple Pbiladelpbia dedicated. 

Twenty-Ninth. 1853. Masonic Cemetery Santa Fe, New Mex- 
ico, dedicated. 1858. Stepben Lovell died, aged 59 
years. 

Thirtieth, 1826. Corner-stone Metbodist Cburcb, Port Gib- 
son, Mississippi, planted. 1851. Kemains of Stepben 
Girard re-interred. 

OCTOBEB. 

Firzt, 1755. Jeremy Gridley installed Provincial Grand Mas- 
ter of Massacbusetts. 1845. Masonic Review (journal) 
commenced at Cincinnati. 

Second. 1824. Lafayette visited Grand Lodge of Louisiana, 
and was elected Honorary Member. 

Third. 1814. Grand Lodge of Rhode Island built Ft. Hi- 
ram, at Providence. 

Fifth, 1847. Grand Encampment of Kentucky formed. 

Sixth. 1806. Convention at Lexington, Kentucky, to revise 
Constitution of Grand Lodge. 1853. Simeon Greenleaf, 
Past Grand Master of Maine, died. 1858. Corner-stone, 
Masonic Temple, Nasbville, Tennessee, planted. 

Seventh. 1822. Andrew Jackson installed Grand Master of 
Tennessee. 

Ninth, 1782. Lewis Cass born. 

Tetith. 1825. Lafayette elected Honorary Member of Grand 
Lodge of Tennessee. 1830. Grand Masonic and Patri- 
otic Feast to Lafayette, at Paris. 

Thirteenth, 1778. Grand Lodge of Virginia was formed. 
1853. Masonic Hall, Hong Kong, China, dedicated. 

Fourteenth, 1819. Convention to organize a Grand Lodge of 
Maine. 1830. Corner-stone of Masonic Temple, Boston, 
Massacbusetts, planted. 1858. Grand Lodge of Ken- 
tucky received from Levi L. Todd, the Sword of Daviess. 

Sixteenth, 1754. Morgan Lewis born. 1800. Grand Lodge 
of Kentucky formed. 



396 CHRONOIOGICAL TABL£S. 

Eighteenth, 1841. Corner-stone Grand Hall, Lancaster, Ohio, 
planted. 

Nineteenth. 1794. Grand Lodge of Vermont formed. 

Twenly-lhird, 1667. Corner-stone New Exchange, London, 
planted. 1820. Masonic Convention, Batavia, New York. 

Twenty- Fourth, 1797. Convention at Boston, Massachusetts, 
to organize General Grand Chapter, Northern States. 

Twenty -Fifth, 1762. Grand Masonic Constitutions, Scotch Rite, 
ratified. 1826. Grand Hall, Lexington, Kentucky, dedi- 
cated. 1848. Corner-stone Grand Hall, Indianapolis, 
Indiana, planted. 

Twenty-Sixth. 1789. Reuhen N. Walworth born. 1858. Mar- 
cus M. Tyler, Past Grand Master, Kentucky, died. 

Twenty -Eighth, 1813. Joseph R. Chandler initiated. 

Thirtieth. 1858. National Masonic School Instruction formed 
at Louisville, Kentucky. 

NOVEMBER. 

First. 1820. Masonic Temple, Philadelphia, dedicated. 1841. 
Freemasons^ Monthly Magazine nournal) commenced at 
Boston. 1849. Southern and Western Masonic Miscella- 
ny (journal) commenced at Charleston, South Carolina. 
1856. James Webb, Past Grand Master, Texas, died. 

Third. 1818. Exchange CoiFee House, Boston, burnt. 1830. 
Winslow Lewis initiated. 

Fourth. 1736. Grand Lodge Scotland, formed. 1752. George 
Washington initiated. 1852. Centennial Washington's 
initiation largely celebrated. 1854. Grand Lodge of 
Virginia performed funeral ceremonies in honor of de- 
ceased Grand Master, Ed. P. Hunter. 

Seventh. 1811. J. H. Daviess, Grand Master of Kentucky, 
slain at Tippecanoe. 

Eighth. 1781. Charter to first Lodge in Vermont. 1821. 
Philip C. Tucker initiated. 1855. Course of Scientific 
Lectures on Masonry commenced at New York by A. G, 
Mackcy. 

Tenth. 1857. Masonic Biographical Work published by Rob 
Morris — the first on record. 

Thirlecnth. 1756. Charter to St. Andrew's Lodge, Boston. 
1856. Willis Stewart, Past Grand Master of Kentucky, 
died. 



CHBONOLOOICAL TABLES. 397 

Fourteenth. 1855. Conyention at Leavenwortli to form Grand 
Lodge of Kansas. 

Sixteenth, 1789. Corner-stone New College, Edinburgh, 
planted. 

Eighteenth, 1855. Joseph C. Harrison, Grand High Priest, 
Texas died. 

Tmentielh, 1827. Corner-stone Monument to Wolfe and Mont- 
calm, at Quebec, planted. 

Twenty- First. 1838. Grand Lodge Arkansas formed. 

Twenty- Second. 1815. Henry Wingate initiated. 

Twenty-Fourth. 1836. Frederick Daleho died. 

Twenty-Fifth. 1851. John Posey died, aged 78 years. 1857. 
Monument to Gen. Worth, New York, dedicated. 

Twcntif- Eighth. 1794. Baron Steuben died. 1849. JohnQ. 
A. Fellows initiated. 

Twenty-Ninth. 1822. Grand Hall, Baltimore, dedicated. 1832. 
Fifth Communication General Grand Encampment, and 
Seventh General Grand Chapter at Baltimore. 

Thirtieth. 1737. Grand Lodge Scotland adopted this day 
(St. Andrews) for it'i Grand Arch Chapter. 1820. Grand 
Lodge "Espagnola" formed at Havana, Cuba. 

DECEMBER. 

First. 1806. Grand Lodge of Delaware formed. 

Second. 1813. Convention at Knozville to form Grand Lodge 
of Tennessee. 

Fourth. 1817. Grand Chapter of Kentucky formed. 

Seventh. 1790. Duke of Wellington initiated. 1835. Sixth 
Communication of General Grand Encampment and 
Eighth General Grand Chapter at Washington, District 
of Columbia. 

Eighth. 1816. Geo. A. Baker, Grand Secretary of Pennsyl- 
vania, died. 

Tenth. 1827. Grand Council of Kentucky formed. 

Elcvnith. 1809. Final Union of Masons in Massachusetts. 
1810. Convention at Washington to form Grand Lodge 
of the District of Columbia. 1821. Grand Lodge of 
Alabama formed. 

Thirteenth. 18!]8. Grand Council of Alabama formed. 

Fiturteenfli. 17!>9. Gcori^e Washington died, a;xcd 67 years. 

1M05. West».Mn Star [iO«1n:o. No. 107, formed at Kaskaskia. 



398 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES. 

Fifteenth, 1856. Corner-stone of Masonic Hall, Woburn, 
Massachusetts; planted. 

Sixteenth, 1799. Washington Masonicallj interred. 

Seventeenth, 1825. Corner-stone of Monument to Jonathan 
Mazcy, at Columbia, South Carolina, laid. 

Eighteenth, 1786. Grand Lodge of New Jersey formed. 
1843. Grand Lodge of Wisconsin formed. 

Twentieth, 1804. Grand Chapter of Vermont formed. 1837. 
Convention at Houston to form Grand Lodge of Texas. 
1855. Grand Council of Indiana formed. 

Twenty- Second, 1820. Grand Lodge of North Carolina paid 
funeral honors to Grand Secretary A. Lucas. 

Twenty-Fourth, 1746. Charter to first Lodge in Newfound- 
land. 1754. Provincial Grand Lodge of South Carolina 
formed. 1793. De Witt Clinton addressed Holland 
Lodge, New York. 

Twenty-Fifth, 1522. Turks captured Ehodes. 

Twenty-sixth, 1799. Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania paid fu- 
neral honors to Washington. 1831. Stephen Girard 
died. 

Twenty- Seventh. 1749. Charter to first Lodge in Rhode Island. 
1802. Henry Clay addressed Lodge No. 1. Lexington, 
Kentucky. 1813. Final Union of Masons in England. 
1813. Grand Lodge of Tennessee formed. 1817. Final 
Union of Masons in South Carolina. 1835. Masonic 
Temple, Philadelphia, dedicated. 1854. Grand Lodge 
South Carolina celebrated its centennial. 

Twenty- Eighth, 1778. Washington attended Grand Lodge of 
Pennsylvania. 1778. Charity Sermon by Wm. Smith at 
Philadelphia. 1778. Gen. Varnum addressed Grand 
Lodge Khode Island, at Providence. 

Thirty-First, 1809. Corner-stone Covent Garden Theater, 
London, planted. 1831. Declaration by 1500 Masons of 
Massachusetts, in behalf of Masonry. 



ODES 



fO& 



MASONIC OCCASIONS. 



BY ROB MOEEIS AND OTHERS. 



ODES 



FOB 



MASONIC OCCASIONS. 



SECTION FIRST. 



OPBHIHO THB IiODGB. 



1. COME, BROTHEBS. 

BT THOMAS POWES0. 

Air — See Manual Maeonic Muikf page 14.* 

Gome, Brothers of the Grafli unite. 

In generous purpose bound ; 
Let holy lore and radiant light 

In all our works be found. 
^?here columns rise in beauteous form, 

ITntouched by time's decay, 
We'll fear no dark or threat' ning storm, 

To cloud our passing day. 

And as we pass life's journey o'er, 

Though trouble's waves may rise, 
Our faith shall rest on that bright shore, 

Beyond the changing skies, 
Where columns rise in beauteous form, 

Untouched by time's decay, 
We'll fear no dark or threat' ning storm, 

To cloud our passing day. 



♦ The MflMial 0/ JfoMirfo Jtfinlo ooiuUtatos th« XXIVth Yolome of the Unl^ml 
HMonle LlbnuT. It contains 121 MMonic Odes set to mnslo ; also a nomber of 
Marches and Yoliintatles, and 120 Odes onaccompanled with notss. 

(8) 



ODES FOB MASONIC OCCASIONS. 

3. THE MASONS' HOME. 

BT BOB MOBBU. 

Air — "Bonny Do<mJ* 

Where hearts are warm with kindred fire, 

And love beams free from answering eyes, 
Bright spirits hover always there, 
And that's the home the Masons prixe. 

The Masons^ Home I Ah, peaceAil home, 
The home of love and light and joy : — 
How gladly does the Mason come 
To share his tender, sweet employ. 

All round the world, by land, by sea, 

Where Summers burn or Winters chill, 
The exiled Mason turns to thee, 
And yearns to share the joys we feeL 

The Masons' Home I Ah, happy home. 

The home of light and love and joy : — 
There's not an hour but I would come 
And share this tender, sweet employ. 

A weary task, a dreary round. 

Is all benighted man may know. 
But here a brighter scene is found, 
The brightest scene that's found below. 

The Masons' Home I Ah, blissM home. 

Glad center of unmingled joy : — 
Long as I liye I'll gladly come 
And share this tender, sweet employ. 

And wbon the hour of death shall come. 

And darkness seal my closing eye, 
May hands fraternal bear me home. 
The home where weary Masons' lie. 

Th.e Masons' Home I Ah, heavenly home, 

To faithful hearts eternal joy : — 
How blest to find beyond the tomb 
The end of all our sweet employ ! 



ODBB roa UA80MI0 00CA8IOM8. ft 

8. UNIVEKSALITY OF FREEMASONRY. • 

m 

BT BOB HOBBIfi. 

Aiiw-«« FeoMi of RoiesJ' 

Wher«Yer num is tracing 

The weary ways of care^ 
Midst wild and desert pacing 

Or land of softer air. 
We snrely know each other, 

And with good words of oheer. 
Each Brother hails his Brother, 

And hope wings lightly there. 

Wherever tears are falling, 

The seal's dark wint'ry rain. 
And hnman sighs are calling, 

To human hearts in vain, 
We surely know each other, etc. 

Whereyer prayer is spoken 

In earnestness of faith, 
We're minded of the token 

That tells our Master's death 
We pray, then, for each other, etc. 

Wherever man is lying, 

Unknowing and unknown. 
There's one yet by the dying. 

He shall not die alone ; 
For then we know each other, 

And with good words of cheer. 
Each Brother hails his Brother, 

And Hope wings lightly there. 

4. YE HAPPY FEW. 

Air — See Chaa^s Maeonie Harp, p. 22. 

Te happy few who here extend 

In peaceful lines, from East to West, 
With fervent teal the Lodge defend, 

And lock its secrets in your breast. 

Since ye are met upon the Square, 

Bid Love and Friendship Jointly reign, 

Be Peace and Hannony your care, — 
They form an adamantine chain. 



6 ODSS FOB MASONIC OCGA6ION8. 



SECTION SECOND 



XVXTIA.TIOH. 



1. BEHOLD HOW PLEASANT. 

BT aiLM V. TATn. 

Aix^" Auld Lang Ssfne." 

Behold how pleasant and how good 

For Brethren such as we. 
Of the united Brotherhood, 

To dwell in onitj. 
'Tis like the oil on Aaron's head, 

Whieh to his feet distills, 
like Hennon's dew so richlj shed 

On Bion's sacred hills. 

For there the Lord of light and Lotb 

A blessing sent with power: — 
Oh may we all this blessing prore 

Even life foreyer more. 
On Friendship's altar, risins here, 

Oar hands now plighted^, 
To liye in lore with hearts sincere. 

In peace and unity. 

9. WHILE JOURNEYING. 

Mt-^Matome Mtmeal Mamialf p. 6. 

BT THOMAS POWBBS. 

While journeying on oar darksome way. 

By loTe fraternal led. 
Supreme Conductor, Thee we pray, 

To smooth the path we tread ; 
Ko fear shall cross the trusting heart, 

In faith reposed above, 
Ko dearer joy can life impart, 

Than breathes in words of Lore. 



0DB8 FOB MASONIC O00A8IOM8* 



SECTION THIRD. 



PA88IHO. 



1. BROTHERS- FAITHFUL. 

BY HSBCOLES ELLIS. 

Air — Mtuonic Mtukal Maaudl^ p, 8. 

Brothera faithfal and deserring 
Now the second rank you fill, 

Purchased by your faulUess serring, 
Leading to a highev still. 

Thns iW)m rank to rank asoending, 
Mounts the Mason's path of love, 

Bright its earthly coarse, and ending 
In the glorious Lodge aboTC. 



SECTION FOURTH. 



BAISIHO. 



1. LET US REMEMBER. 

BT THOKAS FOWBBS. 

Air— iSSe« Maaml of Masome Mutict p, 10. 

Let us remeober in our youth, 

Before the evil days draw nigh, 
Onr Qbxat Cbbatob, and his Tbuth, 

Ere memory fail, and pleasures fly \ 
Or sun, or moon, or planef s light 

Grow dark, or clouds return in gloom ; 
Ere Tital spark no more incite ; 

When strength shall bow and years consum). 

Let us in youth remember Hix ! 

Who formed our frame, and spirits ga^e, 
Ere windows of the mind grow dim. 

Or door of speech obstructed ware ; 
When Toice of bird fresh terrors wake. 

And music's daughters charm no more, 
Or fear to rise^dth trembling shake, 

Along the pBP we trayel o'er. 



g ODXB FOB XA8ONI0 O00ASION8. 

In youth, to God let memory cling, 

Before desire shall fall or wane, 
Or e'er be loosed life's silver string, 

Or bowl at fountain rent in twain ; 
For man to his long home doth go, 

And mourners group around his urn 1 
Our dust to dust again must flow, 

And spirits unto God return. 



3. SOLEMN STRIKES. 

BT DAVID YIMTOS. 

Ah^^Manval of Masonic Mtme^ p. 13. 

Solemn strikes the funeral chime, 
Notes of oar departing time ; 
As we journey here below, 
Thro' a pilgrimage of wo. 

Mortals now indulge a tear, 
For Mortality is here; 
See how wide her trophies wave, 
O'er the slumbers of the grave. 

Here another Guest we bring I 
Seraphs of celestial wing, 
To our funeral altar come. 
Waft a Friend and Brother home. 



Lord of all below, above, 

Fill our souls with Truth and Lore; / 

As dissolves our earthly tie. 

Take us to thy Lodge on high. 



\ 



01KB8 FOR UABONIO 000A8I0NS. 



SECTION FIFTH. 



CJLOSIIVO. 



1. ONE HOUR WITH YOU. 

BT ROB XOB&IS. 

Air—" Auld Lang Syne:' 

One hour with yon, one honr with jon, 

No doubt, nor care, nor strife, 
Is worth a weary year of wo, 

In all that lightens life. 
One hour with you, and you, and you. 

Bright links in mystic chain— 
Oh may we oil these joys renew, 

And often meet again. 

Your eyes with lore's own language free, 
Your hand-grips, strong and true, 

Tour^Toice, your heart, do welcome me 
To spend an hour with you, etc. 

I come when morning skies are bright, 

To work my Mason's due — 
To labor is my chief delight, 

And spend an hour with yon, etc. 

I go when evening gilds the west 

I breathe the fond adieu, 
But hope again, by fortune bleet. 

To spend an hour with you. 
One hour with you, and you, and yon, 

Bright links in mystic chain— 
Oh may we oft these joys renew. 

And often meet again. 

BROTHERS, ERE TO-NIGHT, 

BT G. W. CHASE. 

Air— C%a««'« Matonie Siarpj p, 62. 

Brothers, ere to-night we part, 
Arery Toice and erery heart. 
Grateful soula to Heayen raise. 
Hymning forth yonr songs of praise. 



XO ODX8 PO& MASONIC 00CASI01I8. 

Brothers, we may meet no more; 
Tet there is % happier shore, 
Where, released from toil and pain, 
Brothers, we shall meet again. 



3. THE LEVEL AND THE SQUARE. 

BT BOB X0BBI8. 

We meet npon the Leotl and we part upon ih^ Square^ 
What words of precious meaning those words Masonic are I 
Come, let us contemplate them, they are worthy of a thought, 
With the highest, and the lowest, and tJbe rarest they are fraught. 

We meet upon the Levels though from every station come j 
The monarch from his palace, and the poor man from his home ; 
For the one must leaYiC his diadem outside the Biason's door. 
And the other finds his true respect upon the checkered floor. 

We part upon the Square, for the world must have its due; 
We mingle with the multitude, a cold, unfriendly crew. 
But the influence of our gatherings in memory is green, 
fnA we long upon the Level to renew the happy scene. 



There's a world where all are equal^we are hurrying toward it fast; 
We shall meet upon the Level there, when the gates of death are past ; 
We shall stand before the Orient, and our Master will be there 
To try the blocks we offer by his own unerring Square. 

We shall meet upon the Level there, bat never thence depart; 
There 's a Maneum — ^"tis all ready for each trusting, faithM hearfc-^ 
There 's a Maneion and a welcome and a multitude is there 
Who have met upon ike Lwel^ and been tried upon the Square, 

Let us meet upon the Level then, while laboring patient here ; 
liet us meet and let us labor, tho' the labor be severe ; 
Already in the Western Sky the signs bid us prepare 
To gather up our Working tools and part upon the Square 

Hands round ye faithful Masons, form the bright, fraternal ohain. 
We part upon the Square below, to meet in heaven again. 
Oh what words of precious meaning those words Masonic are, 
We meet upon the Level and we part upon the Square! 



•% 



0DB8 FOB MA80NI0 OCOASIONS. 11 

4. ADIEU I A HEABT-WARM. 

BT BOBSBT BUBVB. 

Adieu I a heart-wamjf fond adieu, 

Dear brothers of the hybtio tib I 
Te favored, ye enlightened few, 

Companions of mj social joy I 
Tho' I to foreign lands must hie, 

Pursuing fortune's sliddry ba'. 
With melting heart, and brimful eye^ 

ril mind you still, tho' f%^awa'. 

Oft have I met your social band, 

And spent the cheerful festiye night; 
OA honored with supreme command. 

Presided o'er the sons or light: 
And by that hixbooltphio bright. 

Which none but OBArrsMEH ever saw I 
Strong mem'ry on my heart shall write 

Those happy scenes when far awa'. 

May Areedom, harmony and lore. 

Unite you in the obavd nxsioir. 
Beneath th' Omniscient Eye abore, 

The glorious Abohitbct diyine 1 
That you may keep th^ ubbbbino lot, 

Still rising by the pluuxst's law, 
Till order bright completely shine. 

Shall be my pray'r when far awa\ 

And Tou, farewell t whose merits claim 

Justly, that htohest badob to wear I 
HeaVn bless your honor'd, noble name, 

To Masonbt and Scotia dear I 
A last request permit me here, 

When yearly ye assemble a', 
One round, I ask it with a tear, 

To him, the babd that's far awa'. 



12 ODSS FOR MASONIC OCCASIONS. 

S. AULD LANG SYNE. 

BT &OBSRT BUR)f8. 

Should auld aoqaainiance be forgot, 

And never brought to min' ? 
Should auld acquaintance be foigot. 

And days of Auld Lang Syne ? 
For Auld Lang Syne, my dear, 

For Auld Laiig Syne ; 
We'll take a cup of kindness yet, 

For Auld Lang Syne. 

An' herej? a hand, my trusty fier, 

An' gie's a hand of thine ; 
An' we'll toom the stowp to friendship's growthf 

And days of Auld Lang Syne. 
For Auld Lang Syne, etc. 

An* surely ye'll be your pint stowp, 

An' surely I'll be mine; 
An' we'll take a right good willy waught, 

For Auld Lang Syne. 

For Auld Lang Syne, etc. 



SECTION SIXTH 



FUNBRAIi AITBS. 



1. WREATHE THE MOURNING BADGE AROUND, 

BT ROB MORRIS. 

Air— "/*/gy«r« ^ymn." 

Wreathe the mourning badge around — 
Brothers hark ! a funeral sound I 
Where the parted had bis home, 
Meet and bear him to the tomb. 

While th€jf journey, weeping, slow 
Silent, thoughtful let us go ; 
Silent — ^life to him is sealed : 
Thoughtful — death to him's revealed. 

How his life path has been trod, 
Brothers, leave we unto Qod I 
Friendship's mantle, love and faith, 
Lend sweet fragrance e'en to death. 



ODKB FOR 3IA80NIG OCCASIONS. 13 

Here amidst the things that sleep. 
Let him rest — ^bis graye is deep ; 
Death has triumphed ; loving hands 
Can not raise him from his bands. 

But the emblems that we shower, 
Tell us there's a mightier power, — 
O'er the strength of death and hell, 
Judah's Lion shall preyail. 

Dust to dust, the dark decree — 
Soul to God, the soul is free : 
Leaye him with the lowl/ lain — 
Brothers, we shall meet again. 



9. PRECIOUS IN THE SIGHT. 

BT BOB MORBIS. 

Air—" MogarL" 

Precious in the sight of heayen 

Is the place where Christians die ; 
Souls with all their sins forgiyen, 

To the courts of glory fly. 
Eyery sorrow, eyery burden, 

Eyery cross they lay it down ; 
Jesus gives them richest guerdon 

In his own immortal crows. 

Here, above our Brother weeping, 

Through our tears we seize this hope- 
He in Jesus sweetly sleeping, 

Shall awake in glory up 1 
He has borne his cross in sorrow, 

Weary pilgrim, all forlorn. 
When the sun shines bright to-morrow, 

'Twill reveal his sparkling crown. 

Knights of Christ, your ranks are broken 1 

Close your front I the foe is nigh I 
Shield to Shield/ behold the token 

As he saw it in the sky 1 
By that Sign so bright, so glorious, 

Ye thaU conquer if ye strive^ 
And like him, though dead, victorious, 

In the courts of Jesus live. 



14 ODES VOB MASONIC OCCASIONS. 

3. UNVAIL THY BOSOM. 

Air — 8u Moiomc Muticdl Manual^ p. 325. 

Unyail thy bosom, faithf al tomb ; 

Take this new treasure to thy tmst^ 
And giro these sacred relics room 

To slamber in the silent dust. 

Nor pain, nor grief, nor anxious fear. 
Invade thy bounds ; no mortal woes 

Gan reach the silent sleepers here, 
While angels watch their soft repose. 

Here, Brother, sleep, beneath the stone 
Whidi tells a mortal here is laid. 

Rest, here, 'till God shall from his throne, 
The darkness break, and pierce the shadn. 

Break from his throne, illustrious mom I 
Attend, earth 1 God's sov'reign word; 

Restore thy trust— a glorious form — 
He must ascend to meet his Lord. 



4. BEAR HIM HOME. 

BT BOB V0RRI8. 

Bear him home, his bed is made 
In the stillness, in the shade * 
Day has parted, night has come. 
Bear the Brother to his home. 

Bear him home. 

Bear him home, no more to roam — 
Bear the tired pilgrim home ; 
Forward I all his toils are o'er, 
Home, where journeying is no more. 

" Bear him home. 

Lay him down — his bed is here — 
See, the dead are resting near ; 
Brothers they their Brothers own, 
Lay the wanderer gently down. 

Lay him down. 



ODXS FOB MASONIO OOOASIONS. lb 

Jsj him down ; let nature spread 
Starry curtains o'er the dead ; 
Lay him down ; let angel eyes 
View him kindly from the skies. 

Lay him down. 

Ah, not yet for us, the bed 
Where the faithful pilgrim's laid; 
Pilgrims weep I again to go 
Through life's weariness and wo. 

Ah, not yet I 

Soon 'twill come, if futhful here, 
Soon the end of all our care ; 
Strangers here, we seek a home, 
Friends and Saviour, in the tomb. 

Soon 'twill come I 

Let us go, and on our way. 
Faithful journey, faithful pray ; 
Through the sunshine, through the snoWi 
Boldly, Brother pilgrims go t 

Let us go ! 



V 



r. 



•RECOMMENDATIONS 



ov 



Wmm MASONIC pubucatioi 



{^FirH and Second Hdiiion.1 

EiOHVOHD, Va., March 16, 1861. 
Tbm Master's Floo& Gabpet, oommends itself to the industrious 
and Intelligent Master of a Masonic Lodge, as a usefhl means of oon- 
Teying knowledge in the beautiful teachings of Masonry, because it 
enables the Instructor to present to the eje and understanding of the 
Young Mason, the meaning, use, and application of the various emblems, 
and, consequently, the duties required by our beloved Institution from 
all who enter the sacred portals. 

Instructions from a book are objectionable — ^they should be discon- 
tinued^— and we earnestly recommend The Floor Carpet to every Lodge 
in this Jurisdiction, as the better plan, and, to our knowledge, the only 
commendable mode of imparting Masonic instruction. 

Very Eespectfully and Fraternally Yours, 

JAMES EVANS, G. M. 
of the M. Wor. G. L. of Virginia. 

I eheerfUly concur with the Grand Master. 

JOHN DOVE, G. Seoretary. 



[^Firti and Second ^ditumJ] 

WiLXTNQTON, N. C, February 11, 1861. 
Having examined The Master's Carpet, purchased by St. John's 
Lodge, Na 1, 1 take great pleasure in recommending it to the Lodges 
generally, and to those of our own State particularly. The emblems are 
well arranged, and the artistical skill displayed in their ezacution gives 
a very pleasing effect to the general appearance of tt^e work. Beside, 
being very ornamental, it is the most useful and iqMfbint piece of fur- 
niture that a Lodge can possess. "mr' 

•Tours, 
MARTIN, P. G. H. P. 



Respectfully and Tn^Tours, 

jSTm 



2 8HE&EBS MASONIC PUBLICATIONS. 

I fhlly cononr in the opinion expressed by Bro. A. Martin in r^gaid 
to Uie Master's Carpet 

A. T. JENKINS^ G. M. 

I tallr conoor in the abore. 

BOBT. G. RANKIN, 

Gr. Sect'y of Grand C. of N. Oa^ 'I 
and H. P. of Ck)ncord Chapter, No. 1, Wilmington, N. C. / 



l^FoTMi and Second EdUum.'] 

Port Btkov, N. T., July 10, 1861. 
I haye examined the Mastkr^s Carpet, and do not hesitate to prononnce 
it the most perfect and complete representation of the symbols and em- 
blems belonging to the three first degrees of Masonry that I have OTer 
seen. As an aid to the officers of a Lodge in conferring the degrees, 
and as a risible reflex of the yarions implements, which are indispensa- 
bly important to be shown and expultnkd to the candidate, in his pro- 
gress through the degrees, it is of incalculable advantage. 

I readily recognize, and cheerfully attest, to the auUienticity of the 
testimonials you bear from Grand Master Brans and Grand Secretary 
I>oye, of Virginia, and Grand Master Jerkins and Grand Secretary Ran- 
kin, of North Carolina, respecting the yalue of your Carpet ; and it 
affords me great pleasure to commend you to the fayorable notice of 
Lodges and members of the Fraternity in the State of New Tork. 
I am Sir, yery Truly and Fraternally, Yours, 

FINLEY M. KING, 
£d. ''Moionie Ummt." 



BURLTNGTOK, Vt., Aug. 6, A. L. 5851. 
The bearer of this has exhibited a Mastse Mason's Carpet, which I 
consider well arranged and finely executed; and with pleasure we re- 
commend it to those Lodges who may wish to purchase so useful and 
indispensable an article appertaining to a Master's Lodge. 

NATHAN B. HASWEUU P. G. M., 
and Master of Washington Lodge. 



Camdeh, N. J., Oct. 17, A. D. 1861. 
I haye had the pleasure of examining Tbe Master's Carpet, which 
I regard as a tbet rALUASLE aid to Lodges in their work, and most 
clieerfuUy commend it to their use. I am well satisfied that no Lodge 
can procure and use one of them without being amply repaid for the 
cost. I should be pleased to see one in every Lodge in this jurisdiction. 

THOMAS W. MULFORD, D. G. M. 



SHEIIER S MASONIC PUBLICATIONS. 3 

RteommendaUcnfrom Salem Tovm^ O, C. of the O. Lodge of the State of 

New York. 
To TBB BhVTHBIN OF THB Masonio Fbatxbnitt : 

Haying seen, and, to some extent, examined, The Master's Carpet, 
of the first three Masonic degrees, I most cheerfull)r express my appro- 
bation of its arrangement and adaptation to the end proposed, and also 
cordially recommend its introduction and use in Master Masons' Lodges, 
as a Taluable auxiliary for elucidating the work of those degrees. 

SALEM TOWN, O. C. 
of the 6. Lodge of the State of New York. 
Aurora, July 8, 1861. 

I Ailly concur in the above. 

W. R. LACKEY, 
Grand King of the Grand Chapter of the State of MississippL 



HARTroRD, Ct., Sept. 27, 1851. 
The Master's Carpet, by Brother John Sherer, of Cincinnati, 0., 
we consider to be finely executed, and well arranged for explanation of 
the three first degrees. With pleasure we recommend it to those Lodges 
that need a valuable and useful Carpet. 

nOR.\CE GOODWIN, P. G. M. 



Harrisburq, Pa., Nov. 29, 18£!0. 
The Master's Carpet is not only highly ornamental, but will be 
truly useful wherever lectures are given upon the emblems and symbols 
of our Order. Its utility is great in presenting the whole at a glance, 
and in so bold and prominent a manner as to be easily seen and distin- 
guidied by every member at a reasonable distance. I hope it will adorn 
many of our Lodge-rooms, and lead to a better understanding of the 
symbolical teachings of Masonry. 

Fraternally, Yours, 

BENJ. PARKE, 
Dis. Dep. G. M. for the Central District of Penn., and 1 
High Priest of Perseverance Chapter, No. 21. j 



[Fourth Edition.} 

We feel that we are but expressing the united sentiments of all who 
have examined your handsome Carpets, when we say they are incom« 
parably better, both in arrangement and completeness, than any thing 
heretofore published. With your Master's Carpet suspended upon the 
wall, dull and ignorant indeed must be the Lodge officer who would fail 
to make an interesting lecture. The emblems speak their own tale, 
trumpet-tongued, to an informed Mason, while the natural chain of con- 
nection, so well drawn in your work, leads the mind easily and infalli- 
bly from the first step to the last, from the quarry to the temple, from 
the thickest night to the clearest day. 



BHXaSB'S IIAJSONIO PUBLICATIONS. 

We cheerftdly Join in adnsing eyeiy Lodge to poflseas itself of a eopj 
I soon as possible. 

THOMAS WARE, G. M. of the G. L. of Kentaekj. 

MARCUS. M. TYLER, D. G. M. 

HENRY WINGATE, P. G. M, 

JNO. D. McCLURB, P. G. M. 

PHILIP SWIGERT, Grand Sec 

GHAa G. WINTERSMITH, P. G. M. 

J. M. B. MoCORKLE, P. G. M. 

D. T. MONSARRAT, S. G. W. 

JOSEPH GRUB, P. G. M. of Ark. 

LexinffUmj Ky^ Aug, 29, 1858. 

We cheerfnlly concur in the above. 

C. MOORE, Ed. M, Review. 
DB. J. L. VATTIER, D. P. G. M. 
OmemnaU^ 0^ Stpt. 6, 1868. 



IFottrih HdiiionJ] 

CftooKET, Texas, Feb. 20, 1864. 

He "iUkYe carefully examined the Master's Carpbt, and hare no hesi- 
taUun in pronouncing it the most perfect representation of the emblems 
of s." bjmbolic degrees that we have ever seen. 

Tbe presiding officer, with this Carpet before him, who can not forci- 
bly inculcate the several Masonic Lectures, must be wholly unacquainted 
with the Masonic Ritual; the emblems naturally lead the mind on, step 
by step, and in such a forcible manner, that it is impossible to err, or 
vary from the true principles of Masonry. 

Every Lodge, in our opinion, should be famished with one of these 
Carpets, not only for the use of the officers, but also for the benefit of 
candidates and young Masons, as we believe this to be the most effec- 
tual and true mode of imparting Maaonic LighL 

WM. M. TAYLOR, G. M. of the G. L. of Texas. 

JAMES M. HALL, G. S. of the G. C. and P. B. D. G. M. 

E. B. NICHOLS, Grand Treasurer. 

JOHN 8AYERS, Past Grand Master of the G. Lodge. 

W. D. SMITH, P. G. Lecturer and P. D. B. G. Master. 

W. B. OCHELTBEE, P. G. M. of the G. L. of Texas. 

A. 8. RUTHVEN, Grand Secretary. 

HENRY SAMPSON, D. D. G. Master. 

SAM'L M. WILLIAMS, P. G. Master. 

I fully concur in the foregoing certificates. 

A. NEILL, P. G. Master of the G. L. of Texas. 
Segvin, May 4, A. D. 1864. 



soeber's masonic publications. 6 

The Mastbb's GaspeT| published by John Shereb, of Clnoinnati; 
Ohio, is not only highly oroamental, but, in our opinion, will be usefol 
wherever lectures are given upon the emblems and symbols of our Order. 
Its utility is great in presenting the whole at a single glance, and in so 
conspicuous a manner as to be seen by every member at a reasonable 
distance ; and were our Lodge rooms all furnished with this Carpet^ it 
would lead to a better understanding of Symbolio Masonry. 

W. B. WARREN, G. M. of the G. L. of 111. 

JAMES L. ANDERSON, Deputy G. M. of the G. L. of lU. 

S. J. PICKETT, P. G. M. 

E. B. AMES, P. G. M. 

W. C. HOPP, P. G. M. 

N. D. MORSE, P. G. M. 

LEVI LUSK, P. G. M. 
Springfield, lU., OeL 5, 1858. 



IFourth JEdition.'l 

Re9oh>ed, That the Grand Lodge of the St-ate of Georgia recommend 
to the Subordinate Lodges under her jurisdiction, that, as soon as prao- 
ticable, they supply themselves, respectively, with the finely executed 
AIastbb's Carpet, published by John Shbrer, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for 
the use of Lodges throughout the United States — it being an article of 
great beauty and utility, and commending itself to the favorable consid- 
eration of the Craft generally. 

MacoiLf OeorffiOf 1852. 

Resolvedf That the thanks of this Grand Lodge be presented to Bro. 
John Subrer, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for one of his new and beautifUl 
improved Master's Carpetb presented to this Grand Lodge, and that 
the said Carpet be recommended to the patronage of the Subordinate 
Lodges under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge. 

Presented by Bro. G. Bowlsby, of No. 17, and unanimously adopted 
by the Grand Lodge. 

IndianqpolUf Ind^ May 81, 1855. 

JUtolvedj That the thanks of this Grand Lodge be tendered to Brother 
John Shxrer, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for a copy of his improved Mas- 
ter's Carpet, and that it be recommended to the patronage of the Sub- 
ordinate Lodges under this jurisdiction.' 

Sprimgfield, JU^ OcU 5, 1855. 



Florida, 1864. 

Brother Stephens moved the following : 

Having examined the Masonio Chart, published by John Sherer, for 
the use of Lodges througbout the United States, exhibited by Brother 
Randall, of Georgia, we pronounce it an article of great beauty and 



6 shsber's masonic publications. 

utility, and most cordially recommend it to all the Sabordinate Lodges 
iriUiin the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodge, and we further recommend, 
that the Representatiyes of the different Lodges avail themselves of the 
present opportunity of supplying their respective Lodges with this 
essential article. [Which was adopted.] 



Wkereast We have examined the Master Mason's Carpet, published 
by Bro. John Sherer, of Cincinnati, Ohio, for the use of Lodges throngh- 
out the United States, and believe it to be a work of great utility ; 
Therefore, 

Be8okfed^ That this Grand Lodge do most cordially recommend the 
Master Mason's Carpet, 4th edition, to all the Subordinate Lodges in the 
State of North Carolina. 

Haleiffh, Nov. 7, 1856. 

Adopted by Grand Lodge of North Carolina. 



[Third Bdition.l 

I have examined the Master's Carpet, and have no hesitation in pro- 
nouncing it the most perfect representation of the emblems of the sym- 
bolic degrees that I have ever seen. I am clearly of the opinion that it 
will be found invaluable to the Master who presides over a Subordinate 
Lodge, in assisting him to properly confer and explain the degrees to 
a young Mason as he passes through the same. 

I do most cordially recommend the use of said Carpet to the Craft 
generally, and more particularly to the brethren under the jurisdiction 
of the Grand Lodge of Texas. 

JAMES M. HALI^ 
Grand Sec of the G. C. of Texas,) 
and P. D. D. G. M. of the G. L. of Texas. { 



JReMoh^^ That the thanks of this General Royal Arch Chapter be pre- 
sented to Companion John Sherril, of Cincinnati, Ohio, who has pre- 
sented to this Grand Chapter a copy of his beautifbl " Chapter and 
Ckmneil Carpetf" and that said Carpet is hereby recommended to the 
patronage of the several Chapters subordinate to this Grand Chapter. 

Zea%(ofi, JTy., September 29, 1852. 



By Comp. Morris — 

Rnolvedy That the thanks of the Grand Chapter be granted to Comp. 
John Sherer, for his very elegant present of a copy of his improved 
Royal Arch Carpet; and that the Grand Chapter repeat their approbation, 
as expressed last year, of this beautiful and complete draft of all the em- 
blems and written instructions belonging to the Chapter degrees ; and 
that the Grand Secretary be directed to take charge of and preserve ii. 

Leacmgion^ Ky.^ September 1, 1853. 



8HEKEB*S MASONIC PUBLICATIONS. 7 

• 
Nbw Orleans, La., 1858. 

Besolveif That the Grand Chapter accept the valuable present made 
08 by Companion John Suereb, of Cincinnati, of a copy of his improved 
Meuter'a, Chapter, and CouneH Caarpti, and that the Grand Secretary place 
it in the Library of the Grand Chapter. 

Se$olvedf That the improved Carpet of Companion Sherer is worthy 
of the most extensive patronage of the Companions of this jurisdiction, 
being equally adapted for the parlors of the refined, and the walls of the 
Chapter room : that its elegance of design, correctness of symbolism, and 
-rery moderate price leave nothing wanting which snch a work can sup- 
ply, and that the Grand Chapter recommend it to the general flavor aa % 
correct and reliable production. 



Jackson, Feb. 8d, A. L. 6858, A. D. 1858. 

Sherer* 9 Symbolic Charit. — At the Fortieth Grand Annual Communi- 
cation of the M. W. Grand Lodge of Mississippi, which convened at the 
eity of Jackson, on Monday, the 18th day of January, A. L. 6858, A. 
B. 1868, the Committee of the Grand Lodge, to whom was referred the 
STMBOLic PLATES, presented by Brother John Sherer, of Cincinnati, pre- 
sented the following report : 

That the plates contain a full and beautiful representation of all the 
emblems pertaining to the degrees of Symbolic Masonry, appropriately 
arranged in separate plates for each degree; and they consider them a 
useful appendage to the fixtures of a Loidge-room, and take pleasure in 
recommending them as a correct, useful, and convenient aid to the offi- 
cers of Lodges in conferring the degrees. 

Respectfiilly submitted, 

GEO. H. GBAY, Sbn., 1 

W. A. CHAPLIN, J. CbmnUtUe. 

W. R. LACKEY, J 



Past Grand Master Wingate, from the Committee to whom was re- 
ferred so much of the Grand Master's address as relates to Brother 
Sherer's plates, made the following report, which was concurred in, and 
the resolutions accompanying it adopted, viz: 

The Committee to whom was referred so much of the Grand Master's 
address as relates to the plates presented by Bro. John Sherer, of Cin- 
cinnati, have attended to that duty, and beg leave to report: 

This Grand Lodge having previously and on repeated occasions pub- 
lished their approbation of Bro. Sherer's Masonic Carpets, it is only 
necessary here to say, that the present enterprise is even more worthy 
of your approbation than the former. The elegance of these plates is 
the least of their merits, yet nothing has ever been oflfered to the Fra- 
ternity, within our knowledge, to compare with them in elegance. 



8 BHEREB*8 HASONIO PUBLICATIONS. 

Their prime merit is the perfection of the symbols, and the perfect pro- 
priety of their arrangement. In these Bro. Sherer has been particuUily 
happy. 

Your Committee submit the following resolutions, yiz: 

Resolved^ That the thanks of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky are pre- 
sented to Bro. John Sherer for his present of a full set of his symbolic 
plates — all handsomely framed. 

Saolved, That the emblems, and the manner of their arrangement^ 
adopted in Sherer*s plates, comports, in our judgment, with the ancient 
work of Masonry, and affords ihe safest, most reliable, and most con- 
Tenient aid to the proper conferring of the three first degrees. 

H. WINGATE. 

M. J. WILUAMS. 

W. H. VANPELT. 



The following report, from the Special Committee on the Emblems 
presented by Bro. Sherer, was read and adopted : 

To THB M. W. GaAKD Ha-btib, Wakoxns and 

BSXTHKKM OF THX GkAKD LODQI OF TxZAf : 

Your Committee appointed to examine Sherer's Masonic Degree Book, 
haye carefully examined the same, and beg leave to report that the plates 
are neatly executed, and the emblems well and correctly arranged, and 
that they will greatly facilitate the lecturer in exemplifying the work in 
the first three degrees, and cheerfully recommend them to the patronage 
of the Lodges and brethren under the jurisdiction of this Grand Lodgci 
All of which is respectfully submitted. J. A. LAWRENCE. 

J. M. ANDERSON. 



Louisville, Ey., October 19, 185S. 

The Carpets of Bro. Jno. Sheree have been the admitted Standard 
in Kentucky, ever since the first were published. And although imita^ 
tions by ingenious brethren, have been brought into market from time 
to time, yet none of them have been thought equal to Bro. Sherer's. 
For my part I do not see how they could be improved. 

ROB MORRIS, 

Grand MasUr <^f Kentucky, 



An improved Chapter aub Council Carpet, six feet square, fin- 
ished in the same style as the Master's Carpet, is now ready for delivery. 

All these publications, whether carpets, plates, books, or diplomas, will 
be forwarded by express or otherwise, as ordered, to any part of the 
United States or Canada. The trade supplied on usual terms. 
Address John Sherer, Cincinnati, Ohio, or Rob Morris, Louisville, Ky. 



MASONIC PUBLICATIONS 

FOB BALE BT 

HOB MORRIS, 

AT BIS orrioc 

47a MAIN STREET, 
liOVISTIIiliE, KT. 



1. SHERER'S MASONIC CARPETS. 

These are of two sorts. The first is a Master's Carpet, 6 by 7 feet in 
size, finished in map style, molding at top, with roller at bottom, diyer- 
sified and rich in its colorings. The other presents the emblems of the 
Blue Lodge, Chapter and Council Degrees, the same size, 6 by 7 feet, and 
finished in the same manner. 

These Carpets have been so long before the Masonic public, although 
from time to time greatly improTed and beautified, that no further de- 
scription is needed. Official recommendations have been extended in their 
favor by the Grand Lodges and Chapters of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, 
Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina and 
Texas, while letters of approbation have been given by many such men 
as Finley M. King, Rob Morris, John Dove, James Evans, James M. 
Hall, Cornelius Moore, Nathan B. Haswell, Salem Town, Benj. Parke, 
Horace Goodwin, Philip Swigert. 



2. SHERER'S MASONIC DEGREE BOOK. 

This is a collection of emblematic plates, suitable for framing sepa- 
rately, or for binding in a volume. ^Hie size of each plate is 20 by 26 
inches. They are from the finest lithographic drawings, printed in col- 
ors on the best plate paper. The correctness of their symbolisms and 
elegance of execution are vouched for by a long array of the intelligent 
Brethren who have examined them. As a frontispiece, there is a mag- 
nificent engraving, size as above, of ** Jerusalem Besieged by Titus," 
leken from Bartlett's " Walks about Jerusalem.'' This alone is worth 
die price of the whole volume. 



3. THE GEMS OF MASONRY, 

Emblematic and Descriptive, by John Sherer. 



9 



10 MASONIC PUBLICATIONS. 

4. VIEW OF JERUSALEM AS BESIEGED 

BY TITUS. 

This is a magaificent Lithograph, printed in colors iu the beststjleof 
Saronj, admitted to be the best living Lithographer. He has pro- 
nounced it his chef d'csuure^ and no one will dispute the correctness of 
his judgment who has a glimpse of it. For a parlor ornament^ it U 
perfection itself. For a Lodge, nothing is more appropriate. 

The View is 20 by 26 inches in dimensions, and will be sent securely 
packed in a tin case to any part of the continent for ;^2 DO. 



5. VIEW OF SOLOMON'S TEMPLE, 

Engraved at Boston, upon two steel plates — full dimensions, 24 by 42 
inches — at a cost exceeding Two Thousand Dollars. This is the 
eelebrated design of Chancellor Schott, of Hamburgh, and the most 
complete explication of the inspired account of the great Fane ever 
published. Nothing but an examination will give a full idea of the 
vast amount of instruction to be derived from thjs engraving ; the border 
designs, of which there are eight, the subsidiary drawings below the 
main picture, of which there are four, and the Scripture and historical 
passages thickly interspersed, make it a perfect cyclopedia of the subject 
Price, in sheets for framing, $2.00 ; colored and finished in map form, 
molding at top and roller at bottom, $3.00. 



6. THE FREEMASON'S MONITOR, 

By Thomas Smith "\Vcbb, with notes and running comment by Rob 
Morris. This edition of the old and standard author, whose production 
has BO long maintained its place in public favor amid the com- 
petition of nearly a score of imitations, is rendered immensely more 
valuable by the learning and experience of the present Editor. Mr. 
Morris has brought all his knowledge of Masonic law and usage to beai 
in making this work an indispensable aid to Masters, Wardens, and 
Brethren throughout the great Fraternity. 



7. MASONIC DIPLOMAS 

Of the various Degrees and Orders of the Blue Lodge, Chapter, Council 
and Encampment. Those of the Lodge are in three languages, viz.: 
English, German and French. Those of the Chapter have the Spanish 
in addition, and the Council Diploma is appended. Those of the En- 
campment are in English. 

These Diplomas are printed both on bank-note paper and parchment, 
and bound in tuck for pocket use. Besides the usual letter-press of a 
Diploma, they present an elegant compendium of the emblems proper 
to each. The form used is according to the best standards. 



MASONIC PUBLICATIONS. 11 

8. THE VOICE OF MASONRY AND 
TIDINGS FROM THE CRAFT. 

A large folio newspaper published semi-monthlj, devoted exclusively 
to Freemasonry. Price One Dollar per annum, or to Canada and Nova 
Scotia, One Dollar and Twenty-Five Cents. Edited and published by 
Rob Morris, Louisville, Ky. 



9. THE UNIVERSAL MASONIC LIBRARY. 

CONSISTING OF FIFTY-THREE STANDARD WORKS. 

These works are bound handsomely and most substantially in Leather, 
in thirty volumes Octavo, averaging 400 pages, and are afforded at the 
extremely low price of Fifty Dollars per set delivered in Louisville. 
Volume First — 

1. Dictionary of Symbolical Masonry, including the Royal 

Arch. By Oliver. 801 pages. 

2. The Book of the Lodge, or Officers' Manual. By the same. 

119 pages. 
"Volnme Second — 

8. Symbol of Glory. By the same. 310 pages. 

4. Spirit of Masonry. By Hutchinson. 245 pages. 
Volume Third— 

5. Illustrations of Masonry. By Preston. 406 pages. 
Volume Fourth — 

6. Antiquities of Masonry. By Oliver. 260 pages. 

7. Masonic Discourses. By Harris. 17G pages. 
Volume Fifth— 

8. History of Freemasonry, from 1829 to 1841. 137 pages. 

9. Mirror for the Johannite Mason. By the same. 110 pages. 

10. Star in the East. By the same. 91 pages. 
Volume Sixth — 

11. Disquisitions of Masonry. By Calcott. 176 pages. 

12. Masonic Manual. By Ashe. 281 pages. 
• Volume Seventh — 

13. Revelations of a Square. By Oliver. 328 pages. 

14. Introduction to Freemasonry. Anonymous. 87 pages. 
Volume Eighth — 

15. History of Initiation. By Oliver. 234 pages. 

16. History and Illustration of Freemasonry. Anon. 91 pp 



12 MASONIC PUBLICATIONS. 

Yolnme Ninth — 

17. Constitution Grand Lodge, England. 92 pages. 

18. " " " Ireland. 91 pages. 

19. " " " Scotland. 117 pages. 
Volume Tenth — 

20. Theocratic Philosophy of Masonry. By Oliver. 206 pages. 

21. Signs and symbols of Masonry. By the same. 184 pages. 
Volnmes Eleventh and Twelfth — 

22. The Historical Landmarks of Masonry. By Oliver. Vol. 

I. — 426 pages. Vol. II. — 460 pages. 

23. Stray Leaves from a Freemason's Note Book. Anonymons. 

1C6 pages. 
Volnme Thirteenth— 
) 24. Apology for the Order. Translated from the French. By 

' • H. W. Thorpe. 41 pages. 

26. The Masonic Schism. By Oliver. 46 pages. 

26. Insignia of the Royal Arch. By the same. 86 pages. 

27. The Secret Discipline. Anonymous. 87 pages. 
Volume Fourteenth — 

I 28. Lights and Shadows of Freemasonry. By Rob Morris. 890 pp. 

Volnme Fifteenth — 

29. Anderson's Ancient Constitutions. 108 pages. 
I 80. History of Freemasonry, up to 1829. By Lawrie. 208 pp. 

I Volume Sixteenth — 

81. Masonic Sermons. By Jethro Inwood. 268 pi^s. 

82. Three Sermons. By William J. Percy. 64 paged. 
Volume Seventeenth — 

88. Principles of Masonic Law. By A. G. Mackey. 871 pp. 
I Volume Eighteenth — 

84. History of Masonic Persecutions. By Oliver. 283 pages. 
86. Masonic Institutes. By Oliver. 196 pages. 
Volumes Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-first, and Twenty-second — 

86. History of the Knights Hospitallers, of St. John of Jeru- 

salem. By De Vertot. 4 vols., 887, 891, 360, and 896 pp. 

87. Statutes of the Knights Templar of England and Wales. 

29 pages. 
Volume Twenty-third — 

88. Use and Abuse of Freemasonry. By Smith. Ill pa^^ea. 



MASONIC PUBLICATIONS. IS 

89. Life in the Triangle. By Rob Morris. 170 pages. 

40. Historical Sketch of the Order of Knights Templar. By T. 

S. Gourdin. 41 pages. 
Volnme Twenty-fourth — 

41. Manual of Masonic Music By J. B. Taylor. 336 pages. 
Volume Twenty-fifth— 

42. Masonry and Anti-Masonry. By Alfred Creigh, M. D. 

833 pages. 

43. An Appeal to the Inhabitants of Vermont on the subject of 

the Anti-Masonic Excitement, April^ 1829. By Philip G. 
Tucker. 13 pages. 

44. An Address to the Masonic Convention at Middlebury, Ver- 

mont. April 7, 1829. By Jonathan A. Allen, M. D. 

12 pages. 
Volumes Twenty-sixth and Twenty-seventh — 

46. The Freemason's Monthly Magazine, 1855. Two volumes 

400 and 380 pages. 
Volume Twenty-eighth — 

46. The Mystic Tie. By A. G. Mackey. 234 pages. 

47. Narrative of the Anti-Masonic Excitement, 1826 to 1829. 

By Brown. 190 pages. 

48. Oration at the Re-interment of Gen. Joseph Warren, 1776. 

By Percy Morton. 12 pages. 
Volume Twenty-ninth — 

49. Philosophical Philosophy of Masonry. By A. C. L. Arnold. 

284 pages. 
Volume Thirtieth— 

50. Speculative Masonry. By Salem Town. 

51. By-laws of the Lodge of Antiquity. London, 1728. 

52. Ancient Poem on the Constitutions of Masonry, 1325. 

53. The Egyptian and Hobrew Symbols. By Portal. 

What an invaluable Library is this for the use of a well-governed, 
well-instructed, and zealous Lodge, bent upon accomplishing the lofty 
aims of Freemasonry without the calculation of chances or fear of 
failure! What brother, with generous and laudable aspi ratio d.<4, will 
attempt to stand before the great Fraternity before qualifying himself 
with the knowledge embodied in these books 1 



14 MASLfNIC PUBLICATIONS. 

AGENTS FOR SHERER'S MASONIC PUBLICATIONS. 



ROB MORRIS, Louisville, Ky. 

D. NORCROSS, 44 Sacramento, above Montgomery street, San 

Francisco, Cal. 
JAMES M. HALL, Crockett, Texas. 
Dr. J. B. RANDALL, Marietta, Ga. 
SAM. G. RISK, Grand Secretary^ New Orleans, La. 
CARTER & CABERRY, Jewelers, Chicago, 111. 
JOHN SCOTT, Nevada, Iowa. 
JAMES 0. MELLICK, Detroit, Michigan 
A. S. RUTHVAN, Grand Secretary, Galveston, Texas. 



48 Sixth Street, near Walnut, Cincinnati, Ohio, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

MASONIC CLOTHING; 

Master Mason, Boyal Arch, Council, and Knights 

Templar Street Clothing, and Costiune 

of every Description; 

Collars, Jewels, and Carpets for Blue Lodge, 

Chapter and Council, and Diplomas 

FOR the Craft. 



On Hand and For Sale, 
Webb's Monitor, with Rob Morris' Comments. 
Gems of Masonry, Emblematic and Descriptive, by J. Sberer. 
Freemasons' Guide, by Rolwrt Macoy. 
Stewart's Freemasons' Manual. 
The Craftsman, by C. Moore. 

ALSO — 

K\Aj of SIlEIIKKiH l>13BlAC/VTIO?i8.